Theranostics Using MCM-41-Based Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Integrating Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Novel Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment.

Advanced breast cancer remains a significant oncological challenge, requiring new approaches to improve clinical outcomes. This study investigated an innovative theranostic agent using the MCM-41-NH-DTPA-Gd⁺-MIH nanomaterial, which combined MRI imaging for detection and a novel chemotherapy agent (MIH 2.4Bl) for treatment.

Evaluating the effectiveness of Mangrove rehabilitation: A novel approach for sustainable coastal management.

We used UAV-LiDAR technology and other advanced remote sensing techniques to evaluate mangrove rehabilitation projects along the eroding shoreline of the Upper Gulf of Thailand. Our results delineate the necessary biophysical conditions for successfully rehabilitating mangroves, establishing optimal conditions under which mangroves can naturally re-establish and thrive. Furthermore, we investigated the effectiveness of different coastal defense structures in fostering mangrove recolonization.

Trajectories of biomedical research leading to Nobel Prize-winning discoveries.

Significant advancements in public health come from scientific discoveries, but more are needed to meet the ever-growing societal needs. Examining the best practices of outstanding scientists may help develop future researchers and lead to more discoveries. This study compared the comprehensive work of 49 Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 2000 to 2019 to a matched control of National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded biomedical investigators.

Dissecting quantitative trait nucleotides by saturation genome editing.

Genome editing technologies have the potential to transform our understanding of how genetic variation gives rise to complex traits through the systematic engineering and phenotypic characterization of genetic variants. However, there has yet to be a system with sufficient efficiency, fidelity, and throughput to comprehensively identify causal variants at the genome scale. Here we explored the ability of templated CRISPR editing systems to install natural variants genome-wide in budding yeast.

Genetic Silencing of AKT Induces Melanoma Cell Death via mTOR Suppression.

Aberrant activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway is common in many cancers, including melanoma, and AKT1, 2 and 3 (AKT1-3) are bona fide oncoprotein kinases with well-validated downstream effectors. However, efforts to pharmacologically inhibit AKT have proven to be largely ineffective. In this study, we observed paradoxical effects following either pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of AKT1-3 in melanoma cells.

The effect of selected rest break activities on reaction time, balance, and perceived discomfort after one hour of simulated occupational whole-body vibration exposure in healthy adults.

Materials & Methods: Eleven healthy adults participated in four 1-hour sessions of ecologically valid WBV exposure followed by one of four 5-minute activities: sitting, walking, 2 min of gaze stabilization exercise (GSE) coupled with 3 min of trunk mobility exercise (GSE + MOBIL), or 2 min of GSE coupled with a 3-minute walk (GSE + WALK). Baseline and post-activity measurements (rating of perceived discomfort, balance and postural sway measurements, 5-minute psychomotor vigilance task test) were submitted to a paired t-test to determine the effect of WBV exposure and activities on physical, cognitive, and sensorimotor systems and to a repeated measures ANOVA to determine any differences across activities.

Results: We observed degradation of the slowest 10% reaction speed outcomes between baseline and post-activity after walking (7.

Mannose-Coated Reconstituted Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for the Targeting of Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Optimization, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Effectiveness.

Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles (rHDL NPs) have been utilized as delivery vehicles to a variety of targets, including cancer cells. However, the modification of rHDL NPs for the targeting of the pro-tumoral tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) remains largely unexplored. The presence of mannose on nanoparticles can facilitate the targeting of TAMs which highly express the mannose receptor at their surface.

A phase I open-label study of the safety and efficacy of apatinib (rivoceranib) administered to patients with advanced malignancies to improve sensitivity to pembrolizumab in the second- or later-line setting (APPEASE).

Objective: APPEASE is a phase I study to assess the safety, dosing, and efficacy of rivoceranib (a selective, small-molecule inhibitor of VEGFR2) in combination with pembrolizumab. We aimed to treat patients with metastatic malignancies who have progressed through at least first-line therapy, with pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks, as well as escalating doses of rivoceranib until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Results: Five patients were enrolled on the starting dose of rivoceranib 300 mg once daily.

Effectiveness of grey and green engineered solutions for protecting the low-lying muddy coast of the Chao Phraya Delta, Thailand.

Coastal protection measures can be categorized into grey and green solutions in terms of their ecosystem impacts. As the use of grey solutions has become a serious issue due to environmental consequences during the last few decades, green/nature-based solutions have become prioritized. This study evaluates the effectiveness of grey and green solutions applied along the eastern Chao Phraya Delta (ECPD) based on historical shoreline change analysis and coastal observations using Light Detection and Ranging technology.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on National Institutes of Health-Funded Researchers and Their Projects: The Role of Age, Sex, Experience, and Team Size.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social life, work environment, and well-being of millions of people. We examined COVID-19's impact on National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded extramural principal investigators (PIs) affiliated with public health and preventive medicine departments across the country and their projects; assessed PIs' confidence in achieving project goals; and investigated the role of age, sex, experience, and team size on PIs' confidence in achieving project goals during the pandemic.

Methods: We sent an anonymous online survey in January 2021 to 1076 extramural PIs affiliated with public health and preventive medicine departments at US institutions; 133 (12.

A global assessment of the mixed layer in coastal sediments and implications for carbon storage.

The sediment-water interface in the coastal ocean is a highly dynamic zone controlling biogeochemical fluxes of greenhouse gases, nutrients, and metals. Processes in the sediment mixed layer (SML) control the transfer and reactivity of both particulate and dissolved matter in coastal interfaces. Here we map the global distribution of the coastal SML based on excess Pb (Pb) profiles and then use a neural network model to upscale these observations.

Mobile stroke care expedites intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy.

Background: The number of mobile stroke programmes has increased with evidence, showing they expedite intravenous thrombolysis. Outstanding questions include whether time savings extend to patients eligible for endovascular therapy and impact clinical outcomes.

Objective: Our mobile stroke unit (MSU), based at an academic medical centre in upstate New York, launched in October 2018.

Prior Exposure to Coxsackievirus A21 Does Not Mitigate Oncolytic Therapeutic Efficacy.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are being developed as a type of immunotherapy and have demonstrated durable tumor responses and clinical efficacy. One such OV, Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), exhibited therapeutic efficacy in early phase clinical trials, demonstrating the ability to infect and kill cancer cells and stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. However, one of the major concerns in using this common cold virus as a therapeutic is the potential for innate and adaptive immune responses to mitigate the benefits of viral infection, particularly in individuals that have been exposed to coxsackievirus prior to treatment.

Nutrient-rich submarine groundwater discharge fuels the largest green tide in the world.

One of the largest "green tide" (Ulva prolifera) outbreaks in the world has occurred every year from 2007 to present in the Southern Yellow Sea, China. Currently, the coastal area around Jiangsu Province (Subei Shoal region) is thought to be the origination point of these giant green tide blooms. The combination of high nutrient demand but low river discharge and other inputs suggests that there is a significant flux of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in this area.

An analysis of the factors responsible for the shoreline retreat of the Chao Phraya Delta (Thailand).

Deltas are inherently low-lying structures and thus subject to large threats due to sea level rise, erosion and other coastal processes. The shorelines in many deltas around the world are now retreating and most cases appear to result from a decreasing sediment supply as a consequence of upstream dam construction. We present here results of an investigation of riverine sediment fluxes, coastal retreat, and coastal sediment accumulation in the Chao Phraya River and Delta (Thailand).

Does submarine groundwater discharge contribute to summer hypoxia in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary?

The Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary (CJE) is one of the largest and most intense seasonal hypoxic zones in the world. Here we examine the possibility that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) may contribute to the summer hypoxia. Spatial distributions of bottom water Rn suggest a hotspot discharge area in the northern section of the CJE.

ASA Suppresses PGE in Plasma and Melanocytic Nevi of Human Subjects at Increased Risk for Melanoma.

Potential anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects of aspirin (ASA) may be suitable for melanoma chemoprevention, but defining biomarkers in relevant target tissues is prerequisite to performing randomized controlled chemoprevention trials. We conducted open-label studies with ASA in 53 human subjects with melanocytic nevi at increased risk for melanoma. In a pilot study, 12 subjects received a single dose (325 mg) of ASA; metabolites salicylate, salicylurate, and gentisic acid were detected in plasma after 4-8 h, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE) was suppressed in both plasma and nevi for up to 24 h.

Tracing underground sources of pollution to coastal waters off Map Ta Phut, Rayong, Thailand.

We explored the possibility that an underground pathway, "submarine groundwater discharge" (SGD), may contribute to the observed coastal contamination from a large industrial complex on the Gulf of Thailand. Three surveys were performed to map the area for the natural groundwater tracers radon, thoron and salinity. The results from all three surveys were internally consistent showing a point source adjacent to a large pier that serves the complex.

Knee osteoarthritis patients with more subchondral cysts have altered tibial subchondral bone mineral density.

Background: Subchondral bone cysts are a widely observed, but poorly understood, feature in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Clinical quantitative computed tomography (QCT) has the potential to characterize cysts in vivo but it is unclear which specific cyst parameters (e.g.

In vitro mechanical evaluation of three transfixation pin-cast constructs applied to equine forelimbs.

OBJECTIVE To compare strain at the bone-pin and cast-pin interfaces among 3 transfixation pin-cast constructs applied to equine forelimbs. ANIMALS 15 forelimbs from 15 adult horses. PROCEDURES Limbs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 constructs.

Radium isotopes-suspended sediment relationships in a muddy river.

Radium isotopes are known to be excellent geochemical tracers for study of oceanographic processes. We show here that radium isotopes can also be used to assess adsorption/desorption and transport processes in rivers. The Yellow River (Huanghe), one of the longest, most turbid and heavily regulated rivers in the world, is used as an example.

Multiplexed precision genome editing with trackable genomic barcodes in yeast.

Our understanding of how genotype controls phenotype is limited by the scale at which we can precisely alter the genome and assess the phenotypic consequences of each perturbation. Here we describe a CRISPR-Cas9-based method for multiplexed accurate genome editing with short, trackable, integrated cellular barcodes (MAGESTIC) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MAGESTIC uses array-synthesized guide-donor oligos for plasmid-based high-throughput editing and features genomic barcode integration to prevent plasmid barcode loss and to enable robust phenotyping.

Proximal tibial trabecular bone mineral density is related to pain in patients with osteoarthritis.

Background: Our objective was to examine the relationships between proximal tibial trabecular (epiphyseal and metaphyseal) bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoarthritis (OA)-related pain in patients with severe knee OA.

Methods: The knee was scanned preoperatively using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in 42 patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. OA severity was classified using radiographic Kellgren-Lawrence scoring and pain was measured using the pain subsection of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC).

Applications of radon and radium isotopes to determine submarine groundwater discharge and flushing times in Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil.

Todos os Santos Bay (BTS) is the 2nd largest bay in Brazil and an important resource for the people of the State of Bahia. We made measurements of radon and radium in selected areas of the bay to evaluate if these tracers could provide estimates of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and flushing times of the Paraguaçu Estuary and BTS. We found that there were a few areas along the eastern and northeastern shorelines that displayed relatively high radon and low salinities, indicating possible sites of enhanced SGD.