Paranoid and teleological thinking give rise to distinct social hallucinations in vision.

Paranoia (believing others intend harm) and excess teleological thinking (ascribing too much purpose) are non-consensual beliefs about agents. Human vision rapidly detects agents and their intentions. Might paranoia and teleology have roots in visual perception? Using displays that evoke the impression that one disc ('wolf') is chasing another ('sheep'), we find that paranoia and teleology involve perceiving chasing when there is none (studies 1 and 2) - errors we characterize as social hallucinations.

The Blindfold Test: Helping to decide whether an effect reflects visual processing or higher-level judgment.

Experimenters often ask subjects to rate displays in terms of high-level visual properties, such as animacy. When do such studies measure subjects' visual impressions, and when do they merely reflect their judgments that certain features should indicate animacy? Here we introduce the 'Blindfold Test' for helping to evaluate the evidence for whether an effect reflects perception or judgment. If the same effect can be obtained not only with visual displays but also by simply describing those displays, then subjects' responses may reflect higher-level reasoning rather than visual processing-and so other evidence is needed in order to support a 'perceptual' interpretation.

Stereodynamic control of nonadiabatic processes in low-energy Be(P) + H ( = 0, = 2) collisions.

Controlling the relative arrangement of colliding molecules is crucial for determining the dynamical outcomes of chemical processes and has emerged as a hot spot of experimental research. Here, the quantum scattering calculations are conducted to investigate the stereodynamic control in collisions between Be(P) and H ( = 0, = 2), which undergo nonadiabatic transitions to the electronic ground state. Stereodynamic preparation is achieved by controlling the initial alignment of the H bond axis relative to the scattering frame.

Quantum Dynamics Studies of the Li + Na ( = 0, = 0) → Na + NaLi Reaction on a New Neural Network Potential Energy Surface.

The ultracold reaction offers a unique opportunity to elucidate the intricate microscopic mechanism of chemical reactions, and the NaLi system serves as a pivotal reaction system in the investigation of ultracold reactions. In this work, a high-precision potential energy surface (PES) of the NaLi system is constructed based on high-level ab initio energy points and the neural network (NN) method, and a proper asymptotic functional form is adopted for the long-range interaction, which is suitable for the study of cold or ultracold collisions. Based on the new NN PES, the dynamics of the Li + Na ( = 0, = 0) → Na + NaLi reaction are studied in the collision energy range of 10 to 80 cm.

A neural network potential energy surface of the Li system and quantum dynamics studies for the Li + Li → LiLi + Li reaction.

A high-precision global potential energy surface (PES) of the Li system is constructed based on high-level calculations, and the root-mean-square error is 5.54 cm. The short-range of the PES is fitted by the fundamental invariant neural network (FI-NN) method, while the long-range uses a function with an accurate asymptotic potential energy form, and the two regions are connected by a switching function.

The influence of stereodynamical control on the nonadiabatic effects in the D + HD (v = 1, j = 2) → D2 + H reaction.

Stereodynamics is a field that studies the influence of the alignment or orientation of colliding partners on the results of collisions. At present, the intersection of nonadiabatic effects and stereodynamics remains to be explored. In this study, we theoretically demonstrate significant stereodynamical effects in the D + HD (v = 1, j = 2) → D2 + H reaction within the collision energy range of 0.

Unveiling Quantum Interference in the D + H Nonadiabatic Reaction Dynamics at Low Collision Energies.

Fully converged nonadiabatic dynamics calculations of the D + H → H + HD reaction are performed at low temperatures using the time-dependent wave packet approach based on a set of precise 3 × 3 diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) ( , 2021, 23, 7735-7747, DOI: 10.1039/D0CP04100A). The D + H reaction is mediated by a dense manifold of resonances associated with the deep potential well on the ground-state PES.

Rotating objects cue spatial attention via the perception of frictive surface contact.

We report a new attentional cueing effect, which shows how attention models the physical force of friction. Most objects we see are in frictive contact with a 'floor', such that clockwise rotation causes rightward movement and counterclockwise rotation leftward movement. Is this regularity encoded in spatial orienting responses? In Experiment 1, seeing a clockwise-rotating 'wheel' produced faster responses to subsequent targets appearing on the right vs.

An effective approximation of Coriolis coupling in reactive scattering: application to the time-dependent wave packet calculations.

Coriolis coupling plays a crucial role in reactive scattering, but dynamics calculations including the complete Coriolis coupling significantly increase the difficulty of numerical evolution due to the corresponding expensive matrix processing. The coupled state approximation that completely ignores the off-diagonal Coriolis coupling saves computational cost significantly but its error is usually unacceptable. In this paper, an improved coupled state approximation inspired by recently published results [D.

A neural network potential energy surface for the Li + LiNa → Li + Na reaction and quantum dynamics study from ultracold to thermal energies.

An improved fundamental invariant neural network (FI-NN) approach for representing a potential energy surface (PES) involving permutation symmetry is introduced in this work. In this approach, FIs are regarded as symmetric neurons, thus avoiding complex preprocessing of training set data, especially when the training set contains gradient data. In this work, the improved FI-NN method, combined with simultaneous fitting of the energy and gradient strategy, is used for constructing a global accurate PES of a LiNa system (root-mean-square error of 12.

May the force be against you: Better visual sensitivity to speed changes opposite to gravity.

Beyond seemingly lower-level features such as color and motion, visual perception also recovers properties more commonly associated with higher-level thought, as when an upwardly accelerating object is seen not just as moving, but moreover as self-propelled, and resisting the force of gravity. Given past research demonstrating the prioritization of living things in attention and memory, here we hypothesized that observers would be more sensitive to an object's speed changes if those speed changes were opposite to natural gravitational acceleration. Across six experiments, we found that observers were more sensitive to objects' accelerations when they moved upward (when those accelerations were opposite to gravity) and less sensitive to their accelerations when they moved downward (when those accelerations were consistent with gravity).

Globally Accurate Gaussian Process Potential Energy Surface and Quantum Dynamics Studies on the Li(S) + Na → LiNa + Na Reaction at Low Collision Energies.

The LiNa reactive system has recently received great attention in the experimental study of ultracold chemical reactions, but the corresponding theoretical calculations have not been carried out. Here, we report the first globally accurate ground-state LiNa potential energy surface (PES) using a Gaussian process model based on only 1776 actively selected high-level ab initio training points. The constructed PES had high precision and strong generalization capability.

Electronically Nonadiabatic Effects on the Quantum Dynamics of the H + BeH → Be + HH; H + BeH Reactions.

Nonadiabatic effects are ubiquitous and play an important role in many chemical processes. Here, the adiabatic and nonadiabatic quantum scattering calculations of the H + BeH reaction are performed using the time-dependent wave packet method based on an accurate diabatic potential energy matrix that includes the lowest two electronic states and their couplings. The resulting integral cross sections reveal that the nonadiabatic effect significantly inhibits the reactivity of the BeH-depletion channel but enhances that of the H-exchange channel.

Time-dependent wave packet dynamics study of the resonances in the H + LiH( = 0, = 0) → Li + H reaction at low collision energies.

The depletion process of LiH by H collision plays an important role in the evolution of the early universe and astrophysical processes, including the eventual charge-states, abundances of atomic and molecular species and ensuing astrochemistry. Here, a quantum dynamics study on the H + LiH( = 0, = 0) → Li + H reaction is performed at the low collision energy range from 0.1 meV to 10 meV using the time-dependent wave packet method.

Wave Packet Approach to Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Cold Inelastic Scatterings.

Due to the extremely large de Broglie wavelength of cold molecules, cold inelastic scattering is always characterized by the time-independent close-coupling (TICC) method. However, the TICC method is difficult to apply to collisions of large molecular systems. Here, we present a new strategy for characterizing cold inelastic scattering using wave packet (WP) method.

Stereodynamics-Controlled Product Branching in the Nonadiabatic H + NaD → Na(3s, 3p) + HD Reaction at Low Temperatures.

Nonadiabatic processes play an important role at energies near or higher than conical intersection of adiabatic potential energy surfaces in chemical reactions. In this work, dynamics of the nonadiabatic H + NaD reaction at low temperatures are studied by using the quantum wave packet method based on an improved L-shaped grid. The nonadiabatic H + NaD reaction has two exothermic reaction channels: Na(3s) + HD and Na(3p) + HD; the latter can only occur nonadiabatic transition.

Quantum Wave Packet Treatment of Cold Nonadiabatic Reactive Scattering at the State-To-State Level.

Cold and ultracold collisions are dominated by quantum effects, such as resonances, tunneling, and nonadiabatic transitions between different electronic states. Due to the extremely long de Broglie wavelength in such processes, quantum reactive scattering is most conveniently characterized using the time-independent close-coupling (TICC) methods. However, the TICC approach is difficult for systems with a large number of channels because of its steep numerical scaling laws.

Feshbach resonances in D + HD(v = 1, j = 0) reaction at low collision energies.

Feshbach resonances in D + HD(v = 1, j = 0) reaction are studied by using the time-independent quantum method. The integral cross section (ICS) results present three Feshbach resonance peaks, which are different from H + HD(v = 1, j = 0) reaction dominated by only one peak. These resonances are attributed to coupling with adiabatic effective potentials of D + HD(v = 1, j = 1) reaction, and the most obvious peak is contributed by J = 1 at 83.

Hidden intentions: Visual awareness prioritizes perceived attention even without eyes or faces.

Eye contact is a powerful social signal, and it readily captures attention. Recent work has suggested that direct gaze is prioritized even unconsciously: faces rendered invisible via interocular suppression enter awareness faster when they look directly at (vs. away from) you.

Gazing Without Eyes: A "Stare-in-the-Crowd" Effect Induced by Simple Geometric Shapes.

Of the many effects that eye contact has, perhaps the most powerful is the effect, wherein faces are detected more readily when they look directly toward you. This is commonly attributed to others' eyes being especially salient visual stimuli, but here we ask whether stares-in-the-crowd might arise instead from a deeper property that the eyes (but not only the eyes) signify: the direction of others' attention and intentions. In fact, even simple geometric shapes can be seen as intentional, as when numerous randomly scattered cones are all consistently pointing at .

Dynamics study on the non-adiabatic Na(3p) + HD → NaH/NaD + D/H reaction: insertion-abstraction mechanism.

Time-dependent wave packet calculations are carried out for two reaction channels of the non-adiabatic Na(3p) + HD → NaH/NaD + D/H reaction. The potential well on the excited state potential energy surface makes the reaction preferable to proceed through the insertion reaction path. The dominance of the NaD + H reaction channel and product rotational state distributions are found to be in agreement with the characteristics of typical adiabatic insertion reactions.

Contributions of Persons Living With Dementia to Scientific Research Meetings. Results From the National Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons With Dementia and Their Caregivers.

Objective: Inclusion of patients in research activities has increased in the United States but no guidelines for inclusion of individuals with cognitive impairment exist. The experiences from the Persons Living with Dementia (PLWD) Stakeholder Group that formed to support the first National Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers provided a test of feasibility of this type of participation for a major research meeting and an opportunity to understand specific contributions of the Group.

Methods: The PLWD Stakeholder Group was formed by Summit co-chairs as one of six stakeholder groups charged with providing input into the Summit agenda and meeting recommendations.

The Experiences of Persons Living with Dementia Planning for a Dementia Research Meeting. Lessons Learned From the National Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons With Dementia and Their Caregivers.

Objective: A stakeholder group for persons living with dementia (PLWD) was convened to support the work of a major US dementia research meeting. The objectives of this examination are to present the steps used to implement the Group and guidance for both PLWD and researchers for partnering on research conference planning and participation.

Methods: PLWD met monthly to provide input into the agenda for the 2017 Research Summit on Dementia Care and some Group members also presented at the Summit.

Intentionally distracting: Working memory is disrupted by the perception of other agents attending to you - even without eye-gaze cues.

Of all the visual stimuli you can perceive, perhaps the most important are other people's eyes. And this is especially true when those eyes are looking at you: direct gaze has profound influences, even at the level of basic cognitive processes such as working memory. For example, memory for the properties of simple geometric shapes is disrupted by the presence of other eyes gazing at you.