Potassium limits productivity in intensive cereal cropping systems in Southeast Asia.

Potassium (K) has received little attention as a potential yield-limiting factor in cropping systems. Here we investigated the K status in intensive cereal cropping systems in Indonesia, which are representative of many other Southeast Asian countries. Our analysis included nutrient input-output balance, leaf nutrient status, long- and short-term fertilizer trials, and farmer surveys.

Central and peripheral neuromuscular fatigue following ramp and rapid maximal voluntary isometric contractions.

Introduction: Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) as a fatiguing modality have been widely studied, but little attention has been given to the influence of the rate of torque development. Given the established differences in motor command and neuromuscular activation between ramp and rapid MIVCs, it is likely performance fatigue differs as well as the underlying physiological mechanisms.

Purpose: To compare responses for rapid and maximal torque following ramp and rapid MVICs, and the corresponding neuromuscular and corticospinal alterations.

Rapidly Progressing Secondary Organizing Pneumonia Due to Underlying Immunosuppression With Rituximab in SARS-CoV-2 Patients.

Secondary organizing pneumonia (SOP) as a sequela to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) usually has a prolonged benign course with a good response to corticosteroids. We present a case series of three patients who developed rapid progression to organizing pneumonia, after initial presentation with SARS-CoV-2. Imaging revealed rapid interval progression of bilateral subpleural ground glass opacities, and lung biopsy showed dense fibroblastic plugs within the alveoli.

The relationship between heart rate variability and glucose clearance in healthy men and women.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive indicator of the activity of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates many physiological functions including metabolism. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between resting markers of HRV and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) response. Eighteen healthy individuals (10 males, 8 females, (23.

Comparative efficacy of tannin-free grain sorghum varieties for the control of necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens.

A 28-day battery cage study was conducted to test the efficacy of tannin-free grain sorghum varieties fed to Cobb 500 male broiler chickens (n = 512) and challenged with Eimeria maxima (EM) and Clostridium perfringens (CP). Birds were fed 1 of 8 treatments (corn, red/bronze, white/tan, or U.S.

Carbohydrate Rinse Fails to Enhance Cycling Performance or Alter Metabolic and Autonomic Recovery in Recreational Cyclists.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing on autonomic and metabolic recovery as well as cycling performance. Ten male recreational cyclists (age = 30 ± 6 years, VO = 54.5 ± 8.

Apparent metabolizable energy, growth performance and carcass traits of Japanese quail fed select modern grain sorghum varieties.

Objective: This study was performed to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) content of tannin-free red/bronze, white/tan and U.S. No.

Steady agronomic and genetic interventions are essential for sustaining productivity in intensive rice cropping.

Intensive systems with two or three rice ( L.) crops per year account for about 50% of the harvested area for irrigated rice in Asia. Any reduction in productivity or sustainability of these systems has serious implications for global food security.

Steps expressed relative to body fat mass predicts body composition and cardiometabolic risk in adults eating ad libitum.

Background: Excess body fatness is a consequence of a chronic energy surplus (energy intake is greater than energy expenditure). Given the serious health consequences of excess body fatness, factors that influence energy balance and body composition are increasingly important to understand.

Methods: A total of 34 adults between the ages of 19-40 years made a laboratory visit in which height, weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors were quantified.

Field-specific nutrient management using Rice Crop Manager decision support tool in Odisha, India.

The requirement of rice ( L.) for fertilizer can depend on crop and soil management practices, which can vary among fields within a rice-growing area. A web-based decision support tool named Rice Crop Manager (RCM) was developed previously to calculate field-specific rates of fertilizer N, P, and K for rice in Odisha State in eastern India.

Web-based tool for calculating field-specific nutrient management for rice in India.

Site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) can be an alternative to a recommendation for uniform fertilizer use across a rice ( L.) production system within a country or region of a country. We developed a web-based decision support tool named Nutrient Manager for Rice (NMR), which used principles of SSNM to calculate fertilizer N, P, and K rates for individual fields based on a target yield set for each field.

Should Body Size Categories Be More Common in Endurance Running Events?

Thousands of endurance running events are held each year in the United States, and most of them use age and sex categories to account for documented effects of those factors on running performance. However, most running events do not provide categories of body mass, despite abundant evidence that it, too, dramatically influences endurance running performance. The purposes of this article are to (1) discuss how body mass affects endurance running performance, (2) explain several mechanisms through which body mass influences endurance running performance, and (3) suggest possible ways in which body mass might be categorized in endurance running events.

Associations between measures of health-related physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in college students.

Objective: To determine the influence of health-related fitness on cardiometabolic risk factors in college students.

Participants: 75 traditional students (33 men and 42 women, 21.8±1.

Exercise for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: factors to consider with current guidelines.

It has long been established that exercise is powerful medicine for those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), such that it should represent a priority in the treatment and management of that condition. In spite of this, exercise adherence among those with T2DM is low, with lack of time and fear of doing harm commonly cited as reasons for not being more active. Published guidelines for aerobic exercise in those with T2DM recommend only moderate intensity, due to the elevated risk of untoward outcomes with more vigorous exercise in persons with chronic disease.

A tutorial on oxidative stress and redox signaling with application to exercise and sedentariness.

Oxidative stress has been shown to play a role in the etiology of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Free radicals and, most prominently, the superoxide radical, result from oxidative metabolism and several enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and endogenous cellular antioxidants dismutate many reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under certain conditions, ROS production can outpace dismutation (e.

Exercise and glucose control.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased dramatically in the United States over the past 20 years. The American Diabetes Association recommends regular exercise and maintenance of healthy body weight as important in prevention of T2DM, and exercise is also a cornerstone of treatment regimens for persons already diagnosed with T2DM. T2DM most commonly develops via progressive insulin resistance, a state that has been shown to be caused through several pathways, three of which are discussed in this review.

Comparison of an in-helmet temperature monitor system to rectal temperature during exercise.

Body temperature monitoring is crucial in helping to decrease the amount and severity of heat illnesses; however, a practical method of monitoring temperature is lacking. In response to the lack of a practical method of monitoring the temperature of athletes, Hothead Technologies developed a device (HOT), which continuously monitors an athlete's fluctuations in body temperature. HOT measures forehead temperature inside helmets.

Uterine pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma: a case report and review of literature.

Primary pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus is a very rare neoplasm. We describe a 65-year old female with this diagnosis, who underwent an abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymph node dissection. Also included is a discussion on the different types of rhabdomyosarcoma with reviews of their histological features, epidemiology and common sites of origin.

Sulfatase 1 is an inhibitor of ductal morphogenesis with sexually dimorphic expression in the urogenital sinus.

The prostate gland develops from the urogenital sinus in response to circulating androgens. Androgens initiate and stimulate branching morphogenesis in the urogenital sinus via unknown mediators. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are important extracellular molecules that sequester many growth factors in the extracellular matrix and facilitate signaling by some growth factors as part of ternary complexes that include growth factors, receptors, and heparan sulfate chains.

Oxygen cost of sprint training.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to profile the oxygen uptake of sprinters during various portions of a typical sprint training workout.

Methods: This was a descriptive study of 11 female sprinters and jumpers on an NCAA Division II university track team. Subjects were assessed for VO(2max), and VO(2) and HR kinetics during a 65 min typical sprint training session on a treadmill.

The effect of resistive exercise rest interval on hormonal response, strength, and hypertrophy with training.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different between-set rest periods (1 and 2.5 minutes) on changes in hormone response, strength, arm cross-sectional area (CSA), thigh muscular cross-sectional area (MCSA), and body composition during a 10-week training period. Twelve untrained males (24.

Sit-and-reach flexibility and running economy of men and women collegiate distance runners.

Flexibility has been controversially suggested as one of the biomechanical factors contributing to the variability observed in running economy among distance runners. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the magnitude of the relationship between sit-and-reach flexibility and running economy in men and women. Eight collegiate distance runners (4 men and 4 women) served as subjects for this correlational study (age = 19.

The effect of Echinacea purpurea, Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza glabra on CD25 expression in humans: a pilot study.

This phase 0, double-blind, repeated within subject, randomized pilot study examined CD25 expression on T cells after ingestion of three commonly used herbs: Echinacea purpurea, Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza glabra, administered singly and in combination. CD25 expression on T cells was significantly increased for subjects ingesting Echinacea at 24 h with notable increases in activation from Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza. CD25 expression remains elevated with daily use of Echinacea for at least 7 days.

Intelligent biosynthetic nanobiomaterials for hyperthermic combination chemotherapy and thermal drug targeting of HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin.

An intelligent biosynthetic nanobiomaterial (IBN) platform was explored for drug delivery applications for hyperthermic combination chemotherapy and thermal drug targeting. Geldanamycin (GA), a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, was conjugated to novel thermosensitive poly(K)(8)-poly(VPGXG)(60) block copolymers [K(8)-ELP(1-60)] with guest residues as valine, alanine and glycine in a 5:2:3 ratio at the 'X' position. The conjugates were completely soluble in PBS and showed a characteristic thermosensitive inverse phase transition.