Immunofluorescent detection of bovine papillomavirus E4 antigen in the cytoplasm of cells permissive in vitro for viral DNA amplification.

The E4 gene of several human papillomavirus types is expressed in association with vegetative viral DNA synthesis in differentiated epidermal cells. To develop reagents to study expression of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E4 gene in warts and in virus-transformed cell lines, rabbit polyclonal antiserum was raised to the BPV-1 E4 antigen produced as a fusion polypeptide in Escherichia coli. By immunoblotting analysis of productively infected bovine fibropapilloma tissue, E4-related proteins of 16K, 21K, 30K and 42K were detected.

Intestinal vitamin D-dependent calbindin-D9k and alkaline phosphatase in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Intestinal Ca2+ malabsorption has been described in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), but the molecular basis for this defect is unknown. In this study, we measured intestinal alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D-dependent Ca(2+)-binding protein (calbindin-D9k), two proteins implicated in the active pathway of intestinal Ca2+ absorption. Both proteins were measured in the small intestines of SHRs and their normotensive controls, Wistar-Kyoto rats, before, during, and after development of hypertension (4, 9, 14, 18, and 28 wk of age).

Characterization of bovine papillomavirus E1 region deletion mutants associated with neoplastic transformation in a murine cell line.

Spontaneous focus formation in the contact-inhibited C127 cell line, cl.2, harbouring multiple copies of a bovine papillomavirus type 1 deletion mutant, was associated with the evolution of further viral genomic deletions in addition to an amplification of the viral genome copy number. Three simple frameshift deletions of 308, 605 and 1291 bp, associated with separate transformation events, were mapped within the E1 open reading frame, implying a common mechanism of spontaneous transformation in this cell line.

Confirmation of endosonographic detection of external anal sphincter defects by simultaneous electromyographic mapping.

Anal endosonography was performed in 13 consecutive patients with post-traumatic faecal incontinence. Thirteen acoustic defects in the external anal sphincter (two hyperechoic, four of mixed echogenicity and seven hypoechoic) were analysed electromyographically by locating under ultrasound guidance the tip of a concentric needle within the defect. The electromyographic activity in this zone was compared with ultrasonically normal muscle.

Comparison between anal endosonography and digital examination in the evaluation of anal fistulae.

A prospective trial was performed comparing the accuracy of digital examination and anal endosonography in defining the anatomy of anal fistulae. Before operation 38 consecutive patients were assessed by the consultant in charge of the case, by a research fellow and by anal endosonography involving two radiologists. These findings were compared with the operative findings.

Unsuspected sphincter damage following childbirth revealed by anal endosonography.

Anal endosonography was performed in 62 consecutive patients with incontinence of flatus or faeces following obstetric trauma, and in 18 parous controls. Of the incontinent group, 90% had defects in the external sphincter, 65% in the internal sphincter and 44% disruption of the perineal body, compared with none of the controls. This triad of lesions is pathognomonic of obstetric trauma.

Endosonographic variations in the normal internal anal sphincter.

Anal endosonography provides clear images of the internal anal sphincter. Forty-two controls have been studied to establish a range for thickness and echogenicity of the normal internal sphincter, and any physical correlate for these observations. No relationship was found between the thickness of the internal anal sphincter and body weight, height or gender, but there was a significant correlation for thickness with age (p less than 0.

Induction of bovine papillomavirus E2 gene expression and early region transcription by cell growth arrest: correlation with viral DNA amplification and evidence for differential promoter induction.

The bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) genome replicates as a latent plasmid in mouse C127 cells transformed in vitro by the virus. However, we have recently shown that BPV-1 DNA amplification can be induced in a subpopulation of cells under culture conditions which suppress cell proliferation, a finding which led us to hypothesize that expression of a viral replication factor was regulated by cell growth stage. In this report, we describe the detection in these cells of abundant BPV-1 nuclear E2 antigen by immunofluorescence analysis.

Effects of six months of clozapine treatment on the quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients.

The effect of approximately six months of treatment with clozapine on the quality of life of 38 treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients was prospectively studied in an open trial. The Quality of Life Scale was used to provide an objective measure of changes in patients' psychosocial functioning. Significant improvement was noted on all four factors of the scale.

The presence and estrogen control of immunoreactive calbindin-D9k in the fallopian tube of the rat.

The present study was undertaken to localize and investigate the endocrine control of immunoreactive 9K calbindin-D9k in the fallopian tube (oviduct) of the rat. Rat fallopian tubes were excised with the uterus, immediately fixed by freeze-substitution, and processed for immunoperoxidase staining. Staining employed a rabbit antiserum against purified rat intestinal calbindin-D9k and the streptavidin-biotin technique.

Clapping or percussion causes atelectasis in dogs and influences gas exchange.

We examined the effects of 10 min of lower lateral chest wall percussion with a mechanical percussor or hand clapping in groups of anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated supine dogs. Mechanical percussion was applied at 10-16 Hz and caused an esophageal pressure swing (delta Pes) of 10-17 cmH2O. Hand clapping was applied at 4-7 Hz and caused a delta Pes of 6-17 cmH2O.

Gestational changes in calbindin-D9k in rat uterus, yolk sac, and placenta: implications for maternal-fetal calcium transport and uterine muscle function.

Calbindin-D9k was quantified and its cellular location was defined in uterus, yolk sac, and placenta. In late gestation (days 17 to term) coordinated induction of calbindin-D9k was seen in uterine epithelial lining cells and juxtaposed yolk sac visceral epithelium as well as the intraplacental yolk sac epithelium. The induction of calbindin-D9k in these cells coincided with the time of exponential fetal bone growth and maximal fetal accumulation of calcium, suggesting a role of the protein in these epithelial layers in maternal-fetal calcium transport.

Loss of bovine papillomavirus DNA replication control in growth-arrested transformed cells.

The bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) genome replicates as a plasmid within the nuclei of BPV-1-transformed murine C127 cells at a constant multiple copy number, and spontaneous amplification of the viral DNA is rarely observed. We report here that a mutant BPV-1 plasmid within a contact-inhibited C127 cell line replicated as a stable multicopy plasmid in exponentially growing cells but amplified to a high level in confluent cell culture. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that most of the mutant viral DNA amplification occurred in a minor subpopulation of cells within the culture.

Evidence for multiple vegetative DNA replication origins and alternative replication mechanisms of bovine papillomavirus type 1.

By following up the chance detection in the electron microscope of a DNA replication intermediate within a preparation of bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) DNA isolated from purified virus particles, information was obtained about the mechanism of BPV-1 genome replication during the final stages of virus multiplication in naturally infected bovine wart tissue. The structure of viral replication intermediates was investigated by electron microscopic analysis of viral DNA linearized by digestion with restriction endonucleases which cleave the circular BPV-1 chromosome at defined sites. Both Cairns and rolling circle-type molecules were identified.

A prospective study of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. I. Preliminary report.

Preliminary results of a non-blinded prospective study of the effect of clozapine on symptomatology and social function in 51 treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients are reported. The mean duration of treatment at the time of this report was 10.3 +/- 8.

A novel spontaneous mutation of the bovine papillomavirus-1 genome.

A cell clone (cl.2) having an atypical transformed morphology was isolated from a murine C127 cell culture experimentally infected with a bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) virion preparation. cl.

Compromised wound repair caused by perioperative use of ibuprofen.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to inhibit inflammation, an integral part of the wound-healing process. Compromised wound repair has been demonstrated in laboratory animals administered high-dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a phenomenon we speculate could occur in humans undergoing surgery. We report a dramatic case of impaired wound healing in a patient ingesting high-dose perioperative ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: report from the European Cooperative Group for bone marrow transplantation (8 cases).

Allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was performed in 8 patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): 6 males and 2 females with a median age of 41 years (37 to 46). Seven patients were resistant to previous therapy and were grafted in the evolutive phase. Only 1 patient was grafted without any previous treatment.

Messenger RNAs from the E1 region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 detected in virus-infected bovine cells.

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 DNA replicated to a high copy number in virus-infected bovine fibroblasts. Infected bovine cells were therefore used as a source of RNA for Northern blotting analysis to search for viral transcripts hybridizing to the E1 gene region, implicated in viral DNA replication. Cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA preparations contained at least five different E1-region transcripts, ranging from 1200 to approximately 4500 nucleotides in length.