Dataset, including a photo-guide, of alien plants sold in traditional medicine markets and healthcare outlets in three South African cities, specifically by traders of Indian, West African, East African, and Chinese origin.

This dataset is a an inventory of 475 alien plant taxa (447 identified to species), including a photo-guide to 96 plants, mostly sold as traditional medicines in three South African cities by traders of South African, West African, East African, Indian and Chinese origin (Williams et al., 2021). The dataset also incorporates species documented in a literature survey of alien plants used for traditional medicines in South Africa.

The implementation road: engaging community partnerships in evidence-based cancer control interventions.

Southern rural and underserved counties have high proportions of individuals with increased mortality for cervical and breast cancers. To improve the integration of behavioral research into practice, the dissemination and implementation of efficacious interventions to encourage the use of screening have increased in recent years. This study addressed gaps in the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions with a pilot called Team Up.

Multilevel interventions: measurement and measures.

Background: Multilevel intervention research holds the promise of more accurately representing real-life situations and, thus, with proper research design and measurement approaches, facilitating effective and efficient resolution of health-care system challenges. However, taking a multilevel approach to cancer care interventions creates both measurement challenges and opportunities.

Methods: One-thousand seventy two cancer care articles from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed to examine the state of measurement in the multilevel intervention cancer care literature.

Interventions to promote colorectal cancer screening: an integrative review.

Behavior change interventions to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) screening have targeted people in community and primary care settings, health care providers, and health systems. Randomized controlled trials provide the strongest evidence of intervention efficacy. The purpose of this integrative review was to evaluate trials of CRC screening interventions published between 1997 and 2007 and to identify knowledge gaps and future directions for research.

Prevalence of cancer screening in older, racially diverse adults: still screening after all these years.

Background: While a great deal is known about cancer screening behaviors and trends in young and middle-aged adults, little is known about screening behaviors in older adults from different racial backgrounds. Our goal was to establish prevalence estimates and correlates of cancer screening, including physician recommendation in older (≥75 years), racially diverse adults.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the National Health Interview Survey--an annual, in-person, nationwide survey used to track health trends in US civilians.

Identification and characterization of the cell surface 70-kilodalton sialoglycoprotein(s) as a candidate receptor for encephalomyocarditis virus on human nucleated cells.

The attachment of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus to human nucleated cells susceptible to virus infection was examined with HeLa and K562 cell lines. Both cell types showed specific virus binding competitively blocked by unlabeled virions. The number of binding sites for EMC virus on HeLa and K562 cells were approximately 1.

Persistent infection of K562 cells by encephalomyocarditis virus.

Infection of human erythroleukemic K562 cells by encephalomyocarditis virus readily resulted in establishment of persistently infected cultures. In contrast to the usual typical lytic infection by encephalomyocarditis virus, in which trypan blue staining of cells reaches close to 100% by about 15 h postinfection, K562 cell cultures required 3 to 4 days postinfection to reach a maximum of about 80 to 90% cell staining. The proportion of K562 cells taking up stain gradually decreased to about 10% of those present by about 13 days postinfection; during this time, virus yield per day measured by either plaque or hemagglutination titration fell about 10-fold.

Evidence for a direct role for sialic acid in the attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus to human erythrocytes.

Sialic acid residues are required in cellular receptors for many different mammalian viruses. Sialic acid could have a direct role, being an integral part of the virus binding site on the receptor. Alternatively, negatively charged sialic acid could have an indirect role, being responsible for holding the receptor in the required configuration for virus recognition, for instance, by interacting with positively charged amino acid residues found in the polypeptide chain of receptors.

The mechanism of production of multiple mRNAs for human glycophorin A.

The major sialoglycoprotein in the human red cell surface membrane, glycophorin A is encoded by a single gene. However, this gene gives rise to three species of glycophorin A mRNA of sizes about 1.0, 1.

Genetic stability of Ross River virus during epidemic spread in nonimmune humans.

We have examined the rate of evolution of Ross River virus, a mosquito-borne RNA virus, during epidemic spread through tens of thousands of nonimmune humans over a period of 10 months. Two regions of the Ross River virus genome were sequenced: the E2 gene (1.2 kb in length), which encodes the major neutralization determinant of the virus, and 0.

Analysis of the bond between encephalomyocarditis virus and its human erythrocyte receptor by affinity chromatography on virus-sepharose columns.

Affinity chromatography was used to analyse the bond between encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and glycophorin, the receptor for EMC virus on human erythrocytes. Between 60 and 80% of glycophorin added to virus-Sepharose columns was retained compared with 10 to 20% retention on glycine-Sepharose columns. Elution with 0.

Aggregation of encephalomyocarditis virus induced by radio-iodination.

Radio-iodination causes encephalomyocarditis virus to behave aberrantly when examined by affinity chromatography and to sediment rapidly during analysis on sucrose density gradients suggesting that aggregation had taken place. The change in physical properties of the virus occurred whether iodination was carried out with 125I or 131I, with radio-iodine from two different sources, or using two different iodination procedures. The changes were not observed in virus subjected to an iodination procedure in the absence of radio-iodine suggesting that modification of tyrosine residues was involved rather than a side reaction such as amino acid oxidation.

Site of attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus on human erythrocytes.

Previous studies of the attachment of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus to human erythrocytes concluded that the glycophorins, a family of human erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins, act as EMC virus receptors. Evidence is presented that the major glycophorin species, glycophorin A, is the receptor for EMC virus attachment to human erythrocytes. Comparison of the structures of glycophorins A and B and sialoglycopeptides released by chymotrypsin and trypsin treatment of erythrocytes confirmed our previous suggestion (A.

A sialoglycopeptide from human erythrocytes with receptor-like properties for encephalomyocarditis and influenza viruses.

Encephalomyocarditis and influenza viruses attach to human erythrocytes causing haemagglutination. The receptor for both viruses on these cells is the major membrane sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin, solubilized preparations of which inhibit haemagglutination by either virus. We show here that glycophorin preparations inhibited haemagglutination of both viruses, even after the preparations were digested with chymotrypsin.

Chromatofocusing of sialoglycoproteins.

Sialoglycoproteins of different sialic acid contents have been separated from each other by chromatofocusing on the ion exchanger PBE 94 using gradients of pH 4.00 down to pH 1.00.

Ethics: boards address issues beyond allocation of resources.

Unprecedented advances in medical technology can save lives, but they also produce complex ethical questions for providers, patients, and government alike. What is the value of human life? When, if ever, is a life not worth saving? In which expensive technologies should limited resources be invested? These questions are reaching into the boardroom as trustees seek to shape institutional policy and help practitioners with the life and death decisions they face.

The interaction of encephalomyocarditis virus with its erythrocyte receptor on affinity chromatography columns.

Glycophorin, the major sialoglycoprotein in the human erythrocyte surface membrane, can serve as a red cell receptor for both wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) and encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus since glycophorin bound to WGA--Sepharose can at the same time bind EMC virus. In contrast, glycophorin bound to WGA--Sepharose cannot bind EMC virus in the presence of SDS. The evidence suggests that virus binding to glycophorin-WGA--Sepharose occurred in the absence of SDS because glycophorin was present in aggregated complexes which were large enough either to accommodate both EMC virus and WGA at the same time, or alternatively to provide sufficient attachment sites for multivalent binding of virions.

Effect of enzymes on the attachment of influenza and encephalomyocarditis viruses to erythrocytes.

Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) and influenza viruses attach to human erythrocytes causing haemagglutination of the cells. Sialoglycoproteins, containing predominantly glycophorin A, from these cells behave as soluble virus receptors and inhibit haemagglutination by both viruses. Removal of 43% of the sialic acid from erythrocytes with neuraminidase prevented their haemagglutination by EMC virus loss of 40% of glycophorin sialic acid destroyed its inhibitory properties against this virus.

Polyamines in encephalomyocarditis virus.

Encephalomyocarditis virus contains approximately 200 molecules of putrescine, 100 molecules of spermidine, and 40 molecules of spermine which could neutralize 11% of the viral genome. The same polyamines are present in different proportions in the Krebs ascites tumor cell in which the virus was grown.

Preparation of erythrocyte receptors for viruses by affinity chromatography.

A comparatively simple method for the purification of human erythrocyte receptors for encephalomyocarditis and influenza viruses is described. The procedure utilises the fact that these viruses share in common the erythrocyte receptor for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), which enables commercially available WGA-Sepharose to be used in the purification of receptors for these viruses by affinity chromatography. Conditions are also described for introducing either 125I into the receptor in situ, or 3H-acetyl residues into the solubilised receptor.