Peptidomimetics via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions.

This critical review concerns the impact of copper-mediated alkyne-azide cycloadditions on peptidomimetic studies. It discusses how this reaction has been used to insert triazoles into peptide chains, to link peptides to other functionalities (e.g.

Artificial selection shifts flowering phenology and other correlated traits in an autotetraploid herb.

There is mounting evidence that plants are responding to anthropogenic climate change with shifts in flowering phenologies. We conducted a three-generation artificial selection experiment on flowering time in Campanulastrum americanum, an autotetraploid herb, to determine the potential for adaptive evolution of this trait as well as possible costs associated with enhanced or delayed flowering. Divergent selection for earlier and later flowering resulted in a 25-day difference in flowering time.

Plyometric vs. isometric training influences on tendon properties and muscle output.

The purpose of this study was to concurrently determine the effect that plyometric and isometric training has on tendon stiffness (K) and muscle output characteristics to compare any subsequent changes. Thirteen men trained the lower limbs either plyometrically or isometrically 2-3 times a week for a 6-week period. Medial gastrocnemius tendon stiffness was measured in vivo using ultrasonography during ramped isometric contractions before and after training.

Asymmetric hydrogenation routes to deoxypolyketide chirons.

Asymmetric hydrogenations of monoenes and dienes were performed to obtain terminal deoxypolyketide fragments A and the corresponding internal chirons B and C. The chiral N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst 1 was used throughout. Modest selectivities for hydrogenations of simple monoenes relayed into high selectivities for preparations of the terminal deoxypolyketide fragments in which either two hydrogenations or one and an optically pure starting material were used.

Gender-specific in vivo measurement of the structural and mechanical properties of the human patellar tendon.

Human patellar tendon stress (sigma), strain (epsilon), stiffness (K), and tensile or Young's modulus (E), are determined in vivo through voluntary isometric contractions monitored with B-mode ultrasonography. The limitations in previous studies are: (1) they have generally not accounted for the fact that the distal attachment of the patellar tendon (the tibial tuberosity) also displaces; thus, they have underestimated epsilon (and, hence, injury risk) while overestimating K; (2) no gender effect has been studied despite the fact that females are seen to have higher incidences of tendon-related injuries. The current investigation therefore aimed to determine the gender specific values of sigma, epsilon, K, and E of the patellar tendon while also accounting for distal displacement of the patellar tendon.

Spectral dispersion and water solubilization of BODIPY dyes via palladium-catalyzed C-H functionalization.

Fluorescent probes 1 and 2 were prepared directly from tetramethyl-BODIPY via palladium-mediated C-H functionalization reactions.

Creep and the in vivo assessment of human patellar tendon mechanical properties.

Background: Owing to the viscoelastic nature of tendons it may be that the total excursion and hence strain experienced by the tendon under load may be affected by the duration of contraction. Here we examine the effect of contraction duration on the measured in vivo mechanical properties of the patellar tendon.

Methods: Nine healthy young men aged 21 (SEM 0.

Synthesis of (S,R,R,S,R,S)-4,6,8,10,16,18- hexamethyldocosane from Antitrogus parvulus via diastereoselective hydrogenations.

[structure: see text]. The hydrocarbon 1 was prepared via a series of catalyst-controlled diastereoselective hydrogenations beginning with fragments derived from the Roche ester.

Response of canine cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma to lomustine (CCNU): a retrospective study of 46 cases (1999-2004).

Background: Epitheliotropic lymphoma (ELSA) is an uncommon cutaneous canine malignancy of T lymphocytes. A consensus regarding the therapeutic standard of care is lacking, warranting evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents traditionally employed against canine nodal lymphoma in the treatment of ELSA.

Hypothesis: The purpose of this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-l-nitrosourea (CCNU) in the treatment of ELSA.

Attachment, self-worth, and peer-group functioning in middle childhood.

We evaluated links between peer-group functioning and indicators of attachment security in relation to both mother and father in middle childhood, among 73 10-year-olds (37 girls). Children's perceptions of security with both parents, coping styles with mother, and self-worth were assessed. Classmates, teachers, and mothers evaluated the participants' peer-related behavioral characteristics.

Alterations in cerebral dynamics at high altitude following partial acclimatization in humans: wakefulness and sleep.

We tested the hypothesis that, following exposure to high altitude, cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 and cerebral autoregulation would be attenuated. Such alterations may predispose to central sleep apnea at high altitude by promoting changes in brain PCO2 and thus breathing stability. We measured middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv; transcranial Doppler ultrasound) and arterial blood pressure during wakefulness in conditions of eucapnia (room air), hypocapnia (voluntary hyperventilation), and hypercapnia (isooxic rebeathing), and also during non-rapid eye movement (stage 2) sleep at low altitude (1,400 m) and at high altitude (3,840 m) in five individuals.

Syntheses and properties of water-soluble Nile Red derivatives.

Nile Red (compound A) fluoresces at about 530 nm with good quantum yields in apolar solvents. In more polar ones its fluorescence emission shows a dramatic, and potentially useful, shift to about 640 nm, but its quantum yield is significantly reduced. Further, Nile Red has a very poor solubility in aqueous media.

Synthesis of a new water-soluble rhodamine derivative and application to protein labeling and intracellular imaging.

Synthesis of a new fluorescent rhodamine derivative, dye 1, is reported. This probe is different from other rhodamines insofar as it has several (four) carboxylic acid functionalities to promote water solubility and facilitate conjugation to proteins. It also has an aryl bromide functionality that could, in principle, be used to further functionalize the system for specialized applications.

Water-soluble through-bond energy transfer cassettes for intracellular imaging.

A special, water-soluble, fluorescent probe 1 was designed. This consisted of a fluorescein-based component to harvest irradiation at 488 nm and a rhodamine-based part designed to emit it at a significantly longer wavelength. This cassette was used to label an illustrative protein called ACBP.

Syntheses, photophysical properties, and application of through-bond energy-transfer cassettes for biotechnology.

We have designed fluorescent "through-bond energy-transfer cassettes" that can harvest energy of a relatively short wavelength (e.g., 490 nm), and emit it at appreciably longer wavelengths without significant loss of intensity.

A diversity oriented synthesis of 3'-O-modified nucleoside triphosphates for DNA 'sequencing by synthesis'.

The nucleoside triphosphates 1, containing a photochemically cleavable group, and 2, having one that may be cleaved via palladium catalysis, were prepared as a prelude to investigating sequencing of DNA via sequencing by synthesis.

Attachment, Friendship, and Psychosocial Functioning in Early Adolescence.

Fifth-graders' (N = 162; 93 girls) relationships with parents and friends were examined with respect to their main and interactive effects on psychosocial functioning. Participants reported on parental support, the quality of their best friendships, self-worth, and perceptions of social competence. Peers reported on aggression, shyness and withdrawal, and rejection and victimization.

Heterovalent selectivity and the combinatorial advantage.

Libraries of monovalent compounds can be reacted with each other to give libraries of bivalent ones. If those reactions are efficient, and if the products do not need to be purified, large numbers of bivalent compounds can be produced rapidly, and one might say there is a "combinatorial advantage" to doing so. However, selective formation of heterobivalent products must be possible otherwise statistical mixtures will form.

Mentor says learning is a two-way street.

This year's winner of the ADA award for Individual Achievement in Mentoring, Dr. Ronald Stifter explains how opportunities exist for established dentists to mentor students and young practitioners. In a changing professional world where competition, debt, and diversity have grown, the guidance of a mature dentist is a valuable way to invest in the future of the profession.

New dentist shows commitment to community and profession.

In 2005, Dr. Jose Peralez won the ADA's Golden Apple Award for New Dentist Leadership. He is a second-career native of the Rio Grande Valley who returned after his 1995 graduation from dental school to serve the community he grew up in.