Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice.

Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most devastating stroke subtype with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, no clinically approved treatment exists that effectively increases survival or improves quality of life for survivors. Effective modeling is necessary to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of intracerebral hemorrhage and evaluate potential therapeutic approaches.

Adropin preserves the blood-brain barrier through a Notch1/Hes1 pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.

Adropin is expressed in the CNS and plays a crucial role in the development of stroke. However, little is currently known about the effects of adropin on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, the role of adropin in collagenase-induced ICH was investigated in mice.

Hematoma Expansion Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanisms Targeting the Coagulation Cascade and Platelet Activation.

Hematoma expansion (HE), defined as a greater than 33% increase in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume within the first 24 hours, results in significant neurological deficits, and enhancement of ICH-induced primary and secondary brain injury. An escalation in the use of oral anticoagulants has led to a surge in the incidences of oral anticoagulation-associated ICH (OAT-ICH), which has been associated with a greater risk for HE and worse functional outcomes following ICH. The oral anticoagulants in use include vitamin K antagonists, and direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors.

Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus Fails to Improve Outcomes Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most fatal stroke subtype, with no effective therapies. Hematoma expansion and inflammation play major roles in the pathophysiology of ICH, contributing to primary and secondary brain injury, respectively. Fucoidan, a polysaccharide from the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, has been reported to activate a platelet receptor that may function in limiting bleeding, and to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects.

Angiopoietin-like 4: A double-edged sword in atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke?

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and thus is a major public health concern. Atherosclerosis, also known as atherogenesis, is a crucial risk factor for cerebral ischemia, yet how it develops remains largely unknown. It has been found, however, that angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), a protein expressed in vascular endothelial cells, plays a role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and may therefore be involved in ischemic stroke.

Endovascular occlusion of primary major pelvic arteriovenous fistula using patent ductus arteriosus occluder.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and safety of a patent ductus arteriosus occluder (PDAO) in the management of major abdominal arteriovenous fistula. A 56-year-old man was admitted into our hospital, presenting with impeded defecation and claudication. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was conducted upon admission, which revealed an aneurysm-like lesion, with the left internal iliac artery as its feeding artery.

Isoflurane provides neuroprotection in neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury.

Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that is widely used clinically as an inhalational anesthetic. In recent years, several studies have indicated that isoflurane has neuroprotective properties. This has led to the beneficial effects of isoflurane being analyzed in both cell culture and animal models, including various models of brain injury.

Adults with intellectual disabilities and their carers as researchers and participants in a RCT.

Background: This article describes the process of including people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and carers of people with ID as researchers and participants in randomised controlled trial (RCT) research. People with ID are rarely involved in research about their health, either as researchers or participants. Carers are often included as research informants, but family carers are rarely involved as researchers.

Heterogeneity of the vasoconstrictor effect of vasopressin in septic shock.

Objective: To determine whether pressor doses of vasopressin impair organ blood flow in endotoxic shock.

Design: Graded doses of vasopressin or phenylephrine, starting at the clinically recommended doses for pressure support in septic shock, were intravenously infused during endotoxic shock.

Setting: University hospital surgical research laboratory.

Effects of methamphetamine on trauma patients: a cause of severe metabolic acidosis?

Objective: Presentation of a trauma patient with severe unexplained metabolic acidosis, possibly attributable to the vasoconstrictive properties of smokable "crystal" methamphetamine. In addition, a review of trauma registry data was undertaken to determine the effects of methamphetamine on trauma patients.

Design: Case report and retrospective case-control study.

Relationship of mortality to increasing oxygen delivery in patients > or = 50 years of age: a prospective, randomized trial.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of mortality to early resuscitation using two levels of oxygen delivery (DO2) in critically ill surgical patients > or =50 yrs of age who were stratified into groups: age < or =75 yrs (age 50 to 75 yrs group); and age >75 yrs (age >75 yrs group).

Design: A prospective, randomized trial, continued from a previous project.

Setting: Surgical intensive care unit, university affiliated.

Evaluation of a continuous cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen saturation catheter in critically ill surgical patients.

Objective: To evaluate the agreement of continuous cardiac output and mixed venous oxygen saturation measurements, obtained with a modified pulmonary artery catheter, with those values obtained by standard intermittent bolus thermodilution and cooximetry.

Design: Prospective, clinical investigation.

Setting: A surgical intensive care unit in a tertiary referral center.

Colon perforation, bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema complicating endoscopic polypectomy: anatomic and management considerations.

A case of colonoscopic polypectomy complicated by perforation, pneumoperitoneum, bilateral pneumothoraces, pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema is presented. The anatomic basis for the various clinical presentations of extraluminal air following colonoscopy as well as the option of conservative therapy of select cases of perforation is discussed.

The relationship of oxygen consumption measured by indirect calorimetry to oxygen delivery in critically ill patients.

Objective: The existence of oxygen supply dependency, defined as oxygen consumption (VO2) limited by oxygen delivery (DO2), is still questioned. This study examined the relationship between VO2 and DO2 in two groups of critically ill surgical patients 50 years and older in the first 24 hours of resuscitation after pulmonary artery catheter insertion. Group 1 patients had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

The cellular basis for the blunted response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in supraventricular tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.

Chronic tachycardia-induced dilated cardiomyopathy causes increased plasma catecholamines and alterations in beta-adrenergic responsiveness in vivo. However, whether isolated myocyte contractile response to beta-stimulation is directly affected by the development of cardiomyopathy and how these changes are related to alterations in the beta-adrenergic receptor system remain unclear. Accordingly, isolated myocyte function and beta-adrenergic responsiveness were examined in two groups of 12 pigs each: sham controls, and with supraventricular tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (SVT; pace: 240 beats/min, 3 weeks).

Effects of chronic tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy on the beta-adrenergic receptor system.

Chronic supraventricular (or ventricular) tachycardia causes a dilated cardiomyopathy. Effective treatment requires ablation of the tachycardia using antiarrhythmic agents, cryoablation, electroablation, or surgical interruption/excision. However, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the development of supraventricular tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy have not been fully identified.

Quotational and reference accuracy in surgical journals. A continuing peer review problem.

Fifty randomly selected references from a single monthly issue of The American Journal of Surgery; Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics; and Surgery were evaluated for citation and quotation errors. Thirteen major and 41 minor citation errors were found in the three journals. Thirty-seven major quotation errors were identified.