Predictability of Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction Is Equal to Variance of Preoperative Manifest Refraction Measurement.

Purpose: To compare variance of manifest refraction (MR) measurement and variance of refractive outcomes after keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) in the same cohort.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients attending at least three preoperative refractions before undergoing KLEx. All manifest refractions were performed according to a standard protocol.

Increased inflammation in older high-pressure glaucoma mice.

Besides an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), advanced age is one of the most crucial risk factors for developing glaucoma. βB1-Connective Tissue Growth Factor (βB1-CTGF) high-pressure glaucoma mice were used in this study to assess whether glaucoma mice display more inflammatory and aging processes than age-matched controls. Therefore, 20-month-old βB1-CTGF and corresponding wildtype (WT) controls were examined.

Refractive Coupling Effects in Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction Procedures: A Machine Learning-Assisted Approach.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of refractive couplings in myopia and myopic astigmatism with two different keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) systems.

Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of refractive outcomes with two different lasers studying 2,841 eyes undergoing small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) (VisuMax 500; Carl Zeiss Meditec) and 2,528 eyes undergoing SmartSight (ATOS; SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH). Coupling effects (derived from the ratio between partial slopes) were determined for sphere and cylinder and for spherical equivalent, cardinal, and oblique astigmatism separately.

A New Small-Aperture Device Implanted on Top of the Intraocular Lens: Safety, Feasibility, and First Clinical Results.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and safety of a new small-aperture device, which is implanted on top of the intraocular lens.

Methods: Regular cataract surgery was performed in both eyes in 7 patients. In the non-dominant eye, a small-aperture device (VisionXtender; Morcher) was additionally implanted into the capsular bag at the end of the surgery.

Retinal debris triggers cytotoxic damage in cocultivated primary porcine RPE cells.

Introduction: One of the most common causes of vision loss in the elderly population worldwide is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Subsequently, the number of people affected by AMD is estimated to reach approximately 288 million by the year 2040. The aim of this study was to develop an model that simulates various aspects of the complex AMD pathogenesis.

[Cell loss in retinal ischemia is associated with increased necroptosis].

Background: Retinal ischemia plays a central pathophysiological role in numerous eye diseases, such as glaucoma. In addition to apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis and ferroptosis are among the cell death mechanisms of ischemia; however, their role is not clearly understood and controversially discussed.

Objective: The aim of this study is to gain an improved understanding of the role of alternative cell death mechanisms such as autophagy and necroptosis after retinal ischemia.

Detecting Keratoconus in Adolescents with Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: Assessing the applicability of an algorithm developed for keratoconus detection in adolescents. This algorithm relies on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and incorporates features related to corneal pachymetric and epithelial thickness alterations.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients under the age of 18 and divided them into four groups according to the Belin-Ambrosio display (Pentacam): normal, manifest, and subclinical keratoconus, as well as very asymmetric eye with normal topography and tomography (VAE-NTT).

Risk Factors for Re-treatment After Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction (KLEx) for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism.

Purpose: To identify potential risk factors that increase the likelihood of re-treatment following keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism who underwent KLEx using the VisuMax 500 laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec) between April 2015 and December 2020. Patients were assigned to one of two groups: the control group and the re-treatment group (if they had additional refractive surgery within 2 years of the primary treatment).

Protection against Oxidative Stress by Coenzyme Q10 in a Porcine Retinal Degeneration Model.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma. Therefore, we analyzed if the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is also commercially available, can prevent retinal degeneration induced by hydrogen peroxide (HO) in a porcine organ culture model. Retinal explants were cultivated for eight days, and HO (500 µM, 3 h) induced the oxidative damage.

Long-term astigmatism after intraocular pressure sensor implantation and nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery: EYEMATE-SC trial.

Purpose: To investigate long-term astigmatism after combined nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) and implantation of the first miniaturized suprachoroidal intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor EYEMATE-SC.

Setting: The study was conducted in 5 medical centers in 2 different countries.

Design: Retrospective multicenter clinical study.

In a novel autoimmune and high-pressure glaucoma model a complex immune response is induced.

Background: The neurodegenerative processes leading to glaucoma are complex. In addition to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), an involvement of immunological mechanisms is most likely. In the new multifactorial glaucoma model, a combination of high IOP and optic nerve antigen (ONA) immunization leads to an enhanced loss of retinal ganglion cells accompanied by a higher number of microglia/macrophages in the inner retina.

Glaucoma Animal Models beyond Chronic IOP Increase.

Glaucoma is a complex and multifactorial disease defined as the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Besides an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), other mechanisms play a pivotal role in glaucoma onset and progression. For example, it is known that excitotoxicity, immunological alterations, ischemia, and oxidative stress contribute to the neurodegeneration in glaucoma disease.

The Influence of Lens Position, Vault Prediction, and Posterior Cornea on Phakic Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Power.

Background: Achieving precise refractive outcomes in phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation is crucial for patient satisfaction. This study investigates factors affecting pIOL power calculations, focusing on myopic eyes, and evaluates the potential benefits of advanced predictive models.

Design: Retrospective, single-center, algorithm improvement study.

Two-Year Performance and Safety Results of the MINIject Supraciliary Implant in Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Meta-Analysis of the STAR-I, II, III Trials.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance and safety of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery with a supraciliary drainage device (MINIject; iSTAR Medical, Wavre, Belgium) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) as a stand-alone procedure.

Design: Meta-analysis.

Methods: At 11 sites in Colombia, France, Germany, India, Panama, and Spain, 82 patients were treated in 3 prospective, multicenter, interventional, nonrandomized trials (STAR-I, II, III).

Comparison of toric intraocular lens alignment between femtosecond laser-assisted capsular marking and digital marking.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of toric intraocular lens (IOL) alignment between femtosecond laser-assisted capsular marking and digital marking.

Setting: Ruhr University Eye Clinic, Bochum, Germany.

Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Investigation of Inter- and Intra-Day Variability of Tear Fluid Regarding Flow Rate, Protein Concentration as well as Protein Composition.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present the determination of inter- and intra-day variations in tear flow rate, and tear fluid protein concentration, as well as protein composition regarding their impact for future biomarker studies.

Methods: Tear fluid was collected noninvasively from 18 healthy subjects by performing Schirmer tests at 4 different time points repetitive in a period of 2 days. The tear flow rate on the Schirmer test strips was measured.

Capsular phimosis with intraocular lens tilt and decentration.

A 34-year-old woman with quiescent bilateral intermediate uveitis maintained on once-daily dexamethasone 0.1% eyedrops, complicated by left cataract and glaucoma controlled with a single antiglaucoma medication, presented for cataract surgery. Her left corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 because of a posterior subcapsular lens opacity.

HSP27 induced glaucomatous damage in mice of young and advanced age.

Introduction: Age-related diseases such as glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness, are having an upward trend due to an aging society. In glaucoma, some patients display altered antibody profiles and increased antibody titers, for example against heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). An intravitreal injection of HSP27 leads to glaucoma-like damage in rats.

Changes of Subjective Symptoms and Tear Film Biomarkers Following Lenticule Extraction.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of lenticule extraction on subjective symptoms and objective biomarkers of dry eye and to clarify relationships between markers and find indicators for subjective symptoms after lenticule extraction.

Methods: Right eyes of myopic patients undergoing lenticule extraction surgery (n = 35) were examined preoperatively and 5 and 90 days postoperatively using established clinical dry eye examination methods (tear film break-up time [BUT], Schirmer test, lissamine green and fluorescein staining, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire). A patient subset was also examined after 1 year (n = 14).

Etiology of Idiopathic Macular Holes in the Light of Estrogen Hormone.

The aim of this review was to identify a new potential explanation for the development of macular holes in relation to the female sex and to explain the possible underlying pathways. This approach was based on the evaluation of anatomical, physiological, and morphological analyses currently available in the literature. The findings showed that estrogen exerts a protective effect on the neuroretina and may influence Müller and cone cells.

Rotational Stability After Implantation of Two Different Phakic Toric Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes and rotational stability of the toric implantable Collamer lens (TICL) and toric implantable phakic contact lens (TIPCL).

Methods: Charts were reviewed from January 2011 to January 2023 to identify all TICLs and TIPCLs implanted by a single surgeon. Implant size was generally chosen according to the manufacturer's recommendation, but 15 TIPCLs 0.

Enhanced glaucomatous damage accompanied by glial response in a new multifactorial mouse model.

Introduction: Glaucoma is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, which can lead to blindness if left untreated. It seems that, among others, immune processes, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), or a combination of these factors are responsible for glaucomatous damage. Here, we combined two glaucoma models to examine if a combination of risk factors (IOP and immune response) results in a more severe damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the optic nerves as well as an additional glia activation.