Behavioral interventions for obesity in children and adults: Evidence base, novel approaches, and translation into practice.

Obesity in adults has nearly doubled in the past 30 years and has risen similarly in children and adolescents. Obesity affects all systems of the body, and the serious health consequences of obesity include an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, such as Type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure, which are occurring at ever younger ages. The present article introduces traditional behavioral weight loss strategies designed to change energy-balance behaviors (i.

The Mst1 Kinase Is Required for Follicular B Cell Homing and B-1 B Cell Development.

The Mst1 and 2 cytosolic serine/threonine protein kinases are the mammalian orthologs of the Drosophila Hippo protein. Mst1 has been shown previously to participate in T-cell and B-cell trafficking and the migration of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs in a cell intrinsic manner. We show here that the absence of Mst1 alone only modestly impacts B cell homing to lymph nodes.

Training models for implementing evidence-based psychological treatment for college mental health: A cluster randomized trial study protocol.

Mental disorders often emerge in adolescence and young adulthood, and these disorders can have lasting effects on students' health, social functioning, and education. Although evidence-based treatments have been established for many mental disorders, few community therapists use such treatments. What is needed is a practical, economically feasible means of training clinicians to implement evidence-based treatments suitable for widespread use.

Depressive symptoms and glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes participating in the TODAY clinical trial.

The relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes was assessed at baseline (n = 682), 6, and/or 24 months (n = 576). Neither baseline nor persistence of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with maintenance of glycemic control. Nevertheless, depressive symptoms were common, suggesting the importance of repeated screening.

Adherence to a lifestyle program for youth with type 2 diabetes and its association with treatment outcome in the TODAY clinical trial.

Objective: To assess the association of proxies of behavioral adherence to the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) lifestyle program with changes in glycemic control and obesity in a multi-ethnic sample of youth with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The TODAY clinical trial included an intensive lifestyle intervention to promote weight reduction. Adherence was assessed with measures of attendance at intervention sessions and rates of self-monitoring of diet and physical activity by participants and their caregivers.

Structure to utilize interventionists' implementation experiences of a family-based behavioral weight management program to enhance the dissemination of the standardized intervention: The TODAY study.

Background For a 2- to 6-year period, interventionists for the TODAY (Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth) randomized clinical trial delivered a family-based, behavioral weight-loss program (the TODAY Lifestyle Program) to 234 youth with type 2 diabetes. Interventionists held at least a bachelor's degree in psychology, social work, education, or health-related field and had experience working with children and families, especially from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. This article describes the administrative and organizational structure of the lifestyle program and how the structure facilitated collaboration among study leadership and lifestyle interventionists on the tailoring of the program to best suit the needs of the trial's diverse patient population.

Weight change in the management of youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the TODAY clinical trial experience.

Background: The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial documented that metformin plus rosiglitazone, but not metformin plus lifestyle intervention, provided superior durability of glycemic control relative to metformin monotherapy.

Objectives: We examined weight changes among TODAY participants that completed at least 6 months of treatment, evaluated predictors of lifestyle outcome, and examined whether weight changes were related to cardiometabolic outcomes across treatment arms.

Methods: The 595 youth with type 2 diabetes, (85.

Radiocephalic fistulas for hemodialysis: a comparison of techniques.

The radiocephalic fistula dates back to the 1960s with good long-term survival and a low incidence of complications. The standard practice of creating an end cephalic vein to side radial artery fistula (ETS) has a high incidence of early thrombosis and failure to mature, which limits its efficacy. The hypothesis is that a 1.

Lifestyle interventions to reduce diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk among children.

Diseases once associated with older adulthood, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents. Interventions designed to assist adults in modifying dietary and physical activity habits have been shown to help prevent the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adults. Given the unfortunate rise in both of these diseases in pediatric populations, it is increasingly important to begin prevention efforts in childhood or prenatally.

Adherence to behavioral targets and treatment attendance during a pediatric weight control trial.

Objective: Better weight loss outcomes are achieved in adults and youth who adhere to obesity treatment regimens (i.e., session attendance and prescribed changes in weight control behaviors).

Lifetime trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in women sentenced to drug court.

The aims of this study were to characterize trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in female drug court participants and test for differences in socioeconomic status and familial status between women with: (i) no trauma exposure, (ii) trauma exposure without PTSD, and (iii) trauma exposure resulting in PTSD. Three hundred and nineteen women were recruited from drug courts. Rates of exposure and likelihood of traumatic events leading to PTSD were examined, sociodemographic characteristics were compared across groups, and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to test for differences in PTSD risk for assaultive vs.

The Mst1 and Mst2 kinases control activation of rho family GTPases and thymic egress of mature thymocytes.

The Mst1 kinase is an important regulator of murine T cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. In this study, we analyze mice lacking both Mst1 and Mst2 in hematopoietic cells. Compared with wild-type mice, these double knockout (DKO) mice exhibit a severe reduction in the number of mature T cells in the circulation and in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs).

Binge eating, mood, and quality of life in youth with type 2 diabetes: baseline data from the today study.

Objective: The current study examines the prevalence of binge eating and its association with adiposity and psychosocial functioning in a large, diverse sample of youth with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: In the TODAY study, 678 (mean age 14.0 years; 64.

Chromatin protein L3MBTL1 is dispensable for development and tumor suppression in mice.

L3MBTL1, a paralogue of Drosophila tumor suppressor lethal(3)malignant brain tumor (l(3)mbt), binds histones in a methylation state-dependent manner and contributes to higher order chromatin structure and transcriptional repression. It is the founding member of a family of MBT domain-containing proteins that has three members in Drosophila and nine in mice and humans. Knockdown experiments in cell lines suggested that L3MBTL1 has non-redundant roles in the suppression of oncogene expression.

An eating disorder-specific model of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-ED): causal pathways and treatment implications.

Several studies support the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) in the treatment of eating disorders. Treatment outcomes are likely to be augmented through a greater understanding, and hence treatment targeting, of the mechanisms whereby IPT induces therapeutic gains. To this end, the present paper seeks to develop a theoretical model of IPT in the context of eating disorders (IPT-ED).

The use of biosimulation in the design of a novel multilevel weight loss maintenance program for overweight children.

Weight loss outcomes achieved through conventional behavior change interventions are prone to deterioration over time. Basic learning laboratory studies in the area of behavioral extinction and renewal and multilevel models of weight control offer clues as to why newly acquired weight loss skills are prone to relapse. According to these models, current clinic-based interventions may not be of sufficient duration or scope to allow for the practice of new skills across the multiple community contexts necessary to promote sustainable weight loss.

TEL-AML1 corrupts hematopoietic stem cells to persist in the bone marrow and initiate leukemia.

The initial steps in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia remain incompletely understood. The TEL-AML1 gene fusion, the hallmark translocation in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and the first hit, occurs years before the clinical disease, most often in utero. We have generated mice in which TEL-AML1 expression is driven from the endogenous promoter and can be targeted to specific populations.

Analysis of histone 2B-GFP retention reveals slowly cycling hematopoietic stem cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are thought to divide infrequently based on their resistance to cytotoxic injury targeted at rapidly cycling cells and have been presumed to retain labels such as the thymidine analog 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). However, BrdU retention is neither a sensitive nor specific marker for HSCs. Here we show that transient, transgenic expression of a histone 2B (H2B)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein in mice has several advantages for label-retention studies over BrdU, including rapid induction of H2B-GFP in virtually all HSCs, higher labeling intensity and the ability to prospectively study label-retaining cells, which together permit a more precise analysis of division history.

Lifestyle interventions in the treatment of childhood overweight: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials.

Context: Evaluating the efficacy of pediatric weight loss treatments is critical.

Objective: This is the first meta-analysis of the efficacy of RCTs comparing pediatric lifestyle interventions to no-treatment or information/education-only controls.

Data Sources: Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.

Effects of diabetes and cadaveric organs on functional performance and health-related quality of life after kidney transplantation.

Background: The current study was undertaken to identify factors specific to kidney transplantation that are associated with posttransplant functional performance (FP) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods: Karnofsky FP status was assessed longitudinally in 86 adult kidney transplant recipients. Patients reported HRQOL using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS).

Differences in bioavailability between oral cyclosporine formulations in maintenance renal transplant patients.

Previous studies of healthy volunteers and small numbers of transplant recipients have suggested that the oral solution formulation of Sandimmune (cyclosporine [CsA]; Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ) is bioequivalent to the soft gelatin capsule (SGC) formulation. However, there is conflicting evidence as to whether the two formulations are bioequivalent in all patients; to date, there are no published studies that explicitly address their bioequivalence in patients. We conducted a randomized, open-label, two-sequence, two-period, crossover study.

Comparison of arcuate-legged clipped versus sutured hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct anastomoses.

Attempts at improving anastomoses have included the development of stapling techniques. Our purpose was to evaluate arcuate-legged clipped versus standard sutured anastomoses of the hepatic artery (HA), portal vein (PV), and bile duct in a porcine liver transplantation model. Two groups of pigs were studied intraoperatively and 1 day after liver transplantation.