Improving survival models in healthcare: a novel matching approach.

We present, to our knowledge, the first methodological study aimed at enhancing the prognostic power of Cox regression models, widely used in survival analysis, through optimized data selection. Our approach employs a novel two-stage mechanism: by framing the prognostic stratum matching problem intuitively, we select prognostically representative patient observations to create a more balanced training set. This enables the model to assign equal attention to distinct prognostic subgroups.

Quantifying the Scope of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Writing in Orthopaedic Medical Literature: An Analysis of Prevalence and Validation of AI-Detection Software.

Introduction: The popularization of generative artificial intelligence (AI), including Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), has raised concerns for the integrity of academic literature. This study asked the following questions: (1) Has the popularization of publicly available generative AI, such as ChatGPT, increased the prevalence of AI-generated orthopaedic literature? (2) Can AI detectors accurately identify ChatGPT-generated text? (3) Are there associations between article characteristics and the likelihood that it was AI generated?

Methods: PubMed was searched across six major orthopaedic journals to identify articles received for publication after January 1, 2023. Two hundred and forty articles were randomly selected and entered into three popular AI detectors.

Development of a Composite Score Based on Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Dynamics to Predict Survival in Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9-Producing Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Neoadjuvant Treatment.

Purpose: Dynamics of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) often inform treatment decisions during and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, considerable dispute persists regarding the clinical relevance of specific CA19-9 thresholds and dynamics. Therefore, we aimed to define optimal thresholds for CA19-9 values and create a biochemically driven composite score to predict survival in CA19-9-producing patients with PDAC after NAT.

Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical intervention for patients who have seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA). However, there is a paucity of literature addressing the outcomes of THA specifically in SpA patients. This study aimed to investigate both the short-term and long-term systemic and orthopaedic outcomes of THA in SpA patients as a whole, as well as within the individual subtypes of SpA.

Poor Prognostic Factors in Long-Term Survivors of Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An International, Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective: To measure the rate of LTS in resected PDAC and determine the association between predictors of OS and LTS.

Summary Background Data: Long-term survival (>5 y, LTS) remains rare in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Multiple predictors of overall survival (OS) are known but their association with LTS remains unclear.

Patient-derived Organoid Pharmacotyping As A Predictive Tool for Therapeutic Selection in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Objective: We integrate a new approach to chemosensitivity data for clinically-relevant regimen matching, and demonstrate the relationship with clinical outcomes in a large PDO biobank.

Summary Background Data: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) usually recurs following potentially curative resection. Prior studies related patient-derived organoid (PDO) chemosensitivity with clinical responses.

Patellar tendon restoration techniques: a systematic review of outcomes for repair and reconstruction methods.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to delineate the various methods to repair or reconstruct the patellar tendon using the available literature.

Methods: MEDLINE and PubMed electronic databases were searched for English language clinical studies involving patellar tendon rupture repair or reconstruction that reported patient-reported outcome scores (PROS) between January 1st, 1953 and June 17th, 2021. Data was extracted on full text articles to collect functional outcome scores and rupture category, including acute, chronic, post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Hepatectomy versus systemic therapy for liver-limited BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal liver metastases: multicentre retrospective study.

Background: To date, only two studies have compared the outcomes of patients with liver-limited BRAF V600E-mutated colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) managed with resection versus systemic therapy alone, and these have reported contradictory findings.

Methods: In this observational, international, multicentre study, patients with liver-limited BRAF V600E-mutated CRLMs treated with resection or systemic therapy alone were identified from institutional databases. Patterns of recurrence/progression and overall survival were compared using multivariable analyses of the entire cohort and a propensity score-matched cohort.

Sociodemographic variation in the utilization of minimally invasive surgical approaches for pancreatic cancer.

Background: Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery (MIPS), when selectively utilized, has been shown to hasten recovery with outcomes comparable to open approaches, but access may not be equitable. This study explored variation in utilization of MIPS for pancreatic cancer.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried to identify patients diagnosed with a primary pancreatic neoplasm from 2010 to 2020.

How Prominent Are Gender Bias, Racial Bias, and Score Inflation in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Recommendation Letters? A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Letters of recommendation are considered an important factor in the holistic ranking of orthopaedic residency applications. The standardized letter of recommendation (SLOR) was introduced in 2017 in response to the inherent bias and limited comparative value of traditional LORs. It includes standardized questions about an applicant's orthopaedic qualifications, designed to enable fair comparisons among candidates.

Epidemiological Trends and Outcomes of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Among 104 Million Patients in the United States.

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for localized osteoarthritis. Recent advancements in UKA implant design and expanding patient criteria may have increased its utilization. However, few studies have examined the use of UKA in the United States.

Clinical Relevance of Cancerization of Ducts in Resected Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Although prevalent in 50%-90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, the clinical relevance of "cancerization of ducts" (COD) remains unknown.

Methods: Pathologists retrospectively reviewed slides classifying prevalence of COD. Histopathological parameters, location of first recurrence, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were collected from the institutional pancreatectomy registry.

In vivo CRISPR screening identifies geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a pancreatic cancer tumor growth dependency.

Objective: Cancer cells must maintain lipid supplies for their proliferation and do so by upregulating lipogenic gene programs. The sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) act as modulators of lipid homeostasis by acting as transcriptional activators of genes required for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and uptake. SREBPs have been recognized as chemotherapeutic targets in multiple cancers, however it is not well understood which SREBP target genes are essential for tumorigenesis.

In vivo CRISPR screening identifies geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a pancreatic cancer tumor growth dependency.

Cancer cells must maintain lipid supplies for their proliferation and do so by upregulating lipogenic gene programs. The sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) act as modulators of lipid homeostasis by acting as transcriptional activators of genes required for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and uptake. SREBPs have been recognized as chemotherapeutic targets in multiple cancers, however it is not well understood which SREBP target genes are essential for tumorigenesis.

Women's Representation as Principal Investigators Among Pediatric Orthopaedic Clinical Trials: An Analysis of ClinicalTrials.Gov.

Introduction: Despite recent efforts to increase the participation of women in orthopaedic surgery, there remains a gender gap, particularly when compared with other medical specialties. Acting as a principal investigator (PI) in a clinical trial can give physicians notable exposure and national recognition, which can improve their chances of promotion and tenure. This study aims to assess the proportion of women serving as PIs in pediatric orthopaedic clinical trials, examine associated trial characteristics, and explore geographic distribution.