Polybromo-associated BRG1-associated factor components BRD7 and BAF180 are critical regulators of p53 required for induction of replicative senescence.

A variety of tumor-suppressor mechanisms exist to promote genome integrity and organismal survival. One such mechanism is cellular senescence. In response to replicative aging, DNA damage, and oncogenic stimuli, the p53 and Rb pathways are activated to prevent the proliferation of damaged cells by inducing senescence or apoptosis.

Finite element analysis of performance in the skulls of marmosets and tamarins.

Reliance on plant exudates is a relatively rare dietary specialization among mammals. One well-studied example of closely related exudate feeders is the New World marmosets and tamarins. Whereas marmosets actively gouge tree bark with their incisors to stimulate the flow of sap, tamarins are opportunistic exudate feeders that do not gouge bark.

Solid state interconversion of cages and coordination networks via conformational change of a semi-rigid ligand.

The reaction of silver(i) perchlorate with the semi-rigid ligand 1,4-bis((3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)methyl)benzene (bisox) in methanol gives a triply-interpenetrated sheet structure, but a structure containing both interpenetrated sheets and Ag(2)(bisox)(3) cages is formed on recrystallisation from acetonitrile-diethyl ether. Rearrangement of the cages into sheets occurs on heating under vacuum, a process which involves a solid state change in conformation of the bisox ligands.

Dipyridyl beta-diketonate complexes: versatile polydentate metalloligands for metal-organic frameworks and hydrogen-bonded networks.

The Group 13 metal complexes [M(L(2))(3)], where M is Al or Ga and L(2) is 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)-1,3-propanedionato, are hexatopic metalloligands that have been used to prepare mixed-metal-organic frameworks containing interpenetrated primitive cubic networks. In contrast, the europium complex [Eu(HL(2))(3)(H(2)L(2))]Cl(4) x EtOH forms a hydrogen-bonded network following partial protonation of the pyridyl groups.

Effects of flutamide therapy on craniofacial growth and development in a model of craniosynostosis.

Research has implicated the faulty regulation of transforming growth factor beta signaling as one mechanism for premature calvaria suture fusion. Androgens have been shown to increase the expression and activity of the transforming growth factor beta, resulting in increased osteoblast proliferation and differentiation and possibly premature suture fusion. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that flutamide, an androgen receptor-blocking agent, would "rescue" a coronal suture destined to fuse and improve craniofacial growth in a familial rabbit model of craniosynostosis.

Partial characterization of normal and Haemophilus influenzae-infected mucosal complementary DNA libraries in chinchilla middle ear mucosa.

Objectives: We sought to construct and partially characterize complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries prepared from the middle ear mucosa (MEM) of chinchillas to better understand pathogenic aspects of infection and inflammation, particularly with respect to leukotriene biogenesis and response.

Methods: Chinchilla MEM was harvested from controls and after middle ear inoculation with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. RNA was extracted to generate cDNA libraries.

[Trends in puberal development of school age children living in the Metropolitan Region of Chile].

Background: There is a worldwide tendency towards an earlier appearance of puberal development among children, associated with an increase in weight and height.

Aim: To study the trends in puberal development in Chilean school age children, between the years 1986 and 2001 and correlate it with weight and height changes.

Subjects And Methods: In two representative samples of school age children, collected between years 1985 and 1987 (m-1986) and another between years 2000 and 2002 (m-2001), girls between 7 and 15years (958 and 935, respectively) and boys between 9 and 15 years (842 and 870 respectively), were selected.

Neurosensory retinal detachment of the macula in retinal phototoxicity documented by optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To report a neurosensory detachment documented by optical coherence tomography in operating light microscope-induced retinal phototoxicity.

Methods: A 53-year-old man had a pars plana lensectomy, core vitrectomy, and posterior chamber sutured intraocular lens implantation in his right eye. The surgery lasted >3 hours.

Shouldering the burdens of locomotion and posture: glenohumeral joint structure in prosimians.

Despite its importance in movement of the upper limb, the soft-tissue morphology of the shoulder joint complex (the acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular, and glenohumeral joints) across primates is poorly understood. This study compares soft-tissue morphology of these three shoulder joint components among broad phylogenetic, locomotor, and postural behavior ranges in prosimian primates. Two adult specimens of Galago moholi (a vertical clinger and leaper) were dissected for study, along with one adult each of Cheirogaleus medius (an arboreal quadruped), Eulemur macaco (an arboreal quadruped that also frequently engages in suspensory behavior), and Tarsius syrichta (a vertical clinger and leaper).

Microanatomical assessment of nasomaxillary suture patency.

In addition to acting as a growth site, sutures in the facial skeleton are important for distributing mechanical forces during mastication. In the present study, the extent of fusion of a facial suture is assessed in two samples of adult bushbabies (Galago moholi and Otolemur garnettii). Microanatomical techniques were used to determine the loci of osseous bridges across the nasomaxillary suture (NMS).

Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry of a series of iron(II) complexes containing self-assembled 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ligands.

The reaction between PPh(CH(2)OH)(2), iron(II) sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and formaldehyde in aqueous solution gives the iron(II) complex [Fe(kappa(2)-O(2)SO(2))L(2)] (1), where L is the bidentate phosphine ligand 3,7-diphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane.

Massachusetts health insurance mandate: effects on neurosurgical practice.

Object: Massachusetts' health insurance mandate and subsidized insurance program, Commonwealth Care, have been active for 2 years.

Methods: The financial impact on the neurosurgery division and demographics of the relevant patient groups were assessed. The billing records of neurosurgical patients from January 2007 to September 2008 were collected and analyzed.

Sulfur-tagged metal-organic frameworks and their post-synthetic oxidation.

A series of sulfur-tagged zinc MOFs containing functionalised 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate ligands has been prepared: oxidative post-synthetic modification with dimethyldioxirane has converted the sulfide tags into sulfones, leaving the MOF networks intact.

Facial musculature in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): evolutionary and functional contexts with comparisons to chimpanzees and humans.

Facial expression is a common mode of visual communication in mammals but especially so in primates. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) have a well-documented facial expression repertoire that is controlled by the facial/mimetic musculature as in all mammals. However, little is known about the musculature itself and how it compares with those of other primates.

On the origin, homologies and evolution of primate facial muscles, with a particular focus on hominoids and a suggested unifying nomenclature for the facial muscles of the Mammalia.

The mammalian facial muscles are a subgroup of hyoid muscles (i.e. muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII).

Brief communication: histology and micro CT as methods for assessment of facial suture patency.

The extent of fusion in facial sutures has implications for topics ranging from biomechanics to phylogeny reconstruction. An unfortunate limitation of studying sutural fusion in skeletal specimens is that it is difficult to assess whether apparently patent sutures are in fact fused internally. Both histology and microcomputed tomography (CT) are potential tools for solving this, but relatively few studies have attempted to discern the limits of micro CT for visualization of microanatomical structures.

Comparative microanatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle between chimpanzees and humans: evolutionary divergence of lip function.

The orbicularis oris muscle plays a role in the production of primate facial expressions and vocalizations, nutrient intake, and in some non-human primates it is used as a prehensile, manipulative tool. As the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is the closest living relative of humans, a comparison of the orbicularis oris muscle between these species may increase our understanding of the morphological specializations related to the differing functional demands of their lips and the factors responsible for their divergent evolution. To this end, this study compares the microanatomy of the mid-line upper fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle between chimpanzees and humans.

Subtle structural variation in copper metal-organic frameworks: syntheses, structures, magnetic properties and catalytic behaviour.

Two new copper metal-organic frameworks containing 5-nitro-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (5-nbdc) have been prepared from the reaction between Cu(NO(3))(2).3H(2)O and H(2)(5-nbdc) in DMF at different temperatures. Single crystal X-ray structures of {[Cu(2)(5-nbdc)(2)(DMF)(2)].

Tuning the electronic and molecular structures of catalytic active sites with titania nanoligands.

A series of supported 1-60% TiO(2)/SiO(2) catalysts were synthesized and subsequently used to anchor surface VO(x) redox and surface WO(x) acid sites. The supported TiO(x), VO(x), and WO(x) phases were physically characterized with TEM, in situ Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy, and chemically probed with in situ CH(3)OH-IR, CH(3)OH-TPSR and steady-state CH(3)OH dehydration. The CH(3)OH chemical probe studies revealed that the surface VO(x) sites are redox in nature and the surface WO(x) sites contain acidic character.

Strong water absorption in the dayside emission spectrum of the planet HD 189733b.

Recent observations of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b did not reveal the presence of water in the emission spectrum of the planet. Yet models of such 'hot-Jupiter' planets predict an abundance of atmospheric water vapour. Validating and constraining these models is crucial to understanding the physics and chemistry of planetary atmospheres in extreme environments.

[Value of a clinical test for assessing physical activity in children].

Background: An appropriate measurement of physical activity (PA) in children is useful, since inactivity is associated to obesity, cardiovascular and metabolic risk.

Aim: To assess the reliability of the INTA questionnaire of PA, to compare the derived PA score with accelerometry and to assess its ability to identify excessively inactive children.

Material And Methods: One hundred eighty children aged 8 to 13 years answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire about their usual PA, consisting in 5 items (recumbent, seated, walking, playing outdoor, sports).

Fate of the nasal capsular cartilages in prenatal and perinatal tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi) and extent of secondary pneumatization of maxillary and frontal sinuses.

Development of the nasal capsule cartilages was studied in seven Geoffroy's tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi), including one fetus, five neonates and one infant. Four additional postnatal specimens of the genus were studied (one 5-month-old and three adults) to determine the magnitude of postnatal expansion of the paranasal sinuses. Alcian blue histochemistry and osteopontin immunohistochemistry were employed in selected subadult specimens to characterize cartilage matrix.

Identification of a non-purple tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase: an evolutionary link to Ser/Thr protein phosphatases?

Background: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases (TRAcPs), also known as purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), are a family of binuclear metallohydrolases that have been identified in plants, animals and fungi. The human enzyme is a major histochemical marker for the diagnosis of bone-related diseases. TRAcPs can occur as a small form possessing only the ~35 kDa catalytic domain, or a larger ~55 kDa form possessing both a catalytic domain and an additional N-terminal domain of unknown function.