Enlightening Nursing Care: A Protocol for a Multicenter Observational Study Measuring Nursing Work in Hospital Settings.

: Rising costs and demands for improved quality of care present complex challenges for existing healthcare systems. The strain on healthcare resources is exacerbated by the increasing complexity of patient conditions. The Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) system classifies inpatients according to clinical and treatment criteria, controls healthcare expenditures, and ensures the sustainability of procedures.

Working conditions, missed care and patient experience in home care nursing in Italy: An observational study.

Introduction: The aging of the population requires an appropriate knowledge of the type of care that needs to be provided to inform healthcare policies. In Italy, neither home care nursing, nor the patient experiences have ever been described.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of nurses and care recipients involved in home care.

The Use of ICD-9-CM Coding to Identify COVID-19 Diagnoses and Determine Risk Factors for 30-Day Death Rate in Hospitalized Patients in Italy: Retrospective Study.

Background: In Italy, it has been difficult to accurately quantify hospital admissions of patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis using the Hospital Information System (HIS), mainly due to the heterogeneity of codes used in the hospital discharge records during different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The objective of this study was to define a specific combination of codes to identify the COVID-19 hospitalizations within the HIS and to investigate the risk factors associated with mortality due to COVID-19 among patients admitted to Italian hospitals in 2020.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the hospital discharge records, provided by more than 1300 public and private Italian hospitals.

Regio- and Stereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Borylation-Protodeboronation of 1,3-Diynes: Access to ()-1,3-Enynes.

A facile method to access ()-1,3-enynes is realized via sequential copper-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective borylation-protodeboronation of 1,3-diynes. Pinacolborane, copper(II) acetate, and Xantphos as the ligand efficiently install hydrogen and Bpin in a fashion, which is followed by rapid hydrolysis with water. The reaction has wide substrate scope and occurs in a chemoselective fashion.

2-Aminobenzoxazole Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Transporter Spinster Homolog 2 (Spns2).

The S1P1 receptor is the target of four marketed drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis. Targeting an S1P exporter, specifically Spns2, that is "upstream" of S1P receptor engagement is an alternate strategy that might recapitulate the efficacy of S1P receptor modulators without cardiac toxicity. We recently reported the first Spns2 inhibitor ( that has modest potency with activity.

Oxadiazolopyridine Derivatives as Efficacious Mitochondrial Uncouplers in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Obesity.

Small-molecule mitochondrial uncouplers are gaining recognition as potential therapeutics for metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specifically, heterocycles derived from BAM15, a potent and mitochondria-selective uncoupler, have yielded promising preclinical candidates that are efficacious in animal models of obesity and NASH. In this study, we report the structure-activity relationship studies of 6-amino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-]pyridin-5-ol derivatives.

Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chain platform for Indian Dairy Industry: Safety and Traceability.

Conventional food supply chains are centralized in nature and possess challenges pertaining to a single point of failure, product irregularities, quality compromises, and loss of data. Numerous cases of food fraud, contamination, and adulteration are daily reported from multiple parts of India, suggesting the absolute need for an upgraded decentralized supply chain model. A country such as India, where its biggest strength is its demographic dividend, cannot afford to malnutrition a large population of its children by allowing them to consume contaminated and adulterated dairy products.

Blockchain-Cloud Integration: A Survey.

Over the last couple of years, Blockchain technology has emerged as a game-changer for various industry domains, ranging from FinTech and the supply chain to healthcare and education, thereby enabling them to meet the competitive market demands and end-user requirements. Blockchain technology gained its popularity after the massive success of Bitcoin, of which it constitutes the backbone technology. While blockchain is still emerging and finding its foothold across domains, Cloud computing is comparatively well defined and established.

Development and Validation of the Italian "Brief Five-Item Chronic Pain Questionnaire" for Epidemiological Studies.

Background: Chronic pain (CP) prevalence estimates addressing a wide phenotype are still quite fragmented and may vary widely due to the lack of standardized tools of investigation. There is an urgent need to update general population CP estimates.

Methods: For this purpose, the Brief Five-item Chronic Pain Questionnaire was developed through experts' consultations for design and content validity assessment; literature analysis of measures used to investigate CP for general population surveys; understandability evaluation through a survey on a convenience sample of affected and non-affected individuals; reliability assessment by means of two double-wave online surveys carried out by the Italian Twin Registry; criterion and construct validity assessment through the third wave of the 2019 European Health Interview Survey (Ehis).

Differences in Incidence of Acute Viral Hepatitis between Foreigners and Autochthonous Population in Italy.

Background: In European countries, the prevalence of HBV and HCV in refugees and migrants tends to reflect the prevalence in their countries of origin. The aim of this study is to analyse acute viral hepatitis cases diagnosed in Italy among foreign citizens and to compare incidence rates in foreigners and Italians.

Methods: We analysed the cases of each viral hepatitis type among foreigners.

Is the mental health profile of immigrants changing? A national-level analysis based on hospital discharges in Italy.

Background: Among asylum seekers and refugees in European countries, several studies have shown a high burden of mental disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and psychoses. The present study compares hospitalization for mental disorders among migrants arriving from countries typically linked to the refugee phenomenon (putative asylum seekers), migrants arriving from other countries, and natives.

Methods: The study is based on hospital discharge data collected at the national level by the Italian Ministry of Health.

A Class of Fe Macrocyclic Complexes with Alcohol Donor Groups as Effective T MRI Contrast Agents.

Early studies suggested that Fe complexes cannot compete with Gd complexes as T MRI contrast agents. Now it is shown that one member of a class of high-spin macrocyclic Fe complexes produces more intense contrast in mice kidneys and liver at 30 minutes post-injection than does a commercially used Gd agent and also produces similar T relaxivity in serum phantoms at 4.7 T and 37 °C.

Single laser incision for treatment of congenital bladder neck sclerosis: new technique.

Introduction: The primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) has been recognized in 41-45% of young men suffering from a chronic lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS). Few studies are published in the literature about the use of laser devices in the surgical treatment of PBNO and none about the use of Thulium laser. The aim of our study is to report the results of our follow-up in the endoscopic treatment of PBNO with Thulium laser.

Ileostomy in extremely low birth weight and premature neonates.

Aim: The establishment of an ileostomy is a surgical option in the treatment of neonatal intestinal diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and meconial disease, in premature or extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants.

Methods: A prospective study was performed between July 2000-April 2011, with in exam all cases of acute abdomen in newborn premature babies. We perfomed a temporary ileostomy with a skin bridge and resection of the necrotic intestine.

Gastric Burkitt's lymphoma in a child: A rare case.

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a high-grade lymphoma which represents 8-10% of all tumors in individuals younger than 15 years old. It may occur as an abdominal tumor, which in rare cases may include gastric mucosa, although in most cases, the tumor is located in the ileum or cecum. Primary gastric lymphoma constitutes as low as 1.

Amenable mortality as a performance indicator of Italian health-care services.

Background: Mortality amenable to health-care services ('amenable mortality') has been defined as "premature deaths that should not occur in the presence of timely and effective health care" and as "conditions for which effective clinical interventions exist." We analyzed the regional variability in health-care services using amenable mortality as a performance indicator. Convergent validity was examined against other indicators, such as health expenditure, GDP per capita, life expectancy at birth, disability-free life expectancy at age 15, number of diagnostic and laboratory tests per 1,000 inhabitants, and the prevalence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Patterns of Long Term Care in 29 European countries: evidence from an exploratory study.

Background: The challenges posed by the rapidly ageing population, and the increased preponderance of disabled people in this group, coupled with the rising level of public expenditure required to service the complex organization of long term care (LTC) delivery are causing increased pressure on LTC systems in Europe. A pan-European survey was carried out to evaluate whether patterns of LTC can be identified across Europe and what are the trends of the countries along them.

Methods: An ecological study was conducted on the 27 EU Member States plus Norway and Iceland, referring to the period 2003-2007.

[The supply of long-term care services for the elderly in Italian regions].

In Italy, as in other European Countries, ageing population drives policymakers to redesign the Long Term Care (LTC) system for the elderly. This study analyses the LTC supply for elderly considering the distribution of different components: formal care (institutional and alternative), and informal one in Italian regions. An observational, cross-sectional, ecological study was carried out using statistical data drawn from the Italian National Institute of Statistics and Ministry of Health referred to 2004.

Are gaps in disability free life expectancies diminishing in Italy?

This paper studies gender differences in disability free life expectancy (DFLE), taking into account mortality and disability contributions. After analysing the types of disability that account for such differences, it goes on to examine temporal variability and age contributions to mortality and disability variation. The method used is an extension of Arriaga's model proposed by Nusselder.

An ecological study on the relationship between supply of beds in long-term care institutions in Italy and potential care needs for the elderly.

Background: The ageing population in Europe is putting an ever increasing demand on the long-term care (LTC) services provided by these countries. This study analyses the relationship between the LTC institutional supply of beds and potential care needs, taking into account the social and health context, the supply of complementary and alternative services, along with informal care.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, ecological study was carried out.

[Socioeconomic status and risk of congenital malformations].

Objective: to analyse the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the prevalence at birth of a selected group of congenital malformations (CM): neural tube defects (NTD), orofacial clefts (OFC), Down syndrome (DS).

Design: matched case-control study. The aim of the study was to compare the parental socioeconomic status of 485 children affected by one of the selected congenital malformations with an appropriate control group, using both a synthetic index, as well as comparing each socioeconomic characteristic.

Metformin-induced lactic acidosis in a type 2 diabetic patient with acute renal failure.

Metformin is a biguanide commonly used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Lactic acidosis, a potentially life-threatening metabolic disorder, may be due to a number of different causes, including metformin therapy. We present a case of a severe metformin-induced lactic acidosis in a patient with type 2 DM, admitted to the emergency department with a history of dehydration due to diarrhoea and complicated by acute renal failure.

[Public health care system in the Italia regions.].

The National Health Plan 2006-2008 underlines the need to overcome the differences that exist in the health care services of the Italian regions. Because the health care systems are organised differently on the territory, the Regions provide different answers to the health needs of their residents. Therefore, the purpose of this document is that of analysing the characteristics of the Italian public health care system in 2003.

[From "deadly quartet" to "metabolic syndrome". An analysis of its clinical relevance].

The metabolic syndrome denotes a clustering of specific risk factors for both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, whose underlying pathophysiology is believed to include insulin resistance. It has been widely reported that the syndrome is a simple clinical tool to identify people at high long term risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, its clinical importance is under debate.

Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with acute stroke and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

Background: About a third of patients with acute stroke and no prior diagnosis of diabetes have hyperglycaemia during the acute phase of stroke. Whether this is an acute stress response or a reflection of underlying diabetes is controversial.

Aim: To assess whether impaired glucose metabolism in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and no previous diagnosis of diabetes persists after 3 months, and whether such persistence can be predicted.