Publications by authors named "Burke T"

In socially monogamous species, sexual selection not only depends on initial mate choice but also mate switching. To date, studies lack assessment of (1) differences between passive (widowhood) and active (divorce) mate switching, (2) longer term fitness consequences (beyond the season post-divorce) and (3) how age masks reproductive costs and benefits of divorce. We investigated causes and short- and long-term consequences of mate switching and their age dependence using longitudinal data on Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis).

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Intracellular bacterial pathogens are distinctive tools for fighting cancer, as they can proliferate in tumors and deliver therapeutic payloads to the eukaryotic cytosol. Cytosol-dwelling bacteria have undergone extensive preclinical and clinical testing, yet the mechanisms of activating innate immunity in tumors are unclear. We report that phylogenetically distinct cytosolic pathogens, including , , and species, elicited anti-tumor responses in poorly immunogenic melanoma and lymphoma in mice.

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Introduction: Dysregulated host cytokine responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are a primary cause of progression to severe disease, whereas early neutralizing antibody responses are considered protective. However, there are gaps in understanding the early temporal dynamics of these immune responses, and the profile of productive immune responses generated by non-hospitalized people with mild infections in the community.

Methods: Here we conducted a prospective cohort study of people with suspected infections/exposures in the US state of North Carolina, before vaccine availability.

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Background: Few studies have evaluated direct medical or societal costs of haemophilia in the United Kingdom (UK), and how patient characteristics impact future costs is uncertain. Cost predictors were identified and examined using cross-sectional data from the CHESS I and II studies.

Methods: Patient- and physician-reported outcomes were analysed for UK adult males aged ≤ 65, with haemophilia A or B and no recent clinical trial participation.

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The axillary lymph node (LN) burden of breast cancer patients guides multidisciplinary management and treatment regimes. Sonographic imaging is used to identify the presence, number and location of axillary LNs suspicious of malignancy and used to guide nodal fine needle aspirations and biopsies. Axillary LNs suspicious of harbouring breast cancer metastasis can be localised to three surgical axillary levels, numbered according to their location relative to the pectoralis minor muscle and lymph flow.

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Divorce-terminating a pair bond whilst both members are alive-is a mating strategy observed in many socially monogamous species often linked to poor reproductive success. As environmental factors directly affect individual condition and reproductive performance, they can indirectly influence divorce. Given current climate change, understanding how environmental fluctuations affect partnership stability has important implications, including for conservation.

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Background: Although data on patients treated with pembrolizumab are available from clinical trials and single-country real-world reports, to our knowledge no multi-country real-world studies have investigated the use of pembrolizumab as an adjuvant treatment for stage III melanoma.

Methods: We used the European Melanoma Registry (EUMelaReg), a disease entity-based registry specific for melanoma, to examine treatment and outcomes for adult patients with stage III melanoma with lymph node involvement who had complete resection and received adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab. The primary objectives were to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of the included patients as well as time on adjuvant pembrolizumab treatment (TOT), real-world recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) from adjuvant pembrolizumab initiation.

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Objectives: Understanding variations in knowledge and attitudes of psychiatrists to psilocybin therapy is important for the collective discourse about the potential impact on clinical practice and public health in Ireland.

Methods: A 28-item questionnaire was designed based on previous studies and distributed to psychiatrists in Ireland via online mailing lists and at in-person academic events.

Results: 151 psychiatrists completed the questionnaire (73.

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Article Synopsis
  • Maternal mortality rates in Kenya are alarming, with 342 deaths per 100,000 live births, largely due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), which accounts for 40% of these deaths and is the leading cause globally, especially in poorer countries.* -
  • Primary health care facilities (PHCs) play a vital role in managing PPH, but face challenges like being poorly equipped and having ineffective referral systems, which complicates timely care delivery.* -
  • The study highlights that structural issues aren't the only problem; poor collaboration and communication between healthcare providers also hinder effective referral processes, suggesting a need for improved training and strategic interventions to enhance emergency response in maternal health.*
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Embedded, flexible, multi-sensor sensing networks have shown the potential to provide soft robots with reliable feedback while navigating unstructured environments. Time delay associated with extracting information from these sensing networks and the complexity of constructing them are significant obstacles to their development. This paper presents a novel enhancement to an existing class of embedded sensor network with the potential to overcome these challenges.

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A species' demographic history gives important context to contemporary population genetics and a possible insight into past responses to climate change; with an individual's genome providing a window into the evolutionary history of contemporary populations. Pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analysis uses information from a single genome to derive fluctuations in effective population size change over the last ~5 million years. Here, we apply PSMC analysis to two European nightjar () genomes, sampled in Northwest and Southern Europe, with the aim of revealing the demographic history of nightjar in Europe.

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Humans become more selective with whom they spend their time, and as a result, the social networks of older humans are smaller than those of younger ones. In non-human animals, processes such as competition and opportunity can result in patterns of declining sociality with age. While there is support for declining sociality with age in mammals, evidence from wild bird populations is lacking.

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Developing effective inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) has been challenging because of the enzyme shallow catalytic pocket and non-specific substrate binding interactions. Recently, we discovered a quinolone-binding hot spot in TDP1's active site proximal to the evolutionary conserved Y204 and F259 residues that position DNA. Sulfur (VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is a biocompatible click chemistry reaction that enables acylation of protein residues, including tyrosine.

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The epigenome influences gene regulation and phenotypes in response to exposures. Epigenome assessment can determine exposure history aiding in diagnosis. Here we developed and implemented a machine learning algorithm, the exposure signature discovery algorithm (ESDA), to identify the most important features present in multiple epigenomic and transcriptomic datasets to produce an integrated exposure signature (ES).

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Purpose Of Review: Skin type diversity in image datasets refers to the representation of various skin types. This diversity allows for the verification of comparable performance of a trained model across different skin types. A widespread problem in datasets involving human skin is the lack of verifiable diversity in skin types, making it difficult to evaluate whether the performance of the trained models generalizes across different skin types.

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Introduction: Haemophilia A (HA) is a congenital bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency/absence of factor VIII (FVIII) and characterised by frequent, acute and prolonged spontaneous or traumatic bleeding events, often leading to haemophilic arthropathy and progressive joint deterioration. HA severity is characterized by endogenous FVIII activity: mild (> 5-40%), moderate (1-5%), or severe (< 1%). HA poses a substantial clinical and socioeconomic burden on people with HA (PWHA), their caregivers, and society.

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The polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is an important cell cycle regulator that is recognized as a target molecule for development of anti-cancer agents. Plk1 consists of a catalytic kinase domain (KD) and a polo-box domain (PBD), which engages in protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential to proper Plk1 function. Recently, we developed extremely high-affinity PBD-binding inhibitors based on a bivalent approach using the Plk1 KD-binding inhibitor, BI2536, and a PBD-binding peptide.

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Background: Haemophilia A (HA; Factor VIII deficiency) is a congenital X-linked bleeding disorder characterized by trauma-related or spontaneous bleeding events, most notably arising within the intraarticular space and resulting in chronic inflammation and degeneration of affected joints. Endogenous clotting factor activity relative to normal levels determines the severity of HA symptoms, as mild (> 5-40%), moderate (1-5%), or severe (< 1%). Within the current environment of rapid evolution in HA management, we seek to understand the interplay of condition severity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) to characterise and differentiate unmet needs among people with HA (PwHA).

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In humans, gut microbiome (GM) differences are often correlated with, and sometimes causally implicated in, ageing. However, it is unclear how these findings translate in wild animal populations. Studies that investigate how GM dynamics change within individuals, and with declines in physiological condition, are needed to fully understand links between chronological age, senescence and the GM, but have rarely been done.

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Explaining variation in individual fitness is a key goal in evolutionary biology. Recently, telomeres, repeating DNA sequences capping chromosome ends, have gained attention as a biomarker for body state, physiological costs, and senescence. Existing research has provided mixed evidence for whether telomere length correlates with fitness, including survival and reproductive output.

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Assay systems for evaluating compound protein-binding affinities are essential for developing agonists and/or antagonists. Targeting individual members of a protein family can be extremely important and for this reason it is critical to have methods for evaluating selectivity. We have previously reported a fluorescence recovery assay that employs a fluorescein-labelled probe to determine IC values of ATP-competitive type 1 inhibitors of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1).

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Article Synopsis
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious disease, causing many deaths and new cases every year in the U.S.
  • Successful treatment relies on removing all of the cancer cells during surgery, and using special imaging techniques can help doctors see the cancer better.
  • A new peptide called RC18 is being developed to help with imaging CRC during surgery by targeting a specific protein linked to the cancer.
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Abstract: Metastable levels of highly charged ions that can only decay via highly forbidden transitions can have a significant effect on the properties of high temperature plasmas. For example, the highly forbidden 3d - 3d 4 s magnetic octupole (M3) transition in nickel-like ions can result in a large metastable population of its upper level which can then be ionized by electrons of energies below the ground state ionization potential. We present a method to study metastable electronic states in highly charged ions that decay by x-ray emission in electron beam ion traps (EBIT).

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Article Synopsis
  • Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a volatile organic compound and carcinogen, with limited reliable data on its ambient concentrations near production facilities, raising exposure concerns.
  • In February 2023, sensitive mobile measurements in southeastern Louisiana showed that 75% of sampled areas had EtO levels above the threshold associated with a 1-in-a-million cancer risk, with some locations exceeding levels indicating a 1-in-1,000 risk.
  • This study revealed higher EtO concentrations than previous EPA estimates and highlights the need for improved monitoring methods to assess exposure risks in industrial areas.
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