Discovery of reproductive tissue-associated bacteria and the modes of microbiota acquisition in male honey bees (drones).

Unlabelled: Honey bees are the third most economically important agricultural animal in the world due to their role as pollinators. Honey bee pollination services and all hive duties are performed by female workers, while the male drones have one job to mate and share their genetics with a virgin queen from another colony. Thus, drone fitness is directly tied to queen success and colony survival, yet they have been severely understudied compared to their female counterparts.

A mutation in Themis contributes to anaphylaxis severity following oral peanut challenge in CC027 mice.

Background: The development of peanut allergy is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, although specific genes have proven difficult to identify. Previously, we reported that peanut-sensitized Collaborative Cross strain CC027/GeniUnc (CC027) mice develop anaphylaxis upon oral challenge to peanut, in contrast to C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the genetic basis of orally induced anaphylaxis to peanut in CC027 mice.

Inter- and intra-observer variability of radial-endobronchial ultrasound image interpretation for peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Background: Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) is often utilized in guided bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. R-EBUS probe positioning has been shown to correlate with diagnostic yield, but overall diagnostic yield with this technology has been inconsistent across the published literature. Currently there is no standardization for R-EBUS image interpretation, which may result in variability in grading concentricity of lesions and subsequently procedure performance.

Safety and efficacy of epicutaneous immunotherapy with DBV712 (peanut patch) in peanut allergy.

Introduction: DBV712 250 µg (also referred to as Viaskin Peanut or peanut patch; Viaskin is a trademark of DBV Technologies) is an innovative approach to epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT). The patch-based technology system facilitates peanut protein (allergen) absorption into the intact non-vascularized epidermis to promote desensitization to peanut while limiting systemic allergen exposure.

Areas Covered: Efficacy and safety in children have been evaluated in four completed phase 3 studies.

Concurrent transmission of multiple carbapenemases in a long-term acute-care hospital.

Objective: We investigated concurrent outbreaks of carrying (VIM-CRPA) and Enterobacterales carrying (KPC-CRE) at a long-term acute-care hospital (LTACH A).

Methods: We defined an incident case as the first detection of or from a patient's clinical cultures or colonization screening test. We reviewed medical records and performed infection control assessments, colonization screening, environmental sampling, and molecular characterization of carbapenemase-producing organisms from clinical and environmental sources by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing.

Desensitization and remission after peanut sublingual immunotherapy in 1- to 4-year-old peanut-allergic children: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Prior studies of peanut sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) have suggested a potential advantage with younger age at treatment initiation.

Objective: We studied the safety and efficacy of SLIT for peanut allergy in 1- to 4-year-old children.

Methods: Peanut-allergic 1- to 4-year-old children were randomized to receive 4 mg peanut SLIT versus placebo.

A mutation in contributes to peanut-induced oral anaphylaxis in CC027 mice.

Background: The development of peanut allergy is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, although specific genes have proven difficult to identify. Previously, we reported that peanut-sensitized CC027/GeniUnc (CC027) mice develop anaphylaxis upon oral challenge to peanut, unlike C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice.

Objective: To determine the genetic basis of orally-induced anaphylaxis to peanut in CC027 mice.

The changing virology and trends in resource utilization for bronchiolitis since COVID-19.

Background: Bronchiolitis is a viral respiratory illness most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). COVID-19 disrupted typical patterns of viral transmission. Our study aimed to compare low value care for bronchiolitis in a tertiary emergency department (ED) in the United States from March 2017 to March 2022.

A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Prospective Trial Assessing the Diagnostic Yield of Electromagnetic Bronchoscopic and Transthoracic Navigation for Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules.

Strict adherence to procedural protocols and diagnostic definitions is critical to understand the efficacy of new technologies. Electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) for lung nodule biopsy has been used for decades without a solid understanding of its efficacy, but offers the opportunity for simultaneous tissue acquisition via electromagnetic navigational transthoracic biopsy (EMN-TTNA) and staging via endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). To evaluate the diagnostic yield of EBUS, ENB, and EMN-TTNA during a single procedure using a strict definition of diagnostic yield with central pathology adjudication.

Pleural Fluid Resolution Is Associated with Improved Survival in Patients with Malignant Pleural Effusion.

Malignant pleural effusion is associated with a poor prognosis and, while risk stratification models exist, prior studies have not evaluated pleural fluid resolution and its association with survival. We performed a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with malignant pleural effusion between 2013 and 2017, evaluating patient demographics, pleural fluid and serum composition, and procedural and treatment data using Cox regression analysis to evaluate associations with survival. In total, 123 patients were included in the study, with median survival from diagnosis being 4.

Phase 3 Trial of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Toddlers with Peanut Allergy.

Background: No approved treatment for peanut allergy exists for children younger than 4 years of age, and the efficacy and safety of epicutaneous immunotherapy with a peanut patch in toddlers with peanut allergy are unknown.

Methods: We conducted this phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving children 1 to 3 years of age with peanut allergy confirmed by a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Patients who had an eliciting dose (the dose necessary to elicit an allergic reaction) of 300 mg or less of peanut protein were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive epicutaneous immunotherapy delivered by means of a peanut patch (intervention group) or to receive placebo administered daily for 12 months.

Open-label study of the efficacy, safety, and durability of peanut sublingual immunotherapy in peanut-allergic children.

Background: Studies on the efficacy of peanut sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are limited. The durability of desensitization after SLIT has not been well described.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4-mg peanut SLIT and persistence of desensitization after SLIT discontinuation.

System-level factors influencing refugee women's access and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services: A qualitative study of providers' perspectives.

Refugee women have poor outcomes and low utilization of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, which may be driven by access to and quality of SRH services at their resettled destinations. While healthcare providers offer valuable insights into these topics, little research has explored United States (U.S.

Alveolus analysis: a web browser-based tool to analyze lung intravital microscopy.

Background: Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by pulmonary inflammation, reduced endothelial barrier integrity and filling of the alveolar space with protein rich edema fluid and infiltrating leukocytes. Animal models are critical to uncovering the pathologic mechanisms of this devastating syndrome. Intravital imaging of the intact lung via two-photon intravital microscopy has proven a valuable method to investigate lung injury in small rodent models through characterization of inflammatory cells and vascular changes in real time.

Food-specific immunoglobulin A does not correlate with natural tolerance to peanut or egg allergens.

ImmunoglobulinA (IgA) is the predominant antibody isotype in the gut, where it regulates commensal flora and neutralizes toxins and pathogens. The function of food-specific IgA in the gut is unknown but is presumed to protect from food allergy. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that food-specific IgA binds ingested allergens and promotes tolerance by immune exclusion; however, the evidence to support this hypothesis is indirect and mixed.

Novel peanut-specific human IgE monoclonal antibodies enable screens for inhibitors of the effector phase in food allergy.

Background: 10% of US residents have food allergies, including 2% with peanut allergy. Mast cell mediators released during the allergy effector phase drive allergic reactions. Therefore, targeting sensitized mast cells may prevent food allergy symptoms.

Allergen recognition by specific effector Th2 cells enables IL-2-dependent activation of regulatory T-cell responses in humans.

Type 2 allergen-specific T cells are essential for the induction and maintenance of allergies to foods, and Tregs specific for these allergens are assumed to be involved in their resolution. However, it has not been convincingly demonstrated whether allergen-specific Treg responses are responsible for the generation of oral tolerance in humans. We observed that sustained food allergen exposure in the form of oral immunotherapy resulted in increased frequency of Tregs only in individuals with lasting clinical tolerance.

Peanut-Specific IgG4 and IgA in Saliva Are Modulated by Peanut Oral Immunotherapy.

Background: Antigen-specific immunoglobulin responses have yet to be studied at the oral mucosal surface during peanut oral immunotherapy (PnOIT).

Objective: We aimed to quantify salivary peanut-specific IgG4 (PNsIgG4) and IgA (PNsIgA) and total IgG4 and IgA in participants from the Immune Tolerance Network's IMPACT study, a phase 2 PnOIT trial.

Methods: Peanut-allergic children, aged 12 months to younger than 48 months at screening, were enrolled and randomized to PnOIT or placebo oral immunotherapy (OIT) for 134 weeks.

Important Advances in Pediatric Injury Prevention.

In children, injuries are the leading cause of death, a major source of disability, and the number one cause of death for children after the first year of life. The principles of injury prevention include surveillance, coalitions, communication, interventions, and evaluation. This article discusses a number of common pediatric injuries and their prevention strategies.

Targeting CD22 on memory B cells to induce tolerance to peanut allergens.

Background: Circulating IgE and subsequent severe allergic reactions to peanut are sustained and propagated by recall of peanut allergen-specific memory B cells.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether targeting mouse and human CD22 on peanut-specific memory B cells induces tolerance to peanut allergens.

Methods: Siglec-engaging tolerance-inducing antigenic liposomes (STALs) codisplaying peanut allergens (Ara h 1, Ara h 2, or Ara h 3) and high-affinity CD22 ligand (CD22L-STALs) were employed in various mouse models (BALB/cJ, C57BL/6, human CD22 transgenic, and NSG) of peanut allergy.