Surgically facilitated orthodontics with clear aligners for severe malocclusion and gingival recessions.

Background: Gingival recession defects (GRDs) pose functional and esthetic concerns and may be associated with unfavorable tooth positions. Surgically facilitated orthodontic treatment (SFOT) with clear aligners can be a valuable option for adults with severe malocclusion and GRDs.

Methods: A 28-year-old male presented with severe dental crowding, Class III dental malocclusion, localized tooth crossbites, and tapered maxillary arch.

A new class of penicillin-binding protein inhibitors to address drug-resistant .

β-Lactams are the most widely used antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections because of their proven track record of safety and efficacy. However, susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics is continually eroded by resistance mechanisms. Emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains possessing altered alleles (encoding PBP2) pose a global health emergency as they threaten the utility of ceftriaxone, the last remaining outpatient antibiotic.

Human iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Exhibit Reduced Immunogenicity in Comparison With Human Primary Endothelial Cells.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) have emerged as a promising source of autologous cells with great potential to produce novel cell therapy for ischemic vascular diseases. However, their clinical application still faces numerous challenges including safety concerns such as the potential aberrant immunogenicity derived from the reprogramming process. This study investigated immunological phenotypes of iPSC-ECs by a side-by-side comparison with primary human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs).

Increasing the utility of epidemiologic studies as key evidence in chemical risk assessment.

The Society of Toxicology 2024 meeting assembled risk assessors, epidemiologists, and toxicologists to discuss the utility of integrating epidemiologic data into the derivation of reference values. Advantages of the use of epidemiologic evidence include (i) human relevance; (ii) increased likelihood that exposure levels are relevant to risk assessment; and (iii) incorporation of uncertainties attributed to co-exposures or other population-based considerations. The workshop panelists discussed the challenges of incorporating epidemiologic evidence due to uncertain exposure measurements, confounding, heterogeneity, and inherent study design limitations.

Interfacing CuO, CuBiO, and protective metal oxide layers to boost solar-driven photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution.

This article reports the development of CuO|CuBiO photocathodes stabilized by protective layers of TiO, MgO, or NiO, with Pt or MoS nanoparticles serving as co-catalysts to facilitate H evolution. Most notably, this work demonstrates the first application of MgO as a protection/passivation layer for photocathodes in a water-splitting cell. All configurations of photocathodes were studied structurally, morphologically, and photoelectrochemically revealing that CuO|CuBiO|MgO|Pt photocathodes achieve the highest stable photocurrent densities of -200 μA cm for over 3 hours with a Faradaic efficiency of ∼90%.

Advancing poliovirus eradication: lessons learned from piloting direct molecular detection of polioviruses in high-risk and priority geographies.

Unlabelled: In the Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN), poliovirus (PV) screening results from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is based on virus isolation (VI) through cell culture, entailing long turnaround times and the amplification of live poliovirus. An alternative Direct Detection strategy (DD-ITD) for screening viral nucleic acid from stools, bypassing the need for virus culture, has been developed and extensively validated by GPLN partners. A multi-laboratory demonstration project was conceived to field-test the DD-ITD method by GPLN laboratories from the WHO African, Western Pacific, and Eastern Mediterranean regions, where wild serotype 1 or vaccine-derived polioviruses still circulate.

A scoping review on pediatric sepsis prediction technologies in healthcare.

This scoping review evaluates recent advancements in data-driven technologies for predicting non-neonatal pediatric sepsis, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other methodologies. Of the 27 included studies, 23 (85%) were single-center investigations, and 16 (59%) used logistic regression. Notably, 20 (74%) studies used datasets with a low prevalence of sepsis-related outcomes, with area under the receiver operating characteristic scores ranging from 0.

Design and Characterization of a Novel Intravitreal Dual-Transgene Genetic Medicine for Neovascular Retinopathies.

Purpose: Intravitreal delivery of therapeutic transgenes to the retina via engineered viral vectors can provide sustained local concentrations of therapeutic proteins and thus potentially reduce the treatment burden and improve long-term vision outcomes for patients with neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: We performed directed evolution in nonhuman primates (NHP) to invent an adeno-associated viral (AAV) variant (R100) with the capacity to cross vitreoretinal barriers and transduce all regions and layers of the retina following intravitreal injection. We then engineered 4D-150, an R100-based genetic medicine carrying 2 therapeutic transgenes: a codon-optimized sequence encoding aflibercept, a recombinant protein that inhibits VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF, and a microRNA sequence that inhibits expression of VEGF-C.

A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Involving Financial Incentives to Facilitate Hepatitis C Treatment Uptake Among People Who Inject Drugs: ETHOS Engage Study.

The primary aim of this study was to establish the feasibility of implementing a larger RCT designed to evaluate the effect of financial incentives on HCV treatment initiation among persons receiving opioid agonist therapy and/or who have injected drugs in the prior six months. ETHOS Engage is an observational cohort of participants recruited from drug treatment and needle and syringe programs in Australia. Among 11 drug and alcohol clinics, participants who were HCV RNA-positive were randomized (1:1) to receive standard of care or a AUD $60 gift card at treatment initiation.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of External Molecular Proficiency Testing in the Global Polio Laboratory Network, 2021-2022.

In the Global Poliovirus Laboratory Network (GPLN), participation and successful completion in annual proficiency test (PT) panels has been a part of the WHO accreditation process for decades. The PT panel is a molecular external quality assessment (mEQA) that evaluates laboratory preparedness, technical proficiency, the accuracy of data interpretation, and result reporting. Using the Intratypic Differentiation (ITD) real-time RT-PCR kits from CDC, laboratories run screening assays and report results in accordance with the ITD algorithm to identify and type polioviruses.

Antiviral Development for the Polio Endgame: Current Progress and Future Directions.

As the world is approaching the eradication of wild poliovirus serotype 1, the last of the three wild types, the question of how to maintain a polio-free world becomes imminent. To mitigate the risk of sporadic vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) caused by oral polio vaccines (OPVs) that are routinely used in global immunization programs, the Polio Antivirals Initiative (PAI) was established in 2006. The primary goal of the PAI is to facilitate the discovery and development of antiviral drugs to stop the excretion of immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) in B cell-deficient individuals.

Comparison of Physiological Stress Indices in Anesthetized and Manually Restrained Leopard Sharks, .

Background: Leopard sharks () are abundant, coastal, eastern Pacific, mesopredatory sharks and are frequently managed in aquariums and zoos. Medical examinations are a routine part of good husbandry practices, but the handling protocols vary greatly between facilities. In this study, we compared the physiological stress responses of associated with manual restraint and sedated handling under parallel holding and handling procedures in a 10 min interval.

Pilot Trial of a Speech-Language Pathology Telehealth Service to Enhance Postdischarge Dysphagia Care in Singapore.

Purpose: Patients and caregivers in Singapore experience issues managing dysphagia care at home following hospital discharge, and they prioritized improving access to postdischarge dysphagia care and support. Hence, a postdischarge dysphagia telehealth service was developed. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of this service by examining patient and service outcomes, preliminary costs, and consumer satisfaction.

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Versus Open Surgical Repair in Treating Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) denotes an abdominal aorta dilation exceeding 3 cm, typically asymptomatic until rupture, posing severe consequences, including fatality. Therefore, continual screening is imperative, and surgical intervention is recommended upon reaching a diameter of 5.5 cm to prevent rupture.

Complete genome sequences of nine double recombinant vaccine-derived novel oral poliovirus type 2 genomes from Nigeria 2023-2024.

We report the complete genome sequences of nine double recombinant vaccine-derived novel oral poliovirus type 2 genomes from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases ( = 3), AFP case contacts ( = 4), and environmental surveillance sampling ( = 2) in Nigeria.

Stroke Is Not an Accident: An Integrative Review on the Use of the Term Cerebrovascular Accident.

Background: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is an outdated term for describing stroke as it implies stroke is an accident. We conducted an integrative review to examine the use of CVA in terms of (1) frequency in major medical journals over time; (2) associated publication characteristics (e.g.

Update on Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks - Worldwide, January 2023-June 2024.

Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge and lead to outbreaks of paralytic polio as well as asymptomatic transmission in communities with a high percentage of undervaccinated children. Using data from the World Health Organization Polio Information System and Global Polio Laboratory Network, this report describes global polio outbreaks due to cVDPVs during January 2023-June 2024 and updates previous reports. During the reporting period, 74 cVDPV outbreaks were detected in 39 countries or areas (countries), predominantly in Africa.

Increasing Population Immunity Prior to Globally-Coordinated Cessation of Bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (bOPV).

In 2022, global poliovirus modeling suggested that coordinated cessation of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV, containing Sabin-strain types 1 and 3) in 2027 would likely increase the risks of outbreaks and expected paralytic cases caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs), particularly type 1. The analysis did not include the implementation of planned, preventive supplemental immunization activities (pSIAs) with bOPV to achieve and maintain higher population immunity for types 1 and 3 prior to bOPV cessation. We reviewed prior published OPV cessation modeling studies to support bOPV cessation planning.

Telepharmacy for outpatients with cancer: An implementation evaluation of videoconsults compared to telephone consults using the CFIR 2.0.

Background: Medication history telepharmacy consults are conducted prior to patients commencing their systemic anti-cancer therapy. At the study institution, this has historically been carried out as an unscheduled telephone consult. However, due to challenges with telephone consults, a scheduled videoconsult model was established.

The importance of World Health Organization international reference standards in the product life cycle of biosimilars.

Technological advances in analytics, as well as scientific and regulatory knowledge and experience gained from biosimilar development/approvals over the last decade, enabled the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022 to revise its guidelines on the evaluation of biosimilars. Among the revisions, there is more reliance on analytical and functional aspects to prove similarity (and likely fewer clinical requirements). WHO international reference standards for biosimilars provide additional confidence to regulators looking for evidence- and data-based regulatory convergence in scientific and technical measures of quality attributes.

Brief report: incidence and outcomes of pediatric tracheal intubation-associated cardiac arrests in the ICU-RESUS clinical trial.

Background: Tracheal intubation (TI)-associated cardiac arrest (TI-CA) occurs in 1.7% of pediatric ICU TIs. Our objective was to evaluate resuscitation characteristics and outcomes between cardiac arrest patients with and without TI-CA.

Approach to the paediatric patient with suspected pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma versus neuroblastoma.

Catecholamine producing tumours of childhood include neuroblastic tumours, phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). PPGL and neuroblastic tumours can arise in similar anatomical locations and clinical presentations can overlap resulting in diagnostic challenges. Distinguishing between these tumour types is critical as management and long-term surveillance strategies differ depending on the diagnosis.