Affective and cognitive Theory of Mind in patients with alcohol use disorder: Associations with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization.

Introduction: Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to ascribe thoughts (cognitive ToM) and feelings (affective ToM) to others. Ample evidence exists for impairments of affective and cognitive ToM in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, evidence regarding changes of these impairments during AUD treatment and their possible relationship to comorbid symptoms is ambiguous. The current study analyzed changes in ToM during treatment and tested associations with comorbid symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization, and social functioning.

Psychopathology and Theory of Mind in patients with personality disorders.

Objective: People with mental disorders frequently suffer from deficits in the ability to infer other's mental states (Theory of Mind; ToM). Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) show ToM deficits characterized by exceeding ToM (over-attributions of mental states). The present study analyzed associations between ToM, BPD severity, and depression severity in patients with BPD and other personality disorders.

Primary somatosensory cortex bidirectionally modulates sensory gain and nociceptive behavior in a layer-specific manner.

The primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is a hub for body sensation of both innocuous and noxious signals, yet its role in somatosensation versus pain is debated. Despite known contributions of S1 to sensory gain modulation, its causal involvement in subjective sensory experiences remains elusive. Here, in mouse S1, we reveal the involvement of cortical output neurons in layers 5 (L5) and 6 (L6) in the perception of innocuous and noxious somatosensory signals.

Dialectical behaviour therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (DBT-PTSD): transportability to everyday clinical care in a residential mental health centre.

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (DBT-PTSD) is a phase-based treatment for PTSD. The DBT-PTSD treatment programme's efficacy has not been tested during standard operation, outside of laboratory outcome studies. The present pilot study investigated the transportability of the DBT-PTSD treatment to a real word clinical setting in a residential mental health centre.

How Individual and Situational Factors Influence Measures of Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind in Psychiatric Inpatients.

Mental disorders are associated with difficulties to correctly infer the mental states of other's (theory of mind; ToM). These inferences either relate to affective states of others (affective ToM) or to their thoughts, intentions, or beliefs (cognitive ToM) and can be associated with mental disorder. The current study explores the influence of individual and situational effects on the measurement of ToM abilities within two clinical samples, to increase generalizability.

"I Know What I Like" - Indecisiveness Is Unrelated to Behavioral Indicators of Evaluation Difficulties.

Indecisiveness, the subjective inability to make satisfying decisions, is an individual difference trait that may impede effective actions. Mechanisms underlying indecisiveness are largely unknown. In four studies, we tested the prediction that indicators of evaluation difficulty were associated with indecisiveness in simple evaluations.

Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients With Mental or Physical Diseases.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and the consequences of the pandemic on individuals' social, economic, and public lives are assumed to have major implications for the mental health of the general population but also for patients already diagnosed with psychological disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with psychological disorders or physical health conditions in inpatient mental and physical treatment programs. A total 2710 patients completed COVID-19 related questions concerning their psychological distress and financial burden during the pandemic.

Gender effects on outcomes of psychosomatic rehabilitation are reduced.

Objective: The study examined whether psychiatric/psychosomatic rehabilitation continues to have a better course of treatment for women than men.

Methods: We compared the course of global symptom severity, health-related quality of life and functioning between admission and discharge in patients (848 men, 1412 women) at an Austrian psychiatric/psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic.

Results: Gender-specific differences in the course of treatment were all too small to be clinically relevant.

Why Psychology Needs to Stop Striving for Novelty and How to Move Towards Theory-Driven Research.

Psychological science is maturing and therefore transitioning from explorative to theory-driven research. While explorative research seeks to find something "new," theory-driven research seeks to elaborate on already known and hence predictable effects. A consequence of these differences is that the quality of explorative and theory-driven research needs to be judged by distinct criterions that optimally support their respective development.

Purification of Crude Fructo-Oligosaccharide Preparations Using Probiotic Bacteria for the Selective Fermentation of Monosaccharide Byproducts.

Probiotics are microbes that promote health when consumed in sufficient amounts. They are present in many fermented foods or can be provided directly as supplements. Probiotics utilize non-digestible prebiotic oligosaccharides for growth in the intestinal tract, contributing to a healthy microbiome.

Enhancing the Heterologous Fructosyltransferase Activity of : Developing a Scaled-Up Process and Abolishing Invertase by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing.

The enzymatic production of prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) from sucrose involves fructosyltransferases (FFTs) and invertases, both of which catalyze forward (transferase) and reverse (hydrolysis) reactions. FOS yields can therefore be increased by favoring the forward reaction. We investigated process conditions that favored transferase activity in the yeast strain GG799, which expresses a native invertase and a heterologous FFT from .

Recalled parental rearing behavior in adult women and men with depressive and anxiety symptoms: Findings from a community study.

Addressing the lack of population-based data, the purpose of this representative study was to assess sex- and age-specific associations of maternal and paternal rearing behavior with depressiveness and anxiety controlling for sociodemographic and somatic variables. 8,175 subjects participating in a population-based study completed standardized questionnaires measuring Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior and distress. Women recalled their fathers as more controlling and warmer, and their mothers as more rejecting than men.

A multi-cohort consortium for GEnder-Sensitive Analyses of mental health trajectories and implications for prevention (GESA) in the general population in Germany.

Introduction: Mental health is marked by gender differences. We formed a multi-cohort consortium to perform GEnder-Sensitive Analyses of mental health trajectories and study their implications for prevention (GESA). GESA aims at (1) identifying gender differences regarding symptoms and trajectories of mental health over the lifespan; (2) determining gender differences regarding the prevalence, impact of risk and protective factors; and (3) determining effects of mental health on primary and secondary outcomes (eg, quality of life, healthcare behaviour and utilisation).

Somatic Symptoms in the German General Population from 1975 to 2013.

The study determines how burden and patterns of somatic symptom reporting developed over almost four decades in the general German population. Additionally, we studied how socio-demographic factors affected the degree of somatic symptoms. Population-based samples representative for West Germany between 18 and 60 years of age were analyzed comparing three cross-sectional samples of 1975 (N = 1601), 1994 (N = 1416), and 2013 (N = 1290) by conducting a three-way analysis of variance (sex, age, survey).

Correction to: Declining Sexual Activity and Desire in Women: Findings from Representative German Surveys 2005 and 2016.

As a result of a typesetting error, the number of participants in the study reported in this article was incorrectly stated in the article's Abstract as originally published.

Course of depressive symptoms in men and women: differential effects of social, psychological, behavioral and somatic predictors.

In this study, we aimed to identify the most important and sex-specific social, psychological, behavioral and somatic predictors of recurrent depressive symptoms. Data was obtained at two measurement points within five years by the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Out of N = 12,061 individuals, a sample of 877 (age 52.

Declining Sexual Activity and Desire in Women: Findings from Representative German Surveys 2005 and 2016.

We estimate (1) sexual activity and sexual desire in women living with and without a partner across the age range in Germany and (2) changes over 11 years. A representative survey of 1345 (response rate: 65%) women between 18 and 99 years from 2016 was compared to a survey of 1314 women age 18-91 from 2005 (response rate: 53%). Sexual activity was assessed as having been physically intimate with someone in the past year; frequency of sexual desire was rated for the past 4 weeks.

Development and Characterization of an Enzyme Membrane Reactor for Fructo-Oligosaccharide Production.

Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are linear fructans comprising 2-5 fructose units linked to a terminal glucose residue. They are widely used as food and feed additives due to their sweetness, low calorific value, and prebiotic properties. Here we describe the synthesis of FOS catalyzed by a cell-free crude enzyme solution containing recombinant fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) produced in the yeast .

Linking cancer and mental health in men and women in a representative community sample.

Objective: In aging populations, a growing number of individuals are affected by cancer. However, the relevance of the disease for mental health is still controversial, especially after treatment. We drew from a representative community sample to explore the link of cancer with mental health assessing different dimensions and different periods of time.

Status and predictors of planning ability in adult long-term survivors of CNS tumors and other types of childhood cancer.

Long-term childhood cancer survivors' (CCS) quality of life can be impacted by late effects such as cognitive difficulties. Especially survivors of CNS tumors are assumed to be at risk, but reports of cognitive tests in CCS with survival times >25 years are scarce. We assessed planning ability, a capacity closely related to fluid intelligence, using the Tower of London.

Prevalence of mental distress among adult survivors of childhood cancer in Germany-Compared to the general population.

Background: Increasing survival rates after childhood cancer have raised the issue of long-term mental health consequences in adulthood. This study determines mental health distress among long-term survivors of pediatric cancer and compares it to control groups.

Methods: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS; N = 951, aged 24-49 years) were compared to three age-matched control groups from the general population collected at three time points.