Local treatment in oligometastasis from breast cancer: an overview.

Oligometastasic breast cancer (OMBC) consists of breast cancer patient with a limited number of systemic metastases (≤ 5), all of them candidates for local ablative treatment with the intention of achieving long-term control of the metastasis and, eventually, an increase in survival The first consensus for the management of patients with oligometastatic breast cancer (OMBC) was published in 2007, establishing that a more aggressive multidisciplinary strategy is recommended in order to increase the survival while maintaining a good quality of life. The current scientific evidence is based on observational studies, mainly retrospective, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and only a randomized nonexclusive study of oligometastatic (OM) published. All trials with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in OM cancer have shown excellent tolerance and good local control, although first trials on Lung SBRT did not prove so excellent tolerance and had some deaths due to bronchus irradiation and secondary hemoptysis.

Low-Dose Aspirin Has Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Effects in HPV16 Tumor Cells and Delays Tumor Development and Growth in an Experimental Model.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aspirin on epithelial HPV16-transformed cells and its antitumor effects, in an experimental HPV16-positive tumor model.

Design: The design of the study is experimental (in vitro and in vivo).

Participants/materials, Setting, And Methods: SiHa and BMK-16/myc cells were treated with aspirin and cell proliferation was determined by MTT; Caspase-Glo 3/7 Assay was used to determine apoptosis.

Regulation of Archease by the mTOR-vATPase axis.

Larval terminal cells of the Drosophila tracheal system generate extensive branched tubes, requiring a huge increase in apical membrane. We discovered that terminal cells compromised for apical membrane expansion - mTOR-vATPase axis and apical polarity mutants - were invaded by the neighboring stalk cell. The invading cell grows and branches, replacing the original single intercellular junction between stalk and terminal cell with multiple intercellular junctions.

The regulation of cell size and branch complexity in the terminal cells of the Drosophila tracheal system.

The terminal cells of the larval Drosophila tracheal system extend dozens of branched cellular processes, most of which become hollow intracellular tubes that support gas exchange with internal tissues. Previously, we undertook a forward genetic mosaic screen to uncover the pathways regulating terminal cell size, morphogenesis, and the generation and maintenance of new intracellular tubes. Our initial work identified several mutations affecting terminal cell size and branch number, and suggested that branch complexity and cell size are typically coupled but could be genetically separated.

GGGGCC microsatellite RNA is neuritically localized, induces branching defects, and perturbs transport granule function.

Microsatellite expansions are the leading cause of numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Here we demonstrate that GGGGCC and CAG microsatellite repeat RNAs associated with C9orf72 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia and with polyglutamine diseases, respectively, localize to neuritic granules that undergo active transport into distal neuritic segments. In cultured mammalian spinal cord neurons, the presence of neuritic GGGGCC repeat RNA correlates with neuronal branching defects, and the repeat RNA localizes to granules that label with fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a transport granule component.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships of new quinoxaline derivatives as anti-Plasmodium falciparum agents.

We report the synthesis and antimalarial activities of eighteen quinoxaline and quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives, eight of which are completely novel. Compounds 1a and 2a were the most active against Plasmodium falciparum strains. Structure-activity relationships demonstrated the importance of an enone moiety linked to the quinoxaline ring.

[Impact of digital mammography in the detection and management of microcalcifications].

Objective: To determine whether the introduction of digital mammography in breast cancer screening has resulted in changes in the detection and management of microcalcifications.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively studied the performance indicators of our breast cancer screening program that are related to the diagnosis of microcalcifications (rates of recall and recommendation of intermediate follow-up after screening, rate of indication of invasive procedures for microcalcifications and their positive predictive value, detection rate for microcalcifications, and number of ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) diagnosed). We compared the results obtained using direct digital mammography (september 2008-august 2009) with those obtained using analog mammography (September 2006-August 2007).

Trypanocidal properties, structure-activity relationship and computational studies of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives.

Pyrazole and propenone quinoxaline derivatives were tested against intracellular forms of Leishmania peruviana and Trypanosoma cruzi. Both series were tested for toxicity against proliferative and non-proliferative cells. The pyrazole quinoxaline series was quite inactive against T.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new quinoxaline derivatives as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

We report the synthesis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of novel quinoxaline and quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives. Microwave-assisted methods have been used to optimize reaction times and to improve yields. The tested compounds presented important scavenging activities and promising in vitro inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase (LOX).

New 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxamide 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives as anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.Tb) is a bacillus capable of causing a chronic and fatal condition in humans known as tuberculosis (TB). It is estimated that there are 8 million new cases of TB per year and 3.

Heterocyclic-2-carboxylic acid (3-cyano-1,4-di-N-oxidequinoxalin-2-yl)amide derivatives as hits for the development of neglected disease drugs.

Neglected diseases represent a major health problem. It is estimated that one third of the world population is infected with tuberculosis (TB). Besides TB, Chagas disease, affects approximately 20 million people.

Microarray data analysis for differential expression: a tutorial.

DNA microarray is a technology that simultaneously evaluates quantitative measurements for the expression of thousands of genes. DNA microarrays have been used to assess gene expression between groups of cells of different organs or different populations. In order to understand the role and function of the genes, one needs the complete information about their mRNA transcripts and proteins.

Correlation trends for bone mineral density in Mexican women: evidence of familiar predisposition.

Objective: Genetic factors determine bone mineral density (BMD) and peak bone density between 20 and 30 years of age, as well as bone mineral loss after menopause. BMD is a predictor of fractures due to osteoporosis and the impact of genetic factors on osteoporosis. The variation in BMD for each individual is determined by an underlying genetic structure, common genetic effects, particularly with respect to compact bones as compared to those that are primarily trabecular.

Anti-leishmanial and structure-activity relationship of ring substituted 3-phenyl-1-(1,4-di-N-oxide quinoxalin-2-yl)-2-propen-1-one derivatives.

A series of ring substituted 3-phenyl-1-(1,4-di-N-oxide quinoxalin-2-yl)-2-propen-1-one derivatives were synthesized and tested for in vitro leishmanicidal activity against amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis in axenical cultures and murine infected macrophages. Structure-activity relationships demonstrated the importance of a radical methoxy at position R3', R4' and R5'. (2E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,6,7-trimethyl-1,4-dioxy-quinoxalin-2-yl)-propenone was the most active.

[An overview in genomic medicine and public health].

Genomics, as a scientific discipline responsible for genome maps, sequencing and functional analysis of genomes, allows for continually expanding knowledge of the structure and function of genomes. The influence of genomics on medicine generates a new perspective for how we perceive health and disease, knowing the influence of genetic variations on susceptibility to disease. In the area of public health, genetic epidemiology translates genetic knowledge into individual and public actions, evaluating the effect of the distribution of genetic determinants and their interaction with environmental factors involved in the etiology of human diseases.

Selective activity against Mycobacteriumtuberculosis of new quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides.

New series of 3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide with selective activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been prepared and evaluated. Thirty-four of the seventy tested compounds showed an MIC value less than 0.2 microg/mL, a value on the order of the MIC of rifampicin.

Correlation between IL-10 gene expression and HPV infection in cervical cancer: a mechanism for immune response escape.

The present study was performed to determine IL-10 expression in cervical tissues in Mexican women according to the severity of the malignity and its association with HPV infection. IL-10 expression showed a clear tendency to increase during the different cervical cancer stages: 37% in LGSIL; 62% in HGSIL; and 84% in cancer. However, all the patients that expressed IL-10 were HPV positives; we found an association with HPV 16.

Efficacy of quinoxaline-2-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives in experimental tuberculosis.

This study extends earlier reports regarding the in vitro efficacies of the 1,4-di-N-oxide quinoxaline derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has led to the discovery of a derivative with in vivo efficacy in the mouse model of tuberculosis. Quinoxaline-2-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives were tested in vitro against a broad panel of single-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains.

Misincorporation proton-alkyl exchange (MPAX): engineering cysteine probes into proteins.

This unit describes a rapid and efficient method to screen a polypeptide for amino acid residues that contribute to protein-protein interaction interfaces. Cysteine residues are introduced as positional probes in a protein at random by co-expression in bacteria with specific cysteine misincorporator tRNAs. The protein is then purified as an ensemble of polypeptides containing cysteine at low frequency, at different positions in each molecule.

Substitutions of fluorine atoms and phenoxy groups in the synthesis of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives.

The unexpected substitution of fluorine atoms and phenoxy groups attached to quinoxaline or benzofuroxan rings is described. The synthesis of 2-benzyl- and 2-phenoxy-3-methylquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives was based on the classical Beirut reaction. The tendency of fluorine atoms linked to quinoxaline or benzofuroxan rings to be replaced by a methoxy group when dissolved in an ammonia saturated solution of methanol was clearly demonstrated.

Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of 3-furyl and 3-thienylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives.

The aim of this study was to identify new compounds active against Plasmodium falciparum based on our previous research carried out on 3-phenyl-quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives. Twelve compounds were synthesized and evaluated for antimalarial activity. Eight of them showed an IC(50) less than 1 microM against the 3D7 strain.

A tutorial in genetic epidemiology and some considerations in statistical modeling.

A new door has been opened to health professionals since the completion of the map of the human genome was announced in 2003, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the DNA helical structure by Watson and Crick in 1953. The continuous updating of the technology has enabled scientists to simultaneously analyze thousands of variables for genome analysis. These advances have created new opportunities to locate genes, to assess the gene-gene relationship, to measure the gene-environment interaction, to describe gene products, and to evaluate the gene-disease relationship.

Rab and Arl GTPase family members cooperate in the localization of the golgin GCC185.

GCC185 is a large coiled-coil protein at the trans Golgi network that is required for receipt of transport vesicles inbound from late endosomes and for anchoring noncentrosomal microtubules that emanate from the Golgi. Here, we demonstrate that recruitment of GCC185 to the Golgi is mediated by two Golgi-localized small GTPases of the Rab and Arl families. GCC185 binds Rab6, and mutation of residues needed for Rab binding abolishes Golgi localization.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives as antimalarial agents.

As a continuation of our research and with the aim of obtaining new antimalarial agents, new series of 3-phenylquinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives have been synthesized following the classical Beirut reaction. Antiplasmodial activity was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum by the incorporation of [3H]-hypoxanthine. Cytotoxicity was tested in KB cells by AlamarBlue assay.