Associations between stages of diabetic polyneuropathy and quality of life, neuropathic pain, and well-being: A multicenter, cross-sectional analysis based on electroneuromyographic findings.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between electrophysiological findings of diabetic neuropathy (DN) and patients' quality of life, neuropathic pain levels, and well-being.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 centers in Turkey. DN patients were categorized into four stages based on electrophysiological findings using the Baba classification.

Localised scleroderma and ischemic stroke: case report.

Purpose: Scleroderma is a multisystemic disorder characterised by inflammatory and vascular anomalies, and excess fibrosis. Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) mainly progresses with skin, joint, lung, heart, and kidney involvement. Involvement of cerebral vessels is rare in both localised scleroderma and PSS.

Anti-Yo antibody-associated Autoimmune Encephalitis due to Breast Adenocarcinoma in a male patient.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes occur due to immune-mediated neuronal dysfunction secondary to systemic malignancy, and symptoms can usually be seen before malignancy. There are many subtypes that depend on the antibodies present or the proteins they target. Accurate epidemiological data are lacking as it is difficult to diagnose.

Recurrent idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis with chronic headache and cranial nerve involvement.

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is a rare, fibrosing inflammatory disease that causes localized or diffuse thickening of the dura mater in the brain and/or spinal cord. It may be cranial, spinal, and/or craniospinal pachymeningitis depending on the place of involvement. In our case, a 34-year-old woman presented with sixth cranial nerve involvement and headache and was diagnosed with idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis as a result of the exclusion of other causes and central nervous system imaging.

Tumefactive multiple sclerosis.

Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a subtype of atypical and rare MS that presents with tumor-like lesions in the central nervous system. The lesions may demonstrate a mass effect, edema, with ring enhancement. They can be mistaken for brain tumors or brain abscesses radiologically and clinically.

Modeling Brain Representations of Words' Concreteness in Context Using GPT-2 and Human Ratings.

The meaning of most words in language depends on their context. Understanding how the human brain extracts contextualized meaning, and identifying where in the brain this takes place, remain important scientific challenges. But technological and computational advances in neuroscience and artificial intelligence now provide unprecedented opportunities to study the human brain in action as language is read and understood.

Millard-Gubler Syndrome due to Parenchymal Neuro-Behcet's Syndrome Lesion: a Rare Case Report.

Behcet's disease; it is a vascular-inflammatory chronic recurrent disease that can affect many systems in the body. Millard Gubler syndrome is one of the brainstem syndromes that occurs due to lesions involving the ventral part of the caudal pons. We wanted to present a case of Millard Gubler syndrome, which developed due to Behçet's syndrome lesion in the pons ventral region in a patient who presented with limitation of outward gaze on the left, inability to close the left eye completely, inability to completely wrinkle the left side of the forehead, and loss of contralateral muscle strength.

Myositis developing after Covid-19 mRNA vaccine: Case Report.

Vaccine-related side effects are common. Usually, pain, edema, redness and tenderness may be seen at the injection site. Symptoms such as fever, fatigue, myalgia may occur.

ANTI-NMDA-R encephalitis: case report.

Purpose: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDA-R) is the most common among autoimmune encephalitis caused by antibodies developed against surface antigens. It was first identified in 2007 as presenting with seizures, autonomic dysfunction and movement disorders, in addition to acute or subacute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Multifocal, nonspecific white matter lesions can be seen on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Referential noun phrases distribute differently in Turkish speakers with schizophrenia.

In all human languages, noun phrases (NPs) (e.g., 'a field', 'the woman with a book') are used to identify entities in discourse.

The real-time status of strong and weak islands.

In two eye-tracking reading experiments, we used a variant of the filled gap technique to investigate how strong and weak islands are processed on a moment-to-moment basis during comprehension. Experiment 1 provided a conceptual replication of previous studies showing that real time processing is sensitive to strong islands. In the absence of an island, readers experienced processing difficulty when a pronoun appeared in a position of a predicted gap, but this difficulty was absent when the pronoun appeared inside a strong island.

Neuropathic Pain Frequency in Neurology Outpatients: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Neuropathic pain is common, but the frequency of misdiagnosis and irrational treatment is high. The aim of this study is to evaluate the rate of neuropathic pain in neurology outpatient clinics by using valid and reliable scales and review the treatments of patients.

Methods: The study was conducted for 3 months in eleven tertiary health care facilities.

Intracranial hypertension and visual loss following COVID-19: A case report.

A 40-year-old woman presented with headache, bilateral optic disc edema, and visual loss. She had been diagnosed with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) 15 days ago. Her cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure was 410 mmHO, and cranial imaging was normal.

Language in schizophrenia and aphasia: the relationship with non-verbal cognition and thought disorder.

To determine the relationship between language abnormalities and broader cognitive impairment and thought disorder by examining language and cognition in schizophrenia and aphasia (a primary language disorder). Cognitive and linguistic profiles were measured with a battery of standardised tests, and compared in a clinical population of  = 50 ( = 30 with schizophrenia and  = 20 with aphasia) and  = 61 non-clinical comparisons ( = 45 healthy controls and  = 16 non-affected first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia). Both clinical groups showed linguistic deficits.

Disturbing the rhythm of thought: Speech pausing patterns in schizophrenia, with and without formal thought disorder.

Everyday speech is produced with an intricate timing pattern and rhythm. Speech units follow each other with short interleaving pauses, which can be either bridged by fillers (erm, ah) or empty. Through their syntactic positions, pauses connect to the thoughts expressed.

Comprehension of Embedded Clauses in Schizophrenia With and Without Formal Thought Disorder.

Formal thought disorder (FTD) in schizophrenia (SZ) is clinically manifested primarily through language production, where linguistic studies have reported numerous anomalies including lesser use of embedded clauses. Here, we explored whether problems of language may extend to comprehension and clause embedding in particular. A sentence-picture matching task was designed with two conditions in which embedded clauses were presupposed as either true (factive) or not.

The language profile of formal thought disorder.

Formal thought disorder (FTD) is clinically manifested as disorganized speech, but there have been only few investigations of its linguistic properties. We examined how disturbance of thought may relate to the referential function of language as expressed in the use of noun phrases (NPs) and the complexity of sentence structures. We used a comic strip description task to elicit language samples from 30 participants with schizophrenia (SZ), 15 with moderate or severe FTD (SZ + FTD), and 15 minimal or no FTD (SZ-FTD), as well as 15 first-degree relatives of people with SZ (FDRs) and 15 neurotypical controls (NC).

Cardiovascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities in patients with migraine without aura.

Objectives: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are observed in patients with migraine with aura (MWA) and without aura (MWO), but there are a limited number of studies regarding patients with MWA. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardiovascular risk factors which may play a role in the development of WMHs in patients with MWO.

Methods: This observational, analytical, case-control study was conducted between June 2016 and January 2017.

[Validation of the revised illness perception questionnaire for migraine patients and the effects of earthquake experience on perception of disease].

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and to determine the effects of earthquake experience on the perception in migraine patients.

Methods: The sample was composed of 62 outpatients, consisting of with migraine diagnosis who were in Erciş during earthquake (n=33) and who had never had any earthquake experience (n=29).The interview form, IPQ-R and Beck Depression Scale (BDS) were applied.

Clinical associations, biological risk factors and outcomes of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

Objective Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular disease affecting young adults. The majority of the patients are female. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical associations, risk factors and outcomes of the patients with CVST.

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in serum of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the common neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress is considered as a contributing factor to the development of PD. The present study aims to investigate serum oxidative stress status in patients with PD.