The Effect of Text Message-Based mHealth Interventions on Physical Activity and Weight Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Physical inactivity and obesity are detrimental to one's overall health, as they increase the risk of developing non-communicable diseases. Fortunately, physical inactivity and obesity can be improved by supporting lifestyle behavior changes. This support may be provided remotely by Mobile Health (mHealth) messaging interventions, which involve using mobile messages for health improvement.

Reporting patient experiences within elective perioperative care: a scoping review.

Patient experience is an important descriptor of the human experience of healthcare. Specifically, it is described as the sum of all interactions, shaped by an organization's culture, that influence patient perceptions, across the continuum of care. Currently, patient experience is measured with a focus on the hospital experience.

Unravelling large-scale patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry rivers.

More than half of the world's rivers dry up periodically, but our understanding of the biological communities in dry riverbeds remains limited. Specifically, the roles of dispersal, environmental filtering and biotic interactions in driving biodiversity in dry rivers are poorly understood. Here, we conduct a large-scale coordinated survey of patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry riverbeds.

No association between vascular aging and sarcopenia in healthy participants.

Background & Aims: Several reports inform an association between vascular aging and sarcopenia. However, both conditions appear along with aging. Therefore, their association may be circumstantial and not casually linked.

It's About Timing: Contrasting the Metabolic Effects of Early vs. Late Time-Restricted Eating in Humans.

Purpose Of Review: Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, restricts feeding time across the day, imposing a daily 'eating window'. The time of day when the eating window occurs could result in differential metabolic effects. Here, we describe recent intervention studies in humans assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- (i.

Long-Term Imaging of Identified Neural Populations using Microprisms in Freely Moving and Head-Fixed Animals.

With the advancement of multi-photon microscopy and molecular technologies, fluorescence imaging is rapidly growing to become a powerful approach for studying the structure, function, and plasticity of living brain tissues. In comparison to conventional electrophysiology, fluorescence microscopy can capture the neural activity as well as the morphology of the cells, enabling long-term recordings of the identified neuron populations at single-cell or subcellular resolution. However, high-resolution imaging typically requires a stable, head-fixed setup that restricts the movement of the animal, and the preparation of a flat surface of transparent glass allows visualization of neurons at one or more horizontal planes but is limited in studying the vertical processes running across different depths.

Associations between Adolescent Alcohol Use and Neurocognitive Functioning in Young Adulthood.

This study examined the associations between excessive alcohol intake during adolescence and neurocognitive functioning in young adulthood and whether these relations varied by sex. Participants were working-class Chilean adolescents ( = 692; 16.0 years; 54.

Socioeconomic position and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood: Evidence from Santiago, Chile.

Background: Optimizing cognitive development through early adulthood has implications for population health. This study aims to understand how socioeconomic position (SEP) across development relates to executive functioning. We evaluate three frameworks in life-course epidemiology - the sensitive period, accumulation, and social mobility hypotheses.

Breastfeeding Duration and Timing of Bottle Supplementation: Associations with Body Mass Index from Childhood to Young-Adulthood.

Evidence for the association between breastfeeding (BF) duration and later body mass index (BMI) is inconsistent. We explored how BF duration and BF type (exclusive or partial) related to BMI from childhood to young adulthood in a Chilean cohort. Infants were recruited at 6 months between 1994 and 1996 in Santiago, Chile ( = 821).

Adolescent sedentary behavior and body composition in early adulthood: results from a cohort study.

Background: This study investigates the cross-sectional and prospective associations between accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and body composition from adolescence to early adulthood.

Methods: Data from the Santiago Longitudinal Study were analyzed (n = 212). Sedentary time was measured at age 16 years, and body composition (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio [WHtR], fat mass percentage, and lean mass percentage) was examined at both age 16 and 23 years.

A Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) of 5.4 is a good predictor of both metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity.

Background: The Single-Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) is a biomarker of insulin sensitivity estimated using BMI and triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We assessed the accuracy of SPISE to screen obesity-related cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.

Method: Cross-sectional validation study for a screening test in a sample of =725 children and adolescents from an obesity clinic.

Technology for societal change: Evaluating a mobile app addressing the emotional needs of people experiencing homelessness.

New technology that aims to tackle the systemic and societal problems face challenges bringing together diverse stakeholder perspectives effectively. We evaluate how an emotion-led approach, with a Living Lab process may be effective in these situations. We discuss findings and their implications for this in the context of the development and ongoing maintenance of a web app called "Ask Izzy".

Assessing placement bias of the global river gauge network.

Knowing where and when rivers flow is paramount to managing freshwater ecosystems. Yet stream gauging stations are distributed sparsely across rivers globally and may not capture the diversity of fluvial network properties and anthropogenic influences. Here we evaluate the placement bias of a global stream gauge dataset on its representation of socioecological, hydrologic, climatic and physiographic diversity of rivers.

Fasting levels of appetite regulating hormones predict caloric intake at breakfast in a group of Chilean adolescents.

Background: Appetite regulation is integral to food intake and is modulated by complex interactions between internal and external stimuli. Hormonal mechanisms which stimulate or inhibit intake have been characterized, but the physiologic effects of serum levels of such hormones in short-term appetite regulation have received little attention.

Aim: To evaluate whether fasting levels of orexigenic/anorexigenic hormones were associated with energy intake at breakfast, served soon after drawing a fasting blood sample, in a group of adolescents.

Reconceptualizing the hyporheic zone for nonperennial rivers and streams.

Nonperennial streams dominate global river networks and are increasing in occurrence across space and time. When surface flow ceases or the surface water dries, flow or moisture can be retained in the subsurface sediments of the hyporheic zone, supporting aquatic communities and ecosystem processes. However, hydrological and ecological definitions of the hyporheic zone have been developed in perennial rivers and emphasize the mixing of water and organisms, respectively, from both the surface stream and groundwater.

Early-life adversity is associated with poor iron status in infancy.

Exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) and iron deficiency early in life are known risk factors for suboptimal brain and socioemotional development. Iron deficiency may arise from and co-occur with ELA, which could negatively affect development. In the present study, we investigated whether ELA is associated with iron deficiency in infants receiving no iron supplementation.

Multiple events case-control study in a prospective cohort to identify systemic, cellular, and molecular biomarkers of obesity-induced accelerated aging in 30-years-olds: the ObAGE study protocol.

Background: Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of capacities linked to fundamental alterations/damage in multiple cellular and molecular pathways. It is the most significant risk factor for all non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Another contributing factor to the rise in NCDs is obesity.

Infant Growth Trajectories and Lipid Levels in Adolescence: Evidence From a Chilean Infancy Cohort.

Growth in early infancy is hypothesized to affect chronic disease risk factors later in life. To date, most reports draw on European-ancestry cohorts with few repeated observations in early infancy. We investigated the association between infant growth before 6 months and lipid levels in adolescents in a Hispanic/Latino cohort.

Association of fasting Orexin-A levels with energy intake at breakfast and subsequent snack in Chilean adolescents.

Orexin-A, a hormone secreted by orexin neurons, is involved in caloric-intake regulation. Current understanding is based primarily on animal studies. Studies of orexin in humans are scarce, and to our knowledge there are no prior studies in adolescents.

Association of fasting orexin-A levels with energy intake at breakfast and subsequent snack in Chilean adolescents.

Orexin-A, a hormone secreted by orexin neurons, is involved in caloric-intake regulation. Current understanding is based primarily on animal studies. Studies of orexin in humans are scarce, and to our knowledge there are no prior studies in adolescents.

Adjusting Ferritin Concentrations for Nonclinical Inflammation in Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity.

Objective: To compare approaches for adjusting serum ferritin concentrations for inflammation in Chilean adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Study Design: Cross-sectional data from 518 adolescents (aged 16-17 years; 48% females) from Santiago, Chile were analyzed. Several approaches were compared for estimating the prevalence of depleted iron stores (defined as serum ferritin <15 μg/L), including unadjusted prevalence and higher cutoffs for various subgroups (excluding participants with inflammation), correction factors, and regression corrections.

Iron supplementation given to nonanemic infants: neurocognitive functioning at 16 years.

Objective: There is concern that high iron uptake during the critical period of early brain development carries potential risks, especially for nonanemic infants. This study examined the neurocognitive functioning of 16-year-olds who were nonanemic as infants and received iron supplementation.

Methods: We studied 562 Chilean adolescents ( 16.

Genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic/Latino adolescents.

Background: Metabolic regulation plays a significant role in energy homeostasis, and adolescence is a crucial life stage for the development of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This study aims to investigate the genetic determinants of metabolic biomarkers-adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, and orexin-and their associations with CMD risk factors.

Methods: We characterized the genetic determinants of the biomarkers among Hispanic/Latino adolescents of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (SLS) and identified the cumulative effects of genetic variants on adiponectin and leptin using biomarker polygenic risk scores (PRS).

Associations between adverse home environments and appetite hormones, adipokines, and adiposity among Chilean adolescents.

Little is known regarding the relationship between adverse home environments and hormones important in regulation of appetite and their impact on obesity in children and adolescents. In this study, we examined the impact of socioeconomic economic status, family stress and maternal depressive symptoms on appetite hormones, adipokines and adiposity. To determine whether adverse home environments in childhood and adolescence relate to adiposity in adolescence and disruptions in appetite hormones and adipokines, specifically lower levels of adiponectin and ghrelin and elevated levels of leptin and orexin.