HIPPOCAMPAL CONNECTIVITY DYNAMICS AND VOLUMETRIC ALTERATIONS PREDICT COGNITIVE STATUS IN MIGRAINE: A RESTING-STATE FMRI STUDY.

The etiology of cognitive decline linked to migraine remains unclear, with a growing recurrence rate and potential increased dementia risk among sufferers. Cognitive dysfunction has recently gained attention as a significant problem among migraine sufferers that can be related to alterations in hippocampal function and structure. This study explores hippocampal subfield connectivity and volume changes in migraine patients.

Comparison of Craniosacral Therapy and Myofascial Relaxation Techniques in People with Migraine Headache: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of myofascial release and craniosacral therapy on the quality of life, pain levels, and range of motion (ROM) in patients with chronic migraine headaches. The secondary aim of this study was to develop a migraine treatment protocol using current craniosacral techniques.

Methods: Patients with chronic migraine in the Neurology Department of ALKU Hospital were randomly allocated to 3 therapy groups: (1) Craniosacral Treatment Craniosacral Techniques (CST) + Medical Treatment (MT) (CST group) ( = 24), (2) myofascial treatment (MFT) ( = 24) + MT (MFT group), and (3) MT (control group) only ( = 26).

Parietal memory network and memory encoding versus retrieval impairments in PD-MCI patients: A hippocampal volume and cortical thickness study.

Objective: The pathophysiology behind memory impairment in Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) is unclear. This study aims to investigate the hippocampal and cortical atrophy patterns in PD-MCI patients with different types of memory impairments, categorized as Retrieval Failure (RF) and Encoding Failure (EF).

Methods: The study included 16 healthy controls (HC) and 34 PD-MCI patients, divided into RF (N = 18) and EF (N = 16) groups based on their Verbal Memory Processes Test (VMPT) scores, including spontaneous recall, recognition, and Index of Sensitivity to Cueing (ISC).

Multi-omics analysis reveals the key factors involved in the severity of the Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder with a global impact, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. While age, metabolic abnormalities, and accumulation of neurotoxic substances are potential risk factors for AD, their effects are confounded by other factors. To address this challenge, we first utilized multi-omics data from 87 well phenotyped AD patients and generated plasma proteomics and metabolomics data, as well as gut and saliva metagenomics data to investigate the molecular-level alterations accounting the host-microbiome interactions.

Smoking affects global and regional brain entropy in depression patients regardless of depression: Preliminary findings.

Objective: This study examines the effect of smoking on global and regional brain entropy in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), aiming to elucidate the relationship between smoking habits and brain network complexity in depression.

Methods: The study enrolled 24 MDD patients, divided into smokers and non-smokers, from Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University and Istanbul Medipol University. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired and processed.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Hippocampal N-Acetlaspartate Levels and Visual Memory Scores in Alzheimer's Disease.

The latest research into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has included several cognitive deficits related to hippocampal functioning. However, current clinical research fails to consider the full extent of the heterogeneous cognitive spectrum of AD, resulting in a lack of the specific methods required to draw definitive diagnostic and therapeutic conclusions. This also includes in-vivo metabolic measurements for tailoring the diagnostic and therapeutic regimens in humans with AD.

The functional role of the pulvinar in discriminating between objective and subjective cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder.

Introduction: Emotionally driven cognitive complaints represent a major diagnostic challenge for clinicians and indicate the importance of objective confirmation of the accuracy of depressive patients' descriptions of their cognitive symptoms.

Methods: We compared cognitive status and structural and functional brain connectivity changes in the pulvinar and hippocampus between patients with total depression and healthy controls. The depressive group was also classified as "amnestic" or "nonamnestic," based on the members' subjective reports concerning their forgetfulness.

Differentiating MCI from depression through verbal memory scores.

Introduction: The present study aims to assess the differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in terms of verbal learning profile together with structural changes in the brain on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to reveal predictive factors for MCI.

Methods: Fifty-six patients with MDD and 31 MCI subjects were assessed using the Turkish Verbal Memory Processes Test (VMPT). Brain MRI was used to evaluate sulcal atrophy (SA), ventricular atrophy, periventricular white matter hyperintensity (WMH), subcortical WMH, basal ganglia infarct, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and infratentorial infarct scores based on the Modified Visual MRI Rating Scale (MVMRS).

rTMS reduces delta and increases theta oscillations in Alzheimer's disease: A visual-evoked and event-related potentials study.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its ability to modulate neural networks and enhance cognitive function. This treatment offers the unique advantage of enabling real-time monitoring of immediate cognitive effects and dynamic brain changes through electroencephalography (EEG).

Objective: This study focused on exploring the effects of left parietal rTMS stimulation on visual-evoked potentials (VEP) and visual event-related potentials (VERP) in AD patients.

EGb 761 reduces Ca influx and apoptosis after pentylenetetrazole treatment in a neuroblastoma cell line.

Background: Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been found to have significant implications in neuronal outgrowth, survival, inflammatory neurogenic pain, and various epileptogenic processes. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have a significant impact on epilepsy and its drug-resistant subtypes.

Objective: We postulated that Gb 761 would modulate TRPA1 channels, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a neuroblastoma cell line.

Infection with COVID-19 is no longer a public emergency: But what about degenerative dementia?

Although no longer considered a public health threat, post-COVID cognitive syndrome continues to impact on a considerable proportion of individuals who were infected with COVID-19. Recent studies have also suggested that COVID may be represent a critical risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We compared 17 COVID patients with 20 controls and evaluated the effects of COVID-19 on general cognitive performance, hippocampal volume, and connections using structural and seed-based connectivity analysis.

Protective and Therapeutic Role of Ginkgo Biloba Extract Through TRPV1 Channels in an in Vitro Alzheimer's Disease Model.

Introduction: The effect of Ginkgo biloba (GB) on mitochondria-dependent TRPV1 ion channels in neuroblastoma cells was investigated by creating an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model.

Methods: Okadaic acid was applied on SH-SY5Y cells to create an AD model. After cellular differentiation, the study was organized with the seven main groups, examining the effect of GB on calcium depended TRPV1 channels in neuroblastoma cells AD, has been established in vitro.

Prognostic Factors For Functional Outcome in Patients with Mesencephalic Hemorrhage.

Introduction: Mesencephalic hemorrhage (MH) is a rare presentation of spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage. This study aims to evaluate prognostic parameters of the MH outcome.

Methods: We conducted an extensive search in the literature for cases with spontaneous, isolated mesencephalic hemorrhage.

Decreased frontal and orbital volumes and increased cerebellar volumes in patients with anosmia Of Unknown origin: A subtle connection?

Purpose: Neuroimaging studies have shown that anosmia is accompanied by a decreased olfactory bulb volume, yet little is known about alterations in cerebral and cerebellar lobule volumes. The purpose of this study was to investigate structural brain alterations in anosmic patients.

Methods: Sixteen anosmic patients (mean age 42.

Brain temperature in healthy and diseased conditions: A review on the special implications of MRS for monitoring brain temperature.

Brain temperature determines not only an individual's cognitive functionality but also the prognosis and mortality rates of many brain diseases. More specifically, brain temperature not only changes in response to different physiological events like yawning and stretching, but also plays a significant pathophysiological role in a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Here, we have outlined the function of brain hyperthermia in both diseased and healthy states, focusing particularly on the amyloid beta aggregation in Alzheimer's disease.

Exosomes: A missing link between chronic systemic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease?

Exosomes are potent mediators of physiological and pathological processes. In Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory disorders, due to exosomes' distinctive ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, a bidirectional communication between the periphery and the central nervous system exists. Since exosomes can carry various biochemical molecules, this review investigates the role of exosomes as possible mediators between chronic systemic inflammatory diseases and Alzheimer's disease.

Combined metabolic activators improve metabolic functions in the animal models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are associated with metabolic abnormalities. Integrative analysis of human clinical data and animal studies have contributed to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways involved in the progression of NDDs. Previously, we have reported that the combined metabolic activators (CMA), which include the precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glutathione can be utilized to alleviate metabolic disorders by activating mitochondrial metabolism.

A structural and resting-state functional connectivity investigation of the pulvinar in elderly individuals and Alzheimer's disease patients.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), structural and functional changes in the brain may give rise to disruption of specific cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional connectivity alterations in the pulvinar's subdivisions and total pulvinar voxel-based morphometry (VBM) changes in individuals with AD and healthy controls. A seed-based functional connectivity analysis was applied to the anterior, inferior, lateral, and medial pulvinar in each hemisphere.

Differentiation of claustrum resting-state functional connectivity in healthy aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.

The claustrum is a sheet-like of telencephalic gray matter structure whose function is poorly understood. The claustrum is considered a multimodal computing network due to its reciprocal connections with almost all cortical areas as well as subcortical structures. Although the claustrum has been involved in several neurodegenerative diseases, specific changes in connections of the claustrum remain unclear in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Chemogenetic inhibition of MCH neurons does not alter memory performance in mice.

Memory storage in the brain is one of the most extensively studied subjects in neuroscience. However, due to the highly complex structure of the memory-related systems in the brain, the mystery remains unsolved. Consolidation is one of the most important parts of the memory process, and one that can be affected by numerous neurodegenerative diseases.

The Savant Syndrome: a Gift or a Disability? A Deeper Look into Metabolic Correlates of Hidden Cognitive Capacity.

Savant syndrome is a rare and unusual condition that occurs in the presence of severe developmental disabilities, disorders, and injuries. The syndrome can be congenital from birth to childhood or acquired as a result of a brain injury or damage to the central nervous system. There are several findings that indicate that savant syndrome usually occurs with significant brain metabolism alterations resulting in critical brain network changes.

Comprehensive Research on Past and Future Therapeutic Strategies Devoted to Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly debilitating fatal neurodegenerative disorder, causing muscle atrophy and weakness, which leads to paralysis and eventual death. ALS has a multifaceted nature affected by many pathological mechanisms, including oxidative stress (also via protein aggregation), mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, skeletal muscle deterioration and viruses. This complexity is a major obstacle in defeating ALS.

Therapeutic Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Electroencephalography Microstate Correlates.

Introduction: The microstate analysis is a method to convert the electrical potentials on the multi-channel electrode array to topographical electroencephalography (EEG) data. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive method that can modulate brain networks. This study explores the pathophysiological changes through microstate analysis in two different neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by motor and cognitive symptoms and analysis the effect of rTMS on the impaired cognitive and motor functions.