Catharanthine Modulates Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission and Nicotine Psychomotor Effects via Inhibition of α6-Nicotinic Receptors and Dopamine Transporters.

Iboga alkaloids, also known as coronaridine congeners, have shown promise in the treatment of alcohol and opioid use disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of catharanthine and 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) on dopamine (DA) transmission and cholinergic interneurons in the mesolimbic DA system, nicotine-induced locomotor activity, and nicotine-taking behavior. Utilizing fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the nucleus accumbens core of male mice, we found that catharanthine or 18-MC differentially inhibited evoked DA release.

Whole-Body Vibration Prevents Neuronal, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Effects of Morphine Withdrawal in a Rat Model.

Peripheral mechanoreceptor-based treatments such as acupuncture and chiropractic manipulation have shown success in modulating the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain and projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the striatum. We have previously shown that mechanoreceptor activation via whole-body vibration (WBV) ameliorates neuronal and behavioral effects of chronic ethanol exposure. In this study, we employ a similar paradigm to assess the efficacy of WBV as a preventative measure of neuronal and behavioral effects of morphine withdrawal in a Wistar rat model.

Braiding the Healing Gifts of Photovoice for Social Change: The Means Are Ends in the Making.

Photovoice is an important participatory action method for motivating social change. The potential for this change within the processes of the method remains under-explored. We present the voice and perspectives of three health promotion practitioners who have important connections to photovoice: a grandmother and co-founder of the method, a nurse from Wales, and an early adopter seeking change.

Interleukin-10 enhances activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons resulting in increased dopamine release.

Dopamine transmission from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates important aspects of motivation and is influenced by the neuroimmune system. The neuroimmune system is a complex network of leukocytes, microglia and astrocytes that detect and remove foreign threats like bacteria or viruses and communicate with each other to regulate non-immune (e.g neuronal) cell activity through cytokine signaling.

Socioeconomic impacts on Andean adolescents' growth: Variation between households, between communities and over time.

Background/objectives: We evaluated potential socioeconomic contributors to variation in Andean adolescents' growth between households within a peri-urban community undergoing rapid demographic and economic change, between different community types (rural, peri-urban, urban) and over time. Because growth monitoring is widely used for assessing community needs and progress, we compared the prevalences of stunting, underweight, and overweight estimated by three different growth references.

Methods: Anthropometrics of 101 El Alto, Bolivia, adolescents (Alteños), 11.

Food security and well-being among older, rural Americans before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many aspects of our lives. Older adults, those with less income or fewer resources, and those living in rural parts of the United States are potentially more vulnerable. To understand the negative impact of COVID-19 on perceived food security, physical and mental health, and loneliness in a sample of older, rural, low-income adults in the United States, we use results from a mailed survey in which residents of four Indiana counties contrasted their status during the early period of the pandemic to their typical pre-pandemic status.

Lessons Learned from OpenNotes Learning Mode and Subsequent Implementation across a Pediatric Health System.

Background: The 21st Century Cures Act has accelerated adoption of OpenNotes, providing new opportunities for patient and family engagement in their care. However, these regulations present new challenges, particularly for pediatric health systems aiming to improve information sharing while minimizing risks associated with adolescent confidentiality and safety.

Objective: Describe lessons learned preparing for OpenNotes across a pediatric health system during a 4-month trial period (referred to as "Learning Mode") in which clinical notes were not shared by default but decision support was present describing the upcoming change and physicians could request feedback on complex cases from a multidisciplinary team.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication Course Design and Features: A Survey of Expert Faculty and Instructors.

Purpose: Multiple surveys have been used to investigate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) coursework offered in speech-language pathology programs in the last 3 decades. These studies primarily explored the availability of AAC courses and reported a limited number of course characteristics. Because few studies to date have specifically examined the AAC course design, the purpose of this study was to investigate the design and features of AAC coursework, such as learning objectives, course content, assignments, and readings and resources, currently taught in the United States.

VirION2: a short- and long-read sequencing and informatics workflow to study the genomic diversity of viruses in nature.

Microbes play fundamental roles in shaping natural ecosystem properties and functions, but do so under constraints imposed by their viral predators. However, studying viruses in nature can be challenging due to low biomass and the lack of universal gene markers. Though metagenomic short-read sequencing has greatly improved our virus ecology toolkit-and revealed many critical ecosystem roles for viruses-microdiverse populations and fine-scale genomic traits are missed.

Marginal Food Security Predicts Earlier Age at Menarche Among Girls From the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Study Objective: This study analyzed the relationship between household food security and variation in age at menarche, as well as the connections between food insecurity, nutritional status, and allostatic load, among girls aged 12-15 years from the 2009-2014 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: Data analysis included mean comparisons of age at menarche among household food security groups (high, marginal, low, and very low) as well as categorical variables known to associate with age at menarche (ethnicity, poverty status, body mass index [BMI], allostatic load, and milk consumption). χ Analyses were used to test the associations between household food security and additional categorical variables.

Food Insecurity and Age at Menarche in Tampa Bay, Florida.

The aim of this study was to assess whether household food insecurity is associated with delayed or early menarche among girls in the United States. Thirty-six dyadic household interviews were conducted with mothers and adolescent girls. The interviews included a socio-demographic survey, the USDA Six-Item Short Form Household Food Security Survey Module, anthropometric measurements, and the self-administered Youth-Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Food Insecurity and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Older Adults in Florida, U.S.

Individuals 65 years or older will comprise an estimated 20.0% of the U.S.

Medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon interaction and architecture change during exhaustive hopping exercise.

Background: Previous literature has shown in vivo changes in muscle-tendon interaction during exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise. It is unclear whether these changes in muscle-tendon length during exhaustive SSC exercise are associated with changes in mechanical efficiency (ME). The purpose of the study was to investigate whether changes in platarflexor contractile component (CC) length, tendon length, and changes in plantarflexor muscle activity could explain reduction in ME during exhaustive SSC exercise.

Mapping adipose and muscle tissue expression quantitative trait loci in African Americans to identify genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Relative to European Americans, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans (AAs). Genetic variation may modulate transcript abundance in insulin-responsive tissues and contribute to risk; yet, published studies identifying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in African ancestry populations are restricted to blood cells. This study aims to develop a map of genetically regulated transcripts expressed in tissues important for glucose homeostasis in AAs, critical for identifying the genetic etiology of T2D and related traits.

Tissue-Specific and Genetic Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity-Associated Transcripts in African Americans.

Integrative multiomics analyses of adipose and muscle tissue transcripts, S, and genotypes revealed novel genetic regulatory mechanisms of insulin resistance in African Americans.

Lower urinary tract symptom improvement after radical prostatectomy correlates with degree of prostatic inflammation.

Objective: To determine if prostatic inflammation at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP) was associated with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).

Methods: We performed a proof of principle analytic case control study of patients who underwent RP between January 2005 and August 2008 for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We reviewed pathology slides of those who had a change of 4 points or greater, as measured by the IPSS and correlated inflammation with change in IPSS.

Pediatric robotic-assisted laparoscopic ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy in a duplicated collecting system.

Introduction And Objective: Duplex renal collecting system is a common congenital anomaly in the pediatric population. The superior moiety ureter is often associated with an ectopic insertion. A common site of insertion is the urethra, which results in continuous incontinence.

Positioning injuries associated with robotic assisted urological surgery.

Purpose: Nerve injury associated with patient positioning during surgery is well documented. With the development of robotic surgery, surgeons are faced with new surgical positioning, requiring attention to ensure patient safety. Published reports that address positioning injury during robotic surgery are sparse and none address the overall incidence.

Nanoerythropoietin is 10-times more effective than regular erythropoietin in neuroprotection in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia and ischemia.

Background And Purpose: Erythropoietin (EPO) has been demonstrated to possess significant neuroprotective effects in stroke. We determined if the nano-drug form of human recombinant EPO (PLGA-EPO nanoparticles [PLGA-EPO-NP]) can enhance neuroprotection at lower dosages versus human recombinant EPO (r-EPO).

Methods: Established neonatal rat model of unilateral ischemic stroke was used to compare r-EPO, PLGA-EPO-NP and phosphate-buffered saline, given by daily intraperitoneal injections, followed by infarction volume and Rotarod Performance Test assessment.

Prolonged exposure to isoflurane ameliorates infarction severity in the rat pup model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.

The neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model referred to as the Rice-Vannucci model is extensively used to study perinatal hypoxia-ischemia and child brain injury. One of the major weaknesses of this model is its inconsistency of brain infarction among animals. We hypothesize that the inconsistency of infarction is caused by prolonged operation time and therefore isoflurane exposure.

Reliability using the universal classification of acute myocardial infarction compared to ST-segment classification.

Objectives: To study the inter-physician reliability using the universal classification (UC) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to the ST-segment classification (STC). The UC is based on clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG), and pathophysiologic characteristics compared to the STC, which is mainly ECG based.

Methods: In this registry of consecutive patients with AMI presenting to a tertiary hospital, we studied the inter-physician reliability [weighted kappa (wK)] using the UC and the STC.

The universal classification is an independent predictor of long-term outcomes in acute myocardial infarction.

Background: The long-term outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to the universal classification (UC) are unknown. We investigated whether the outcome of these patients is better predicted by the UC than the ST-segment classification (STC).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 348 consecutive patients with AMI with mean follow-up of 30.