Process Evaluations of Diabetes Self-Management Programs: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of process evaluations (PEs) of diabetes self-management programs (DSMPs).

Data Source: An electronic search using Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (Ensco), Academic Search (Ebsco), and APA PsycInfo (Ebsco).

Study Inclusion And Exclusion Criteria: Peer-reviewed, empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method studies were included if they (1) were a traditional, group-based DSMP, (2) involved adults at least 18 years with T1DM or T2DM, (3) were a stand-alone or embedded PE, and (4) published in English.

Qualitative Inquiry of African American Female Church Leaders on Facilitators and Barriers of Conducting Adult Health Programs Within African American Churches: A Pilot Study Using a Socioecological Perspective Within the United States.

Despite the success of health programs conducted within African American (AA) churches, research has been limited in understanding the facilitators and barriers of conducting adult health programs in churches led by female AA pastors/leaders. In addition, research has yet to analyze the effect of policy on these church-based health programs. Thus, this pilot study's objective is to use the socio-ecological model (SEM) as a framework to explore female AA pastors' and church leaders' perspectives, in the U.

Global research on syndemics: a meta-knowledge analysis (2001-2020).

Background: Syndemics or synergies of cooccurring epidemics are widely studied across health and social sciences in recent years.

Methods: We conducted a meta-knowledge analysis of articles published between 2001 to 2020 in this growing field of academic scholarship.

Results: We found a total of 830 articles authored by 3025 authors, mostly from high-income countries.

Body Mass Index and Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening.

Background: Breast and cervical cancer screening are responsible for dramatically reducing cancer deaths. Overweight and obesity are associated with deleterious health outcomes, including increased risk of developing cancer. This study adds to the existing literature examining the association of having overweight and obesity and receipt of breast or cervical cancer screening.

Differences in the attitudes towards the opioid crisis between metropolitan and rural counties in Central Texas: Secondary data analysis using cross-sectional data.

This study examined metropolitan and rural differences regarding concerns about opioid misuse and support for different strategies to reduce opioid use disorder risk in areas not designated as high-risk. This study used cross-sectional data from a regional community health assessment, which was collected in 2019 using a combination of stratified random sampling and clinic-based purposive sampling in Central Texas. The secondary data included 430 and 270 respondents from metropolitan and rural (not metropolitan) counties, respectively.

Rapid infusion of fish oil-based lipid emulsions: Is there a risk of fat overload syndrome? A case report of rapid administration.

What Is Known And Objectives: Errors involving the delivery of IVFE containing soybean oil have known significant complications, including fat overload syndrome. However, little is known regarding the risks of fat overload syndrome with other types of lipid emulsions.

Case Summary: We describe a medication administration error that resulted in rapid fish oil-base lipid emulsion (Omegaven) infusion in a five-month-old infant with parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD).

Facilitators and Barriers When Conducting Adult Health Programs Within the African American Church: A Systematic Review.

Despite the success of health programs conducted within African American (AA) churches, research has been limited in understanding facilitators and barriers that exist when conducting adult health programs within AA churches. Thus, the objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify these facilitators and barriers. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and studies that met the eligibility criteria were divided based on their focus: disease topic or behavior, health promotion activities, or church readiness.

Impervious surface and local abiotic conditions influence arthropod communities within urban greenspaces.

The abundance of arthropods is declining globally, and human-modification of natural habitat is a primary driver of these declines. Arthropod declines are concerning because arthropods mediate critical ecosystem functions, and sustained declines may lead to cascading trophic effects. There is growing evidence that properly managed urban environments can provide refugium to arthropods, but few cities have examined arthropods within urban greenspaces to evaluate their management efforts.

Navigating healthcare systems before and after resettlement: Exploring experiences and recommendations for improvement from the perspectives of a Bhutanese refugee community.

Background: Though refugees often survive in refugee camps for many years, little is known about the impact of their interactions within the healthcare system during that time and how it may affect current concerns with the healthcare system after resettlement. Guiding our analysis was the Community Health Development model, which emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact of historical experiences on a community's health to identify specific current health needs, and plan solutions alongside the community to address and improve health concerns.

Objective: To better understand the healthcare system related experiences of Bhutanese refugees before and after resettlement, and describe potential solutions based on their perspectives to improve their health status.

The Association between Prolonged Antibiotic Use in Culture Negative Infants and Length of Hospital Stay and Total Hospital Costs.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if prolonged antibiotic use at birth in neonates with a negative blood culture increases the total cost of hospital stay.

Study Design: This was a retrospective study performed at a 60-bed level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Neonates born <30 weeks of gestation or <1,500 g between 2016 and 2018 who received antibiotics were included.

Vigilance, Resilience, and Intent to Pursue Medicine Among Underrepresented Students.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. It is crucial that we understand what challenges still exist for underrepresented in medicine (URiM) students on the path to medicine in order to design more effective pipeline programs.

Identification of promotion and prevention associated surgeon behaviors in the operating room to facilitate resident self-regulated learning.

Background: The regulatory focus theory (RFT) posits that people can pursue goals with a promotion or prevention focus. Greater alignment of RFT motivational styles between faculty and residents may enhance resident operative autonomy. This study establishes a set of faculty behaviors residents can identify to infer faculty motivational styles.

Rural-urban differences in estimated life expectancy associated with neighborhood-level cumulative social and environmental determinants.

Diverse neighborhood-level environmental and social impacts on health are well documented. While studies typically examine these impacts individually, examining potential health impacts from multiple sources as a whole can provide a broader context of overall neighborhood-level health impacts compared to examining each component independently. This study examined the association between cumulative neighborhood-level potential health impacts on health and expected life expectancy within neighborhoods (census tracts) across Texas using the Neighborhood Potential Health Impact Score tool.

Anxiety and depressive symptoms and missing breast cancer and cervical screening: results from Brazos valley community health survey.

Breast and cervical cancer screening are associated with dramatically reduced cancer mortality. Mental illnesses have been demonstrated to influence preventative behaviours. This study aims to explore whether anxiety or depressive symptoms is associated with breast and cervical cancer screening.

Factors that influence the intention to use mobile phone caller tunes for patient reporting of adverse drug reactions: a qualitative study.

Background: Patient reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is low in low- and middle-income countries, in part because of poor awareness to report. With the increase in mobile subscription, mobile phones can be used as a platform to disseminate information on ADRs. The aim of this study was to qualitatively assess the potential of using mobile phone caller tunes (the message or sound the caller hears before the receiver answers the call) to encourage patient reporting of ADRs.

Immigrant health access in Texas: policy, rhetoric, and fear in the Trump era.

Background: Since the 2016 presidential election, reports have suggested that President Trump's rhetoric and his administration's proposed policies could be exacerbating barriers to accessing health care for undocumented as well as lawfully present immigrants and their families in the United States. However, very little empirical work has analyzed this possibility or detailed how these reports and rhetoric have altered the health seeking behavior of mixed immigration status families.

Methods: Using a series of focus groups throughout Texas in both English and Spanish, this qualitative study analyzes changes to health access for immigrants.

Interactive effects of urbanization and local habitat characteristics influence bee communities and flower visitation rates.

Current declines in the abundance and diversity of bees and other pollinators has created uncertainty in their ability to reliably deliver pollination services. Recent studies examining urban bee diversity have provided conflicting results, with some studies identifying parts of cities with high bee diversity and others documenting reduced diversity with high levels of urbanization, with potential effects on surrounding agricultural areas. However, these studies have not specifically investigated pollination services, or examined the influence of local habitat conditions on these services.

Differential sensitivity of bees to urbanization-driven changes in body temperature and water content.

Predicting how species will respond to climate change and land use modification is essential for conserving organisms and maintaining ecosystem services. Thermal tolerances have been shown to have strong predictive power, but the potential importance of desiccation tolerances have been less explored in some species. Here, we report measurements of thermal and desiccation tolerances and safety margins across a gradient of urbanization, for three bee species: silky striped sweat bees (Agapostemon sericeus), western honeybees (Apis mellifera), and common eastern bumblebees (Bombus impatiens).

Determinants of Intention to Use Mobile Phone Caller Tunes to Promote Voluntary Blood Donation: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Voluntary blood donation rates are low in sub-Saharan Africa. Sociobehavioral factors such as a belief that donated blood would be used for performing rituals deter people from donating blood. There is a need for culturally appropriate communication interventions to encourage individuals to donate blood.

Urbanization alters communities of flying arthropods in parks and gardens of a medium-sized city.

Urbanization transforms undeveloped landscapes into built environments, causing changes in communities and ecological processes. Flying arthropods play important roles in these processes as pollinators, decomposers, and predators, and can be important in structuring food webs. The goal of this study was to identify associations between urbanization and the composition of communities of flying (and floating) arthropods within gardens and parks in a medium-sized mesic city.

Common and Critical Components Among Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Planning Models.

Community health assessment and community health improvement planning are continuous, systematic processes for assessing and addressing health needs in a community. Since there are different models to guide assessment and planning, as well as a variety of organizations and agencies that carry out these activities, there may be confusion in choosing among approaches. By examining the various components of the different assessment and planning models, we are able to identify areas for coordination, ways to maximize collaboration, and strategies to further improve community health.