Interprofessional team-based learning (TBL): how do students engage?

Background: Although challenging to integrate within university curricula, evidence suggests that interprofessional education (IPE) positively impacts communication and teamwork skills in the workplace. The nature of Team-based learning (TBL) lends itself to interprofessional education, with the capacity to foster a culture of collaboration among health professional students. Our study was designed to pilot an interprofessional 'back pain' TBL module for physiotherapy and medical students, and to explore their experience of the TBL process, using the conceptual framework of 'knowledge reconsolidation' to discuss our finding.

Effects of Sterilization Techniques on Bioactivity of Polymethyl Methacrylate Antibiotic Beads Containing Vancomycin and Tobramycin.

Objectives: Prefabrication and storage of antibiotic beads may decrease surgical time and allow for use in other settings. This study investigated the effects of sterilization technique and storage time on the bioactivity of antibiotic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) beads.

Methods: Uniform beads of PMMA containing 1 g each of tobramycin and vancomycin were sterilized using autoclave, ethylene oxide (ETO), or ultraviolet (UV) light.

Structure-based mechanism of preferential complex formation by apoptosis signal-regulating kinases.

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinases (ASK1, ASK2, and ASK3) are activators of the p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. ASK1-3 form oligomeric complexes known as ASK signalosomes that initiate signaling cascades in response to diverse stress stimuli. Here, we demonstrated that oligomerization of ASK proteins is driven by previously uncharacterized sterile-alpha motif (SAM) domains that reside at the carboxy-terminus of each ASK protein.

Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2003-2016: age, race, and place of death.

Background: Pregnancy-related deaths in the United States are increasing. Medical, social, economic, and cultural issues have all been implicated in this trend, but few data exist to differentiate the relative contributions of these various factors.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine trends in US pregnancy-related mortality by place of death and maternal race and age.

Quality indicators in colonoscopy: an evolving paradigm.

The year 1969 marked a revolution in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). It is when Dr Wolff developed the colonoscope and quickly realized its potential in both diagnosis and treatment of colonic neoplasms. Over the past 50 years there has been exponential increase in utilization of colonoscopy with over 1 million colonoscopies performed annually throughout Australasia.

Peer teacher training (PTT) in action.

Background: The benefits of peer teaching for tutors, students and institutions are well documented. Skills in peer teaching, assessment and feedback are cited as important graduate attributes by international medical councils; however, the literature on preparation for this role, specifically peer teacher training (PTT), is sparse. This study evaluated the implementation of a PTT programme adopted from the Medical School at the University of Sydney in 2016.

APOE-ε4 Genotype and Dementia Before and After Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke: Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background and Purpose- APOE-ε4 genotype is a risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer disease and reduced recovery from brain injury. Since data on APOE genotype and dementia associated with transient ischemic attack/stroke are sparse, we determined the associations in a longitudinal population-based cohort. Methods- All patients with transient ischemic attack or stroke (2002-2012) in a defined population of 92 728 OxVASC (Oxford Vascular Study) had follow-up to 5-years.

Rapid Intestinal Uptake and Targeted Delivery to the Liver Endothelium Using Orally Administered Silver Sulfide Quantum Dots.

Quantum dots (QDs) are used for imaging and transport of therapeutics. Here we demonstrate rapid absorption across the small intestine and targeted delivery of QDs with bound materials to the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) or hepatocytes and following oral administration. QDs were radiolabeled with H-oleic acid, with a fluorescent tag or C-metformin placed within a drug binding site.

Dismemberment and Mutilation: A Data-Driven Exploration of Patterns, Motives, and Styles.

Classification of violent behavior, including dismemberment and mutilation, has become increasingly more significant. This study uses a data-driven classification system based upon knowledge drawn from the pertinent literature, and examination of cases of offenders who have dismembered or mutilated their victims. The latter were extracted from the Serial Killer Database, as well as media sources, and assessed for characteristics of the perpetrators and victim(s).

The Evidence for Selective Loss of Otolithic Function.

Recent advances in vestibular testing now permit functional testing of all peripheral vestibular sense organs (all three semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule). This makes it possible to identify patients with isolated dysfunction of the utricle or saccule, even though parallel pathways for vestibular information are ultimately integrated centrally. Selective, isolated unilateral loss of utricular function as measured by ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) has been observed in patients with normal semicircular canal function as measured by the video head impulse test of all six semicircular canals, and normal bilateral saccular function as determined by symmetrical cervical VEMPs.

Epidermal growth factor receptor ligands: targets for optimizing treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

The discovery of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) revealed the connection between EGF-like ligands, signaling from the EGFR family members and cancer. Over the next fifty years, analysis of EGFR expression and mutation led to the use of monoclonal antibodies to target EGFR in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and this treatment has improved outcomes for patients. The use of the oncogene mutational status has helped to refine patient selection for EGFR antibody therapy, but an effective molecular predictor of likely responders is lacking.

The Academy for Emerging Leaders in Patient Safety: developing a community of practice.

Background: There is a high incidence of preventable error in health care. Many of these errors are the result of poor teamwork between different health professionals and not listening to the patient voice. We describe changes in attitudes to patient safety from potential future health care leaders who participated in an interactive programme focusing on these attributes.

Evolutionary Divergence of Enzymatic Mechanisms for Tubulin Detyrosination.

The two related members of the vasohibin family, VASH1 and VASH2, encode human tubulin detyrosinases. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to VASH1, which requires binding of small vasohibin binding protein (SVBP), VASH2 has autonomous tubulin detyrosinating activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that SVBP acts as a bona fide activator of both enzymes.

Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids UK, a weight management programme for fathers: feasibility RCT.

Objective: To assess (1) the feasibility of delivering a culturally adapted weight management programme, Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids United Kingdom (HDHK-UK), for fathers with overweight or obesity and their primary school-aged children, and (2) the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Design: A two-arm, randomised feasibility trial with a mixed-methods process evaluation.

Setting: Socioeconomically disadvantaged, ethnically diverse localities in West Midlands, UK.

Corrigendum: Why Be One Protein When You Can Affect Many? The Multiple Roles of YB-1 in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.

Phenotypic screen for oxygen consumption rate identifies an anti-cancer naphthoquinone that induces mitochondrial oxidative stress.

A hallmark of cancer cells is their ability to reprogram nutrient metabolism. Thus, disruption to this phenotype is a potential avenue for anti-cancer therapy. Herein we used a phenotypic chemical library screening approach to identify molecules that disrupted nutrient metabolism (by increasing cellular oxygen consumption rate) and were toxic to cancer cells.

Multiple interaction nodes define the postreplication repair response to UV-induced DNA damage that is defective in melanomas and correlated with UV signature mutation load.

Ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA mutations are a primary environmental driver of melanoma. The reason for this very high level of unrepaired DNA lesions leading to these mutations is still poorly understood. The primary DNA repair mechanism for UV-induced lesions, that is, the nucleotide excision repair pathway, appears intact in most melanomas.

Label free, quantitative single-cell fate tracking of time-lapse movies.

Historically, the ability to perform multi-day time-lapse imaging of adherent cells required expensive and specialized microscopy equipment. As byproduct of this cost, many labs would synchronize cells using inhibitors such as hydroxyurea and thymidine, and or use fluorescent biosensors to minimize time required on the microscope. These methods introduce significant artefacts including phototoxicity, increased DNA replication stress and mitotic defects, thereby limiting the ability to characterize various cell cycle phenotypes.

The role of reverse mentoring in medical education: current insights.

Reverse mentoring is a relatively contemporary concept that relies on the reversal of the traditional roles of mentor and mentee and the abolition of the mentorship model as an apprenticeship or hierarchy. Typically, a younger specialist takes on the role of mentor and an older, more experienced specialist the role of mentee. Reverse mentoring is founded in learning and social theories of mentorship and has been practically applied in information technology, business and education fields.

A longitudinal faculty development program: supporting a culture of teaching.

Background: Recent trends in faculty development demonstrate a shift from short term to long-term programs; formal to informal learning in the workplace; individual to group settings; and from individual support to institutional support. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a one-year Clinical Teaching Fellowship (CTF) program designed to equip early career medical practitioners and basic scientists with necessary skills to facilitate Team-based learning (TBL).

Methods: The CTF program provided formal training, a choice of informal professional development activities, and practical co-teaching opportunities in TBL.

Surgical-Site Infection Prevention After Hysterectomy: Use of a Consensus Bundle to Guide Improvement.

Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in women. Surgical-site infections (SSI) after hysterectomy can lead to increased morbidity and mortality as well as readmission, which is associated with increased costs for health systems. The aim of the project was to improve standardization of preoperative education on infection prevention and incorporate the use of preoperative chlorhexidine (CHG) bathing for patients undergoing hysterectomy to decrease rates of SSI.

Dementia-Related Neuropsychological Testing Considerations in Non-Hispanic White and Latino/Hispanic Populations.

Hispanic individuals are at greater risk for health disparities, less than optimal health care, and are diagnosed at later stages of cognitive impairment than white non-Hispanics. Acculturation and different attitudes toward test-taking may result in decrements in performance, especially on unfamiliar measures that emphasize speed and accuracy. Non-Hispanic individuals often outperform Hispanic individuals on cognitive and neuropsychological measures in community and clinical populations.

Why Be One Protein When You Can Affect Many? The Multiple Roles of YB-1 in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma.

Lung cancers and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) have some of the worst 5-year survival rates of all cancer types, primarily due to a lack of effective treatment options for most patients. Targeted therapies have shown some promise in thoracic cancers, although efficacy is limited only to patients harboring specific mutations or target expression. Although a number of actionable mutations have now been identified, a large population of thoracic cancer patients have no therapeutic options outside of first-line chemotherapy.