Cannabis Marketing Strategies in the United States: A Descriptive Analysis of Four Prominent Companies.

Background: Given the substantial expansion of the US cannabis market and the impact of cannabis advertising exposure on use, cannabis marketing surveillance is needed to inform regulations and protect consumers.

Methods: Using 2020-2021 Vivvix advertising data from 4 US cannabis companies (Cresco, Mindy's, MedMen, and Uncle Ike's), we examined (1) general advertising characteristics (eg, number of unique ads and ad occurrences, ad expenditures, market, and media channel); and (2) ad content (ie, headlines and imagery) and placement (ie, source themes, eg, specific websites and magazines), overall and by company.

Results: There were 399 unique ads and 1171 occurrences, totaling $488,617 in expenditures.

Indigenous Maya-Mam leadership competencies: a grounded theory study.

Introduction: This study explores the leadership competencies within the Indigenous Maya-Mam community, aiming to understand the specific skills and qualities exhibited by Maya-Mam leaders. The research seeks to address the gap in literature regarding Indigenous leadership practices, particularly focusing on how cultural values influence leadership behaviors.

Methods: Qualitative methods were employed for this study, including interviews and thematic analysis.

Rigorous Policy Measurement: causal inference challenges and opportunities.

Epidemiologists are increasingly asking questions about the effects of policies on health and health disparities, generally using quasi-experimental methods. Researchers have developed a burgeoning body of rigorous methodological work focused on addressing potential inference challenges arising from modeling choices, study design, data availability, and common sources of bias in policy evaluations using observational data. However, epidemiologists have paid less attention to measurement and operationalization of policy exposures.

Building A Comprehensive, Longitudinal Dataset to Advance Research on the Efficacy of State-Level Anti-bullying Legislation: 1999 to 2017.

Bullying is one of the most common forms of youth violence and is associated with myriad adverse consequences over the life course. There has been increasing interest in examining whether anti-bullying legislation is effective in preventing bullying victimization and its negative effects. However, a lack of data structures that comprehensively and longitudinally assess anti-bullying legislation and its provisions has hampered this effort.

Sex differences in left-ventricular strain in a murine model of coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis.

Myocarditis is typically caused by viral infections, but most cases are thought to be subclinical. Echocardiography is often used for initial assessment of myocarditis patients but is poor at detecting subtle changes in cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac strain, such as global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS), represents an increasingly used set of measurements which can detect these subtle changes.

Cannabis Retailer Communication About Cannabis Products, Health Benefits, and Risks: A Mystery Shopper Study of Licensed Retailers in Five U.S. Cities.

Objective: As the U.S. cannabis market expands, surveillance of retailer practices, especially product health claims and risks, is crucial to protect consumers.

Early Alzheimer's disease pathology in human cortex involves transient cell states.

Cellular perturbations underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) are primarily studied in human postmortem samples and model organisms. Here, we generated a single-nucleus atlas from a rare cohort of cortical biopsies from living individuals with varying degrees of AD pathology. We next performed a systematic cross-disease and cross-species integrative analysis to identify a set of cell states that are specific to early AD pathology.

Schizophrenia-associated somatic copy-number variants from 12,834 cases reveal recurrent and disruptions.

While germline copy-number variants (CNVs) contribute to schizophrenia (SCZ) risk, the contribution of somatic CNVs (sCNVs)-present in some but not all cells-remains unknown. We identified sCNVs using blood-derived genotype arrays from 12,834 SCZ cases and 11,648 controls, filtering sCNVs at loci recurrently mutated in clonal blood disorders. Likely early-developmental sCNVs were more common in cases (0.

Development and pharmacological evaluation of a new chemical series of potent pan-ERR agonists, identification of SLU-PP-915.

Estrogen-related receptors (ERR) are an orphan nuclear receptor sub-family that play a critical role in regulating gene transcription for several physiological processes including mitochondrial function, cellular energy utilization and homeostasis. They have also been implicated to play a role in several pathological conditions. Herein, we report the identification, synthesis, structure-activity relationships and pharmacological evaluation of a new chemical series of potent pan-ERR agonists.

Intravenous aviptadil and remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19-associated hypoxaemic respiratory failure in the USA (TESICO): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: There is a clinical need for therapeutics for COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure whose 60-day mortality remains at 30-50%. Aviptadil, a lung-protective neuropeptide, and remdesivir, a nucleotide prodrug of an adenosine analog, were compared with placebo among patients with COVID-19 acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.

Methods: TESICO was a randomised trial of aviptadil and remdesivir versus placebo at 28 sites in the USA.

Early Alzheimer's disease pathology in human cortex is associated with a transient phase of distinct cell states.

Cellular perturbations underlying Alzheimer's disease are primarily studied in human postmortem samples and model organisms. Here we generated a single-nucleus atlas from a rare cohort of cortical biopsies from living individuals with varying degrees of Alzheimer's disease pathology. We next performed a systematic cross-disease and cross-species integrative analysis to identify a set of cell states that are specific to early AD pathology.

Which Skills Are Key to Public Health Leaders' Success in Crisis Management?

Under-resourced and fragmented public health infrastructure has contributed to a poor pandemic response in the United States. There have been calls to redesign the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and to increase its budget. Lawmakers also have introduced bills aiming to change public health emergency powers at the local, state, and federal levels.

Trends in US State Public Health Emergency Laws, 2021-2022.

To identify and categorize US state legislation introduced between January 1, 2021, and May 20, 2022, that addresses emergency health authority. We adapted standard policy surveillance methods to collect and code state bills and enacted laws limiting or expanding the emergency public health authority of state and local officials and agencies. State legislators introduced 1531 bills addressing public health authority; 191 of those were enacted in 43 states and the District of Columbia, including 17 expanding and 65 contracting emergency authority, 163 regulating use, and 30 preempting local use of specific measures such as mask mandates.

Single-cell genomic profiling of human dopamine neurons identifies a population that selectively degenerates in Parkinson's disease.

The loss of dopamine (DA) neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is a defining pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, the molecular features associated with DA neuron vulnerability have not yet been fully identified. Here, we developed a protocol to enrich and transcriptionally profile DA neurons from patients with PD and matched controls, sampling a total of 387,483 nuclei, including 22,048 DA neuron profiles.

3D-printed oxygen-releasing scaffolds improve bone regeneration in mice.

Low oxygen (O) diffusion into large tissue engineered scaffolds hinders the therapeutic efficacy of transplanted cells. To overcome this, we previously studied hollow, hyperbarically-loaded microtanks (μtanks) to serve as O reservoirs. To adapt these for bone regeneration, we fabricated biodegradable μtanks from polyvinyl alcohol and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and embedded them to form 3D-printed, porous poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)-μtank scaffolds.

Law and urban governance for health in times of rapid change.

Governance is an important factor in urban health, and law is an important element of healthy governance. Law can be an intervention local government wields to influence behavior and shape environments. Law can also be an important target of health promotion efforts: Law and the enforcement and implementation behaviors it fosters can promote unhealthy behaviors and environmental conditions, and can act as a barrier to healthy interventions or practices.

Strain Estimation of the Murine Right Ventricle Using High-Frequency Speckle-Tracking Ultrasound.

Right ventricular (RV) strain measurements from ultrasound via speckle-tracking techniques are being used more frequently as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for a variety of cardiopulmonary pathologies. However, despite the clinical utility of ultrasound RV strain measurements, quantification of RV strain in rodents remains difficult owing to unique image artifacts and non-standardized methodologies. We demonstrate here a simple approach for measuring RV strain in both mice and rats using high-frequency ultrasound and automated speckle tracking.

Identifying data for the empirical assessment of law (IDEAL): a realist approach to research gaps on the health effects of abortion law.

Reproductive rights have been the focus of United Nations consensus documents, a priority for agencies like the WHO, and the subject of judgments issued by national and international courts. Human rights approaches have galvanised abortion law reform across numerous countries, but human rights analysis is not designed to empirically assess how legal provisions regulating abortion shape the actual delivery of abortion services and outcomes. Reliable empirical measurement of the health and social effects of abortion regulation is vital input for policymakers and public health guidance for abortion policy and practice, but research focused explicitly on assessing the health effects of abortion law and policy is limited at the global level.