Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The roles of Aβ in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer 's disease (AD) include disruption of synaptic communication/function and synaptic plasticity mechanisms thought to underlie learning and memory. Exactly how these abnormal processes arise is incompletely understood, but evidence suggests that dysregulation of intracellular Ca levels is involved in alterations of neuronal excitability, synaptic remodeling, and neurodegeneration in AD. Our lab has focused on the potential involvement of voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) in these processes, particularly Kv1.

Gingivoperiosteoplasty in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate: The Need for Alveolar Bone Grafting.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP) in preventing alveolar bone grafting (ABG) among children with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Design/setting: Retrospective university hospital single center study.

Patients: Children with CLP treated with GPP from 2000-2015 were included.

Odontoid fractures above C2 to pelvis posterior instrumented fusions: a single center's 11-year experience.

Purpose: To define the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment approach for proximal junction failure secondary to odontoid fractures in patients with prior C2-pelvis posterior instrumented fusions (PSF).

Methods: A single institution's database was queried for multi-level fusions (6+ levels), including a cervical component. Posterior instrumentation from C2-pelvis and minimum 6-month follow-up was inclusion criteria.

Social prescribing outcomes: a mapping review of the evidence from 13 countries to identify key common outcomes.

Introduction: As a means for supporting a range of health and wellbeing goals, social prescribing programs have been implemented around the world. Reflecting a range of contexts, needs, innovation, and programing, a broad array of outcomes has been studied in relation to these programs. As interest in social prescribing grows, more targeted study of key outcomes and in turn evidence synthesis that can inform evidence-based practice, policy, and investment is needed.

An unusual case of lower trunk brachial plexus zoster reactivation.

We discuss the case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with severe left cubital tunnel neuropathic pain and subsequently developed a vesicular rash spanning the C8-T1 dermatomal distribution. These symptoms resolved after initiation of acyclovir, highlighting VZV brachial plexopathy as a potentially treatable etiology of acute onset severe neuropathic pain.

Comparison of Lumbosacral Fusion Grade in Patients after Transforaminal and Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: Generally, anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) was believed superior to transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in induction of fusion. However, many studies have reported comparable results in lumbosacral fusion rate between the two approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the realistic lumbosacral arthrodesis rates following ALIF and TLIF in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis as measured by CT and radiology.

Navigated Hybrid Open/Muscle-sparing Approach to 2-level Cement Augmentation of the UIV and UIV+1 for Prevention of Proximal Junctional Failure: Supplemental Manuscript to Operative Video.

Study Design: Operative video and supplemental manuscript.

Objective: To present a cement augmentation technique of the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and UIV+1 for prevention of proximal junctional fractures (PJFs) in multi-level thoracolumbar posterior instrumented fusions.

Summary Of Background Data: PJFs are unfortunately a common occurrence after multi-level thoracolumbar instrumented fusions to the pelvis for adult spinal deformity that can result in significant functional disability and often require costly revision operations.

Computer-assisted Navigation in Lumbar Spine Instrumented Fusions: Comparison of In-hospital and 30-Day Postoperative Complications With Nonnavigated Fusions in a National Database.

Objective: To compare in-hospital and 30-day postoperative complications for lumbar spine operations with and without use of computer-assisted navigation.

Methods: Patients who underwent 1-level to 3-level lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusions 2011 to 2014 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Emergent procedures and patients aged younger than 18 years were excluded.

Influence of Preoperative T1-Slope and Cervical Sagittal Vertical Axis on Postoperative Cervical Sagittal Alignment Following Posterior Cervical Laminoplasty.

Background: Assess correlation between preoperative cervical sagittal alignment (T1 slope [T1S] and C2-C7 cervical sagittal vertical axis [cSVA]) and postoperative cervical sagittal balance after posterior cervical laminoplasty.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent laminoplasty at a single institution with >6 weeks postoperative follow-up were divided into 4 groups based on preoperative cSVA and T1S (Group 1: cSVA <4 cm/T1S <20°; Group 2: cSVA ≥4 cm/T1S ≥20°; Group 3: cSVA <4 cm/T1S ≥20°; Group 4: cSVA <4 cm/T1S <20°). Radiographic analyses were conducted at 3 timepoints, and changes in cSVA, C2-C7 cervical lordosis (CL), and T1S -CL were compared.

Conceptualizing the potential of entrepreneurship to shape urban sustainability transformations.

Entrepreneurship has emerged as a key element for experimentation and niche innovation in sustainability transitions. Yet, its contributions beyond this initial stage and the multi-pronged role that entrepreneurs can play in transformation processes remain elusive. In response, we conceptualize and empirically illustrate how entrepreneurs can contribute to innovations within firms and to city-wide processes of change.

Increased risks of vertebral fracture and reoperation in primary spinal fusion patients who test positive for osteoporosis by Biomechanical Computed Tomography analysis.

Background Context: While osteoporosis is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in spinal fusion patients, diagnosing osteoporosis reliably in this population has been challenging due to degenerative changes and spinal deformities. Addressing that challenge, biomechanical computed tomography analysis (BCT) is a CT-based diagnostic test for osteoporosis that measures both bone mineral density and bone strength (using finite element analysis) at the spine; CT scans taken for spinal evaluation or previous care can be repurposed for the analysis.

Purpose: Assess the effectiveness of BCT for preoperatively identifying spinal fusion patients with osteoporosis who are at high risk of reoperation or vertebral fracture.

Radiographic comparison of L5-S1 lateral anterior lumbar interbody fusion cage subsidence and displacement by fixation strategy: anterior plate versus integrated screws.

Objective: The aim of this study was to radiographically compare cage subsidence and displacement between L5-S1 lateral anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) cages secured with an anterior buttress plate and cages secured with integrated screws.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent L5-S1 lateral ALIF with supplemental posterior fixation by a single surgeon from June 2016 to January 2021 were reviewed. Radiographs were analyzed and compared between the two groups based on the type of fixation used to secure the L5-S1 lateral ALIF cage: 1) anterior buttress plate or 2) integrated screws.

Building urban resilience through sustainability-oriented small- and medium-sized enterprises.

The unfolding COVID-19 pandemic, and the unprecedented social and economic costs it has inflicted, provide an important opportunity to scrutinize the interplay between the resilience of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the resilience of the communities they are embedded in. In this article, we articulate the specific ways that SMEs play a crucial, and underappreciated role in building resilience to human and natural hazards, and provide new opportunities to accelerate the adoption of sustainability practices through the configuration of 'enabling ecosystems' geared towards promoting sustainability in the private sector. We argue that capacity-building and experimentation are not only required within companies, but also throughout this emerging supportive ecosystem of policies, resources (i.

Economic Impact of Revision Operations for Adjacent Segment Disease of the Subaxial Cervical Spine.

Introduction: Adjacent segment disease (ASD) of the cervical spine is a common disabling phenomenon that often requires surgical intervention. The goal of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of revision operations for cervical ASD.

Methods: Consecutive adults who underwent revision cervical spine surgery for ASD at a single institution between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

Effects of Cell Density and Microenvironment on Stem Cell Mitochondria Transfer among Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and HEK293 Tumorigenic Cells.

Stem cells (SC) are largely known for their potential to restore damaged tissue through various known mechanisms. Among these mechanisms is their ability to transfer healthy mitochondria to injured cells to rescue them. This mitochondrial transfer plays a critical role in the healing process.

The impact of lurasidone on functioning and indirect costs in adults with bipolar depression: a post-hoc analysis.

Objective: The aim of this post-hoc analysis was to assess the impact of lurasidone monotherapy on functional impairment, productivity, and associated indirect costs in patients with bipolar depression.

Methods: Data were analyzed from a 6-week randomized, double-blind (DB; NCT00868699), placebo-controlled trial of lurasidone monotherapy and a 6-month open label extension (OLE; NCT00868959) study. Patients with bipolar depression who completed the 6-week DB trial were subsequently enrolled in the OLE.

RAPT score and preoperative factors to predict discharge location following adult spinal deformity surgery.

Purpose: To assess factors, including RAPT score, predictive of non-home discharges following adult spinal deformity (ASD) operations.

Methods: Adults who underwent thoracolumbar instrumented fusions to the pelvis for ASD (1/2019-1/2020) were reviewed. Patient demographics, RAPT metrics, hospital length of stay (LOS), operative details, and complications were compared between patients discharged home and non-home.

Business models for the Anthropocene: accelerating sustainability transformations in the private sector.

The rapid pace and escalating severity of climate change impacts have made clear that current incremental approaches to pressing global socio-ecological challenges are insufficient to address the root causes of unsustainable development. This has spurred increasing interest in the dynamics of transformation: the actors, capacities and resources needed to fundamentally shift development paths. The private sector is at the core of essential transformative processes necessary to build a future premised on environmental integrity, social inclusivity, and resilience.

Lymphocele after anterior lumbar interbody fusion: a review of 1322 patients.

Objective: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is an effective surgical modality for many lumbar degenerative pathologies, but a rare and infrequently reported complication is postoperative lymphocele. The goals of the present study were to review a large consecutive series of patients who underwent ALIF at a high-volume institution, estimate the rate of lymphocele occurrence after ALIF, and investigate the outcomes of patients who developed lymphocele after ALIF.

Methods: A retrospective review of the electronic medical record was completed, identifying all patients (≥ 18 years old) who underwent at a minimum a single-level ALIF from 2012 through 2019.

Spine Surgeons Social Dilemma: Benefits and Risks of Social Media for Spine Surgery Practice in the 21st Century.

Study Design: Cross-sectional observational.

Background: The use of social media by providers can enhance patient education, complement offline information, facilitate patient support, stimulate brand building, and strengthen the organization's market position. Risks of social media include, but are not limited to, a lack of quality, reliability, misrepresentation of credentials, influence of hidden and overt conflicts of interest, content that may jeopardize patient privacy, HIPAA regulations, and physicians' credentials and licensure.