Revolutionary ZVI-Entrapped Sol-Gel Silica Matrices: Efficient Catalytic Reduction of High-Concentration Halo-Organic Compounds-Addressing Bromoacetic Acid Contamination in Industrial Wastewaters.

The de-halogenation of highly concentrated halo-organic compounds using Zero Valent Iron entrapped in silica matrices as a catalyst was investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Zero Valent Iron-entrapped organically modified silica matrices in transforming highly concentrated hazardous halogenated compounds into environmentally benign materials in the presence of BH. The Zero Valent Iron-entrapped silica gel matrices were synthesized using the sol-gel method.

Adaptive Segmentation of DAPI-stained, C-banded, Aggregated and Overlapping Chromosomes.

Existing algorithms for automated segmentation of chromosomes and centromeres do not work well for condensed, C-banded and DAPI-stained chromosomes and centromeres. Overlapping and aggregation, which frequently occur in metaphase spreads, introduce additional challenges to the counting of chromosomes and centromeres in the Dicentrics Chromosome Assay (DCA). In this paper, we introduce adaptive algorithms, for segmentation of difficult metaphase spreads that include overlapping and aggregated chromosomes.

Effect of Sol-Gel Silica Matrices on the Chemical Properties of Adsorbed/Entrapped Compounds.

The sol-gel process enables the preparation of silica-based matrices with tailored composition and properties that can be used in a variety of applications, including catalysis, controlled release, sensors, separation, etc. Commonly, it is assumed that silica matrices prepared via the sol-gel synthesis route are "inert" and, therefore, do not affect the properties of the substrate or the catalyst. This short review points out that porous silica affects the properties of adsorbed/entrapped species and, in some cases, takes an active part in the reactions.

Unique activity of a Keggin POM for efficient heterogeneous electrocatalytic OER.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) have been well studied and explored in electro/photochemical water oxidation catalysis for over a decade. The high solubility of POMs in water has limited its use in homogeneous conditions. Over the last decade, different approaches have been used for the heterogenization of POMs to exploit their catalytic properties.

Development of Meta-Chemical Surface by Dip-Pen Nanolithography for Precise Electrochemical Lead Sensing.

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is a powerful and unique technique for precisely depositing tiny nano-spherical cap shapes (nanoclusters) onto a desired surface. In this study, a meta-chemical surface (MCS; a pattern with advanced features) is developed by DPN and applied to electrochemical lead sensing, yielding a calibration curve in the ppb range. An ink mixture of PMMA and NTPH (which binds to Pb (II), as supported by DFT calculations) is patterned over a Pt surface.

Heterogeneous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction by a Sol-Gel Electrode with Entrapped Na [Ru (μ-CO ) ]: The Effect of NaHCO.

The Na [Ru (μ-CO ) ] complex is acting as a water oxidation catalyst in a homogeneous system. Due to the significance of heterogeneous systems and the effect of bicarbonate on the kinetic, we studied the bicarbonate effect on the heterogeneous electrocatalyst by entrapping the Na [Ru (μ-CO ) ] complex in a sol-gel matrix. We have developed two types of sol-gel electrodes, which differ by the precursor, and are demonstrating their stability over a minimum of 200 electrochemical cycles.

Dual Role of Silicon-based Matrices in Electron Exchange Matrices for Waste Treatment.

Para chloro aniline (PCA) is a common toxic pollutant found in pharmaceutical wastewater. Our study suggests a novel PCA treatment method based on a heterogeneous advanced oxidation process (AOP) that proceeds in an electron exchange matrix (EEM) prepared by the incorporation of redox-active specie in silica matrices using the sol-gel synthesis route. The results, which are supported by DFT calculations, show that the silicon skeleton of the EEM has two important roles, both as a porous matrix that hosts the redox species and as an oxidant species involved in the AOP.

Metaphase Cells Enrichment for Efficient Use in the Dicentric Chromosome Assay.

The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), is considered the 'gold standard' for radiation biodosimetry. Yet, DCA, as currently implemented, may be impractical for emergency response applications, especially when time is of the essence, owing to its labor-intensive and time-consuming nature. The growth of a primary lymphocyte culture for 48 h in vitro is required for DCA, and manual scoring of dicentric chromosomes (DCs) requires an additional 24-48 h, resulting in an overall processing time of 72-96 h for dose estimation.

Elucidation of a mechanism for the heterogeneous electro-fenton process and its application in the green treatment of azo dyes.

Vast efforts are directed today toward the development of efficient, green methods for the degradation of toxic compounds, especially those that are water-soluble. Though Fenton reactions are commonly used in wastewater treatment, their mechanisms and the active species involved remain obscure due to their mechanistic complexity. In this work, the mechanism of an electro-Fenton reaction, in which a FeLaO catalyst was entrapped in a sol-gel matrix, was studied in the presence of azo dyes as the model for toxic compounds.

Advanced sol-gel process for efficient heterogeneous ring-closing metathesis.

Olefin metathesis, a powerful synthetic method with numerous practical applications, can be improved by developing heterogeneous catalysts that can be recycled. In this study, a single-stage process for the entrapment of ruthenium-based catalysts was developed by the sol-gel process. System effectiveness was quantified by measuring the conversion of the ring-closing metathesis reaction of the substrate diethyl diallylmalonate and the leakage of the catalysts from the matrix.

Controlling the Size and Pattern Pitch of Ni(OH) Nanoclusters Using Dip-Pen Nanolithography to Improve Water Oxidation.

We use dip-pen nanolithography to accurately pattern Ni(OH) nanoclusters on a metachemical surface with an exceptionally large surface area. The distance between the nanoclusters can be manipulated to control the oxygen-evolution reaction current and overpotential, thereby improving the efficiency of the water-splitting process while using minute amounts of the catalyst.

Colostrum of Preeclamptic Women Has a High Level of Polyphenols and Better Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Comparison to That of Healthy Women.

Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy complication. Abnormal development of the placenta is the prevailing cause theory of this complication. Women with preeclampsia suffer from acute oxidative stress and high lipid oxidation in plasma.

The role of carbonate in electro-catalytic water oxidation by using Ni(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane).

NiL are good electro-catalysts for water oxidation in phosphate or carbonate buffers. The results point out that the active oxidizing agents are L(X)NiOH, where X = POH or COH formed from LNiXvia a mechanism involving an acid catalyzed O-P or O-C bond heterolysis. Carbonate behaves differently from phosphate as it is a non-innocent ligand and it can be oxidized.

Role of lycopene in preventing lipid peroxidation products, in commercial infant milk formula.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate whether lycopene from natural sources (tomato extract) is able to protect newborns milk formula, against oxidative damage caused by exposure to hydroxyl radicals, and is there a difference between milk substitutes from various sources.

Methods: Four commercial brands of infant milk formula: two of the formulas were dairy milk (A-d and B-d) and two were based on soy bean vegan milk (A-s and B-s), were exposed to ionizing radiation radical (·OH). Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance test (TBARS).

Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula.

Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. To date, only a few studies have examined the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides. In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp.

Plausible mechanisms of the fenton-like reactions, M = Fe(II) and Co(II), in the presence of RCO2(-) substrates: are OH(•) radicals formed in the process?

DFT calculations concerning the plausible mechanism of Fenton-like reactions catalyzed by Fe(II) and Co(II) cations in the presence of carboxylate ligands suggest that hydroxyl radicals are not formed in these reactions. This conclusion suggests that the commonly accepted mechanisms of Fenton-like reactions induced oxidative stress and advanced oxidation processes have to be reconsidered.

The role of carbonate as a catalyst of Fenton-like reactions in AOP processes: CO3˙(-) as the active intermediate.

Kinetic and DFT results for the carbonate catalysed Co(H2O)6(2+) + H2O2 Fenton-like reaction suggest a mechanism involving the formation of a cyclic transient, cyclic-(CO4)Co(II)(OOH)(H2O)2(-) that decomposes into Co(II)(H2O)(OOH)(OH)2 + CO3˙(-), i.e. no OH˙ radicals are involved.

Three H₂O₂ molecules are involved in the "Fenton-like" reaction between Co(H₂O)₆²⁺ and H₂O₂.

Co(II) complexes and Co(H2O)6(2+) are used as catalysts in advanced oxidation processes. Therefore it was decided to study the kinetics of reaction of Co(H2O)6(2+) with H2O2. Surprisingly, the kinetic results point out that the process involves three consecutive reactions, each of them requiring an H2O2 molecule, i.

Fatty acid composition of breastmilk of Israeli mothers.

We conducted this study to determine the fatty acid composition of breastmilk of Israeli women and compare it with baby milk substitutes. Samples of mature breast milk, from 29 lactating Israeli Jewish mothers were collected during feedings. Total milk lipids extracts were transmethylated and analyzed by using an improved gas-chromatographic method.

Saturated fatty acid composition of human milk in Israel: a comparison between Jewish and Bedouin women.

Background: Breast milk is well established as the ideal source of nutrition for infants. Mature human breast milk generally contains 3.5-4.

The Cu(I) catalyzed Meerwein reaction in aqueous solutions proceeds via a radical mechanism. The effect of several ligands.

The effect of the ligands 2,5,8,11-tetramethyl-2,5,8,11-tetraaza-dodecane and fumarate on the mechanism and kinetics of the Cu(I) catalyzed Meerwein reaction was studied. The results point out that initially the Cu(I) ion binds to the aromatic ring with the diazo substituent. This reaction is followed by a redox process involving N2 loss and the formation of an aryl radical, R˙.

Electron exchange columns through entrapment of a nickel cyclam in a sol-gel matrix.

An electron exchange column (analogous to ion exchange columns) was developed using the unique redox properties of the nickel-tetraazamacrocyclic complexes (nickel cyclam [Ni(II)L(1)](2+)) and nickel-trans-III-meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, ([Ni(II)L(2)](2+)), and the physical and chemical stability of the ceramic materials using the sol-gel process to entrap the complexes. The entrapment by the biphasic sol-gel method is based on non-covalent bonds between the matrix and the complex; therefore the main problem was leaching. Parameters controlling the leaching were investigated.

Role of radicals in the lipid peroxidation products of commercial infant milk formula.

Four commercial brands of infant milk formula were investigated, and the amount of shelf lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) or, more exactly, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, which are the end products of lipid peroxidation. TBARS level, indicated by MDA concentration, was higher in the vegetarian brands. The vegetarian brands are, as expected, more prone to oxidation than dairy brands, as they contain more unsaturated fats.

Labor augmentation with oxytocin decreases glutathione level.

Objective. To compare oxidative stress following spontaneous vaginal delivery with that induced by Oxytocin augmented delivery. Methods.

Oxidative stress as determined by glutathione (GSH) concentrations in venous cord blood in elective cesarean delivery versus uncomplicated vaginal delivery.

Objective: To determine whether neonates are subject to oxidative stress by the labor process and the mode of delivery by measuring glutathione (GSH) concentrations in umbilical cord venous blood.

Study Design: Forty-eight women with singleton term pregnancies were prospectively recruited and classified as follows: 26 women had a spontaneous uncomplicated vaginal delivery (VD), and 22 women had an elective cesarean delivery (CD). GSH concentration in umbilical venous blood samples was determined by a spectroscopic method.