Descriptive and Content Analysis of Questionnaires Used to Assess Evidence-Based Practice Among Dietitians: A Systematic Review.

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is described as the integration of the following 3 main dimensions in health professionals' decision making: best currently available research evidence, professional expertise, and patient's values and circumstances. Barriers to EBP at an individual level have been assessed using questionnaires. Knowing which EBP dimensions are actually explored in these questionnaires is essential to promote EBP and its adoption.

Automatic Detection of Adverse Drug Events in Geriatric Care: Study Proposal.

Background: One-third of older inpatients experience adverse drug events (ADEs), which increase their mortality, morbidity, and health care use and costs. In particular, antithrombotic drugs are among the most at-risk medications for this population. Reporting systems have been implemented at the national, regional, and provider levels to monitor ADEs and design prevention strategies.

[New technology of diabetes management: learning together and in situation].

The introduction of a new technology for the management of diabetes raises questions about their actual use. This is the case with the Freestyle Libre sensor, a tool that measures the interstitial glucose levels. Some studies have provided recommendations about its use, but little is known about how users learn to use it in the daily management of the disease.

Development and validation of a knowledge-based score to predict Fried's frailty phenotype across multiple settings using one-year hospital discharge data: The electronic frailty score.

Background: Most claims-based frailty instruments have been designed for group stratification of older populations according to the risk of adverse health outcomes and not frailty itself. We aimed to develop and validate a tool based on one-year hospital discharge data for stratification on Fried's frailty phenotype (FP).

Methods: We used a three-stage development/validation approach.

Are mind-body therapies effective for relieving cancer-related pain in adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess whether mind-body therapies are effective for relieving cancer-related pain in adults, since at least one-third of adults with cancer are affected by moderate or severe pain.

Methods: We searched for all randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that included adults (≥18 years) with cancer-related pain who were treated with mind-body therapies (mindfulness, hypnosis, yoga, guided imagery, and progressive muscle relaxation) in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science Citation Index, Web of Science, trials registers, and reference lists. The primary outcome was pain intensity.

Role of Health Professionals Regarding the Impact of Climate Change on Health-An Exploratory Review.

Health professionals are increasingly urged to act to protect individuals and populations against the negative effects of climate and environment change on health. However, the amount of evidence supporting initiatives to that end is unknown. We explored the literature examining the awareness, preparedness, and role of healthcare professionals to inform about the impact of climate change on health on the one hand, and literature about the effectiveness of interventions mediated by health professionals aiming at reducing the environmental impact of human activities on the other hand.

Complementary and alternative medicine use by pediatric oncology patients before, during, and after treatment.

Background: The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and the modalities used by pediatric oncology patients vary widely across studies. In addition, the changes in the use of CAM over the course of treatment are understudied. Thus, this study aimed to explore (1) CAM use by pediatric oncology patients in relation to specific time intervals and (2) communication about CAM use between parents and oncologists.

Hospital discharge data is not accurate enough to monitor the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage.

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, cumulative incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage are commonly monitored within and compared across maternity hospitals or countries for obstetrical safety improvement. These indicators are usually based on hospital discharge data though their accuracy is seldom assessed.

Impact of a Swiss pressure ulcer prevention breakthrough collaborative.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Pressure ulcers may have severe impacts on the quality of life of patients, including pain, low mood and restrictions in performing daily life and social life activities. In Switzerland, 4% of patients develop hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. Six hospitals teamed up with the Vaud Hospital Federation (Switzerland) in a Breakthrough Collaborative, with the goal of reducing hospital-acquired pressure ulcers by 50%.

A multicentre study of the trend of adverse events during outpatient anaesthesia in Switzerland during 2000-2016.

Background: Over the last three decades, the use of outpatient surgery has been steadily increasing. Simultaneously, there has been an inciting movement to measure and improve healthcare quality and safety. Nevertheless, anaesthesia-related morbidity remains significant.

A cross-sectional study of Swiss ambulatory care services use by multimorbid patients in primary care in the light of the Andersen model.

Background: Multimorbidity is frequently encountered in primary care and is associated with increasing use of healthcare services. The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use is a multilevel framework classifying societal, contextual, and individual characteristics about the use of healthcare services into three categories: 1. predisposing factors, 2.

Osteopathy in the French-speaking part of Switzerland: Practitioners' profile and scope of back pain management.

Background: Osteopathy is commonly used for spinal pain, but knowledge about back pain management by osteopaths is scarce.

Objective: The aim of this study was to survey osteopaths across the French-speaking part of Switzerland about the scope of their practice and their management of patients with back pain.

Design: This cross-sectional observational study was based on an online survey conducted from March to June 2017.

Techno-social reconfigurations in diabetes (self-) care.

This article focuses on the ways in which a flash glucose monitoring system, FreeStyle Libre®, is introduced and used by people living with type 1 diabetes, their relatives and healthcare professionals. It draws on a multi-sited ethnography in a variety of clinical and daily situations, and on interviews with caregivers and people living with diabetes. We explore how the users develop knowledge-in-practice, and consider the use of self-management technologies to be largely dependent on locally grounded and situated care acts, and resulting from the relational, pragmatic and creative maneuvering of technology-in-practice.

A randomized trial of brief web-based prevention of unhealthy alcohol use: Participant self-selection compared to a male young adult source population.

Background: How much a randomized controlled trial (RCT) sample is representative of or differs from its source population is a challenging question, with major implications for generalizability of results. It is particularly crucial for freely-available web-based interventions tested in RCTs since they are designed to reach broad populations and could increase health disparities if they fail to reach the more vulnerable individuals. We assessed the representativeness of a sample of participants in a primary/secondary prevention web-based brief intervention RCT in relation to its source population.

Health outcomes of online consumer health information: A systematic mixed studies review with framework synthesis.

The Internet has become the first source of consumer health information. Most theoretical and empirical studies are centered on information needs and seeking, rather than on information outcomes. This review's purpose is to explore and explain health outcomes of Online Consumer Health Information (OCHI) in primary care.

Primary care patients' use of conventional and complementary medicine for chronic low back pain.

Purpose: To investigate among primary care patients and their physicians in western Switzerland the prevalence of use, perceived usefulness, and communication about common treatments for chronic or recurrent low back pain (crLBP) including complementary medicine (CM).

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional cluster observational study involving 499 crLBP patients visiting 45 primary care physicians (PCPs) was conducted from November 1, 2015, to May 31, 2016. Patients and primary care physicians completed questionnaires about lifetime use and usefulness of 30 crLBP therapies.

Knowledge Translation and Evidence-Based Practice: A Qualitative Study on Clinical Dietitians' Perceptions and Practices in Switzerland.

Background: Knowledge translation (KT) in health care is essential to promote quality of care and reduce the knowledge-to-practice gap. Little is known about KT among dietitians, and a better understanding of how this process pans out is fundamental to support their clinical practice.

Objective: To explore clinical dietitians' perceptions and practices concerning preferences and access to information sources in clinical practice, KT activities, research in nutrition and dietetics, and evidence-based practice (EBP).

Complementary Medicine Provision in an Academic Hospital: Evaluation and Structuring Project.

Complementary medicine (CM) has become increasingly available in hospital settings in several countries. Nonetheless, there are disparities in the provision and organization of CM between hospitals and even within a single hospital. This was the case at Lausanne University Hospital, where neither a registry of CM practices nor homogeneous guidelines for the provision of CM existed.

Complementary Medicine Use and Self-perceived Discrimination Among Asylum Seekers in Switzerland: A Cross-sectional Study.

Scarce data exist on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by asylum seekers in Switzerland and their perception of discrimination. A cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and type of CAM used by asylum seekers in one region of Switzerland and evaluated their self-perceived discrimination. Among the 61 asylum seekers who participated, lifetime prevalence of CAM use was 46%, with 28% reporting its use during the last year.

Family practitioners' top medical priorities when managing patients with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Managing multiple chronic and acute conditions in patients with multimorbidity requires setting medical priorities. How family practitioners (FPs) rank medical priorities between highly, moderately, or rarely prevalent chronic conditions (CCs) has never been described. The authors hypothesised that there was no relationship between the prevalence of CCs and their medical priority ranking in individual patients with multimorbidity.

Effects of Statins to Reduce All-Cause Mortality in Heart Failure Patients: Findings from the EPICAL2 Cohort Study.

Introduction: The addition of statins to standard care in heart failure (HF) patients remains controversial in clinical practice. Large-scale clinical trials failed to show mortality benefits, but uncertainty persists in real-world settings.

Objective: We evaluated whether the prescription of statins at hospital discharge is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality at up to 1 year of follow-up in HF patients.

Biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation.

Background: A possible strategy for increasing smoking cessation rates could be to provide smokers with feedback on the current or potential future biomedical effects of smoking using, for example, measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), lung function, or genetic susceptibility to lung cancer or other diseases.

Objectives: The main objective was to determine the efficacy of providing smokers with feedback on their exhaled CO measurement, spirometry results, atherosclerotic plaque imaging, and genetic susceptibility to smoking-related diseases in helping them to quit smoking.

Search Methods: For the most recent update, we searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register in March 2018 and ClinicalTrials.