Convenient lanthanum-mediated synthesis of bulky -alkyl amines from nitriles.

-alkyl amines can be conveniently prepared in one step from nitriles by a double addition of ethyl or propyl Grignard reagent mediated by a commercially available lanthanum chloride-lithium chloride complex solution. The reaction operates on a variety of benzonitriles, with several heterocyclic nitriles and an alkyl nitrile also being suitable substrates.

Intestinal Cyp24a1 regulates vitamin D locally independent of systemic regulation by renal Cyp24a1 in mice.

Vitamin D regulates mineral homeostasis. The most biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), is synthesized by CYP27B1 from 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25D) and inactivated by CYP24A1. Human monogenic diseases and genome-wide association studies support a critical role for CYP24A1 in regulation of mineral homeostasis, but little is known about its tissue-specific effects.

Exploring Spiritual Concerns, Needs, and Resources in Outpatient Healthcare Facilities Serving Under-Resourced Black Patients: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Acknowledging patients' spiritual concerns can enhance well-being and is essential to patient-centered chronic illness care. However, unmet spiritual care needs remain a major area of suffering, particularly among under-resourced populations. Limited research exists on how spiritual concerns are acknowledged and integrated into the care of chronically ill older Black patients in these settings.

Actively Waiting: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual Self-Management Program Designed to Empower People With Chronic Pain Waiting for Interprofessional Care.

Unlabelled: Chronic pain affects 1.9 billion people worldwide and wait times for interprofessional pain management programs can be extensive. The existing wait times provide an opportunity to introduce internet-based interventions that enhance self-management ability.

Treatment at an Academic Medical Center Eliminates Survival Disparities for Appalachian Kentuckians with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Rates of cancer mortality in Appalachian Kentucky is among the highest in the nation. It is unknown whether geographic location of treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, influences survival in Appalachian Kentuckians.

Purpose: This study compares outcomes among Appalachian Kentuckians with PDAC who received treatment at an academic medical center (AMC) or community facility (CF).

To Identify and Compare ActivPAL Objectively Measured Activity Levels With Self-Reported Activity From the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in Older Adults With Intellectual Disability.

Background: The positive impact of physical activity on health is widely known. A comparison between activPAL objective measures and International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF) self-reported activity levels was completed with older adults with intellectual disability. Understanding differences between the two methodologies will better support the interpretations of findings and recommendations.

Initial expressed emotion during neuropsychological assessment: investigating motivational dimensions of approach and avoidance.

Objective: Prior work indicates that discrete emotions are linked to performance across multiple domains of cognitive function and thus have the potential to impact cognitive profiles in neuropsychological assessment. However, reported presence and magnitude of the relationships between emotion and cognitive test performance are inconsistent. Variable findings in this regard could be due to failure to consider motivations associated with expressed emotion.

Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Melanoma Nodal Surveillance in a Multi-institutional Cohort.

Background: Nodal surveillance (NS) has overtaken completion lymphadenectomy as the preferred management for sentinel node-positive (SLN+) melanoma, but requires frequent exams and nodal ultrasound (US). Social determinants of health (SDoH) may affect US adherence in real-world populations, and evaluation of these potential impacts is needed.

Methods: Adults with SLN+ melanoma diagnosed from July 2017 to December 2019 who received NS at nine cancer centers were identified retrospectively.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Quality Improvement and the Role of Topical Antiperistaltic Agents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Gastric cancer (GC) represents one of the most lethal forms of cancer. When identified at an early stage, conventional treatment can be curative. The key to identifying GC at an early stage is high-quality esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

Society of Surgical Oncology Breast Disease Site Working Group Statement on Bilateral Risk-Reducing Mastectomy: Indications, Outcomes, and Risks.

Bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy (BRRM) is the surgical removal of both breasts to reduce the risk of cancer. In this Society of Surgical Oncology position statement, we review the literature addressing the indications, outcomes, and risks of BRRM to update the society's 2017 statement. We held a virtual meeting to outline key topics and conducted a literature search using PubMed to identify relevant articles.

Self-Expanding Metal Stents in the Acute Management of Oesophageal Variceal Bleeding: A Systematic Review.

Acute variceal bleeding (AVB) continues to challenge physicians and healthcare systems. Despite significant advances in our multimodal approach to managing this problem, namely medical, endoscopic, and radiological techniques, the mortality rates for this patient cohort remain as high as 20% on the index admission. This mortality rate has remained unchanged over the past 25 years.

A Qualitative Exploration of Healthcare Workers' Experiences of End of Life Care for People With an Intellectual Disability.

Aim: To explore healthcare workers' experiences of end of life care for people with an intellectual disability.

Design: A descriptive qualitative study.

Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 healthcare workers who cared for older people with an intellectual disability at their end of life.

Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during a decompressive hemicraniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury: illustrative case.

Background: Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) can be a life-saving treatment for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a focal mass lesion who develop refractory elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Nonetheless, successful completion of this procedure requires maintaining hemodynamic and respiratory stability. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in patients with respiratory or cardiac failure is well described in the literature and has become routinely used in patients with refractory hypoxia unresponsive to traditional mechanical ventilation strategies, but few cases of its use have been reported in the neurosurgical literature.

An Immediate but Fleeting Interest in MPH Programs After the Onset of COVID-19: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.

Objectives: The relationship between the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and interest in master of public health (MPH) programs is unknown. We examined trends in MPH application rates for 31 MPH concentrations and specifically for the MPH concentration in epidemiology and differences by race and ethnicity before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We constructed a quasi-experimental design to examine trends in MPH application rates from academic years 2015-2016 through 2022-2023 by using Centralized Application Service for Schools and Programs of Public Health data.

A Critical Assessment of the Quality and Readability of Information on Gastric Cancer Available on the Internet for Patients.

Introduction It is now commonplace for patients to consult the internet with health-related questions. Unfortunately, the quality of information provided to them online is highly variable. Ensuring that patients get high-quality, reliable information is essential for all pathologies.

Comparing self-report medication data from a longitudinal study on intellectual disability and national dispensing records.

Background: Medication data are a valuable resource in epidemiological studies. As the most common data collection method of medication data is self-report, it is important to understand the accuracy of this in comparison with other methods such as dispensing records. The aim of this study was to compare the agreement between two different sources of medication data of older adults with intellectual disability (ID).

Improving Outcomes for ICU Family Members: The Role of Spiritual Care.

Having a family member hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) can be a stressful experience for family members, encompassing both psychological and spiritual distress. With over 5 million ICU admissions annually in the United States, it is imperative to enhance the experiences and coping mechanisms of ICU family members. In particularly challenging situations, some family members even face psychological effects known as post-intensive care syndrome-family, which includes anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress.

Health outcomes of former division I college athletes.

Background: Former professional collision sport (CS) athletes, particularly American football players, are at risk of developing chronic health conditions; however, little is known about the health outcomes of amateur athletes.

Methods: A 60-item health survey examined self-reported symptoms and diagnoses among former Division 1 Collegiate CS athletes and non- or limited-contact sport (non-CS) athletes. Binary logistic regressions tested the association between playing CS and health outcomes.

Deep learning-assisted interactive contouring of lung cancer: Impact on contouring time and consistency.

Background And Purpose: To evaluate the impact of a deep learning (DL)-assisted interactive contouring tool on inter-observer variability and the time taken to complete tumour contouring.

Materials And Methods: Nine clinicians contoured the gross tumour volume (GTV) using the PET-CT scans of 10 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, either using DL-assisted or manual contouring tools. After contouring a case using one contouring method, the same case was contoured one week later using the other method.