Publications by authors named "Bures J"

Background/aims: The functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) relies on the principle of impedance planimetry that enables direct measurement of intraluminal pressure, cross-sectional areas, and wall biomechanical properties. The aim of our pilot project was to introduce this method to assess function of the lower oesophageal sphincter and pyloric muscle in experimental pigs.

Methods: All measurements were accomplished in one session in six adult female pigs (mean weight 34.

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The catalytic activity of different classes of boron catalysts was studied in amidation reactions with 4-phenylbutylamine/benzoic acid, and with 2-aminopyridine/phenylacetic acid. Whilst a simple boronic acid catalyst showed high catalytic activity with the former substrates, it was completely inactive in the latter reaction. In contrast, a borate ester catalyst was able to mediate the amidation of both substrate pairs with moderate activity.

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We assessed the diagnostic performance of the Narrow-Band Imaging (NBI) International Colorectal Endoscopic Classification (NICE) and the Japan NBI Expert Team classification (JNET) in predicting histological outcomes of advanced colorectal lesions. Additionally, we evaluated the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the JNET and NICE classifications individually for high-grade lesions (including HGD adenomas, intramucosal carcinomas, and T1 carcinomas). This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, involving 211 patients (130 men, mean age 60 years) who underwent colonoscopy with endoscopic resection of advanced colorectal neoplasia (lesions ≥ 10 mm).

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Tacrine is a centrally active non-competitive reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It also exerts antagonising activity against -methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Tacrine was approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in 1993, but was withdrawn from clinical use in 2013 because of its hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal side effects.

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Article Synopsis
  • Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is a serious condition with high mortality rates, and current treatments like corticosteroids have limited effectiveness, prompting the exploration of new therapies such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
  • This study aimed to investigate the impact of FMT on 30- and 90-day mortality in SAH patients who did not respond to or were ineligible for corticosteroids, as well as to identify outcomes and factors influencing patient survival.
  • The research involved a prospective analysis of adult patients receiving FMT, comparing their outcomes with a control group who received standard care, and evaluating various prognostic factors related to SAH outcomes.
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Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a very poor prognosis, with near-identical incidence and mortality. According to the World Health Organization Globocan Database, the estimated number of new cases worldwide will rise by 70% between 2020 and 2040. There are no effective screening methods available so far, even for high-risk individuals.

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Background: There is no single gold standard for investigation of gastrointestinal motility function. Wireless motility monitoring involves a novel concept which provides a complex information on gastrointestinal function (gastrointestinal transit time, intra-luminal pH, pressure and temperature). Gastrointestinal motility functions of experimental pigs are very similar to those of humans.

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In this article we report that a cationic version of Akiba's Bi complex catalyzes the reduction of amides to amines using silane as hydride donor. The catalytic system features low catalyst loadings and mild conditions, en route to secondary and tertiary aryl- and alkylamines. The system tolerates functional groups such as alkene, ester, nitrile, furan and thiophene.

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  • Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used for treating Alzheimer's disease and can cause gastrointestinal side effects, which this study aimed to investigate through its effects on gastric function in pigs.
  • Six female pigs were divided into two groups to receive either a single dose or a repeated daily dose of rivastigmine, followed by monitoring their gastric activity using electrogastrography (EGG).
  • Results indicated that both single and repeated doses of rivastigmine significantly affected gastric motility, with notable changes in EGG power and dominant frequency observed in both groups.
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Background: Coverage by examinations is a crucial indicator of the future impact on the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aimed to evaluate coverage by examinations associated with CRC screening and early cancer detection of CRC in the Czech Republic. The burden of CRC was also assessed.

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Introduction: Pathogenic strains of have been clearly identified as the causative agents of extraintestinal and diarrheal infections; however, the etiopathogenic role of in other conditions, including colorectal cancer, remains unclear.

Methods: This study aimed to characterize mucosal isolates ( = 246) from 61 neoplasia patients and 20 healthy controls for the presence of 35 genetic determinants encoding known virulence factors.

Results: Virulence determinants encoding invasin (), siderophore receptor (), S-fimbriae (), and genotoxin () were more prevalent among isolated from patients with neoplasia compared to the control group ( < 0.

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Orders in catalyst greater than one can be attributed to several different reaction mechanisms. Differentiating among these possibilities requires careful analysis of their rate laws, rational experiment design and accurate measurement of the progress of the reactions. We have compiled the most popular mechanisms proposed for reactions with an order in catalyst greater than one and derived their steady-state rate laws.

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Introduction: To date, there is not generally accepted and universal indicator of activity, and functional integrity of the small intestine in patients with coeliac disease. The aim of our study was to investigate whether serum concentrations of the non-essential amino acids citrulline and ornithine might have this function.

Methods: We examined serum citrulline and ornithine concentrations in a subgroup of patients with proven coeliac disease and healthy controls (blood donors).

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A mechanistic understanding of catalytic organic reactions is crucial for the design of new catalysts, modes of reactivity and the development of greener and more sustainable chemical processes. Kinetic analysis lies at the core of mechanistic elucidation by facilitating direct testing of mechanistic hypotheses from experimental data. Traditionally, kinetic analysis has relied on the use of initial rates, logarithmic plots and, more recently, visual kinetic methods, in combination with mathematical rate law derivations.

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Background: Systemic anti-cancer immunotherapy provides a substantial progress in options of current oncology treatment. Yet, this therapeutic approach is potentially associated with a significant gastrointestinal toxicity.

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on pathogenesis, clinical features, dia gnostics and therapy of these toxicities.

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We report the evaluation of density-functional-theory (DFT) based procedures for predicting F NMR chemical shifts at modest computational cost for a range of molecules with fluorine bonds, to be used as a tool for assisting the characterisation of reaction intermediates and products and as an aid to identifying mechanistic pathways. The results for a balanced learning set of molecules were then checked using two further testing sets, resulting in the recommendation of the ωB97XD/aug-cc-pvdz DFT method and basis set as having the best combination of accuracy and computational time, with a RMS error of 3.57 ppm.

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(1) Background: this prospective study was focused on detailed analysis of the mutation heterogeneity in colorectal lesions removed during baseline (index) colonoscopy to identify patients at high risk of early occurrence of metachronous adenomas. (2) Methods: a total of 120 patients after endoscopic therapy of advanced colorectal neoplasia size ≥10 mm (index lesion) with subsequent surveillance colonoscopy after 10-18 months were included. In total, 143 index lesions and 84 synchronous lesions in paraffin blocks were divided into up to 30 samples.

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Observations of nonlinear effects of catalyst enantiopurity on product enantiomeric excess in asymmetric catalysis are often used to infer that more than one catalyst species is involved in one or more reaction steps. We demonstrate here, however, that in the case of asymmetric catalytic cascade reactions, a nonlinear effect may be observed in the absence of any higher order catalyst species or any reaction step involving two catalyst species. We illustrate this concept with an example from a recent report of an organocatalytic enantioselective [10 + 2] stepwise cyclization reaction.

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Despite the wealth of existing organocatalytic, enantioselective transformations, the α-bromination of aldehydes remains a challenging reaction. The four examples reported to date require expensive, inconvenient brominating agents to achieve the desired products in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The preferred brominating agent, -bromosuccinimide (NBS), has been repeatedly discarded for these reactions because it results in low yields and relatively poor enantioselectivities.

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The mortality rates of gastric carcinoma remain high, despite the progress in research and development in disease mechanisms and treatment. Therefore, recognition of gastric precancerous lesions and early neoplasia is crucial. Two subtypes of sporadic gastric cancer have been recognized: cardia subtype and non-cardia (distal) subtype, the latter being more frequent and largely associated with infection of , a class I carcinogen.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the role of antioxidant enzyme gene expression in Crohn's disease (CD) by analyzing surgically removed intestinal tissues from 28 patients, focusing on both inflamed and normal areas.* -
  • Results showed significantly lower levels of SOD1 and GSR mRNA in inflamed tissues, suggesting a potential link between reduced antioxidant defenses and tissue damage in CD, while no significant differences were observed for other enzymes like SOD2 and GPX.* -
  • The findings indicate that antioxidant gene expression varies in CD, with decreased SOD1 and GSR possibly contributing to localized tissue injury from reactive oxygen species.*
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Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is one of the most efficient methods for the examination of gastrointestinal tracts. Computer-aided intelligent diagnostic tools alleviate the challenges faced during manual inspection of long WCE videos. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature for the automatic detection and localization of anomalies in WCE images.

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Background: Gastrointestinal injury caused by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) is a reliable porcine experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN 114001 (LC) on DSS-induced experimental IBD.

Results: Eighteen female pigs (Sus scrofa f.

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Galantamine has been used as a treatment for Alzheimer disease. It has a unique, dual mode of action (inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors). Nausea (in about 20%), vomiting (10%) and diarrhoea (5-7%) are the most common side effects.

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