Biomarkers to predict risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving tofacitinib or tumour necrosis factor inhibitors.

Objective: In the ORAL (Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis triaL) Surveillance study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged ≥50 years with ≥1 additional cardiovascular risk factor, incidence of pulmonary embolism was higher with tofacitinib 10 mg two times per day than with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). This exploratory post hoc analysis examined whether biomarkers explained the associations of tofacitinib versus TNFi with venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Methods: ORAL Surveillance was a prospective, open-label, event-driven, non-inferiority, postauthorisation safety study.

To compare, or not to compare? Age moderates the relationship between social comparisons on instagram and identity processes during adolescence and emerging adulthood.

Introduction: Social networking sites such as Instagram have provided young people with unprecedented opportunities for social comparison, and such behaviour can have implications for identity development. Although initial evidence suggests that there may be developmental differences in terms of how such behaviour informs identity development during adolescence and emerging adulthood, all previous research has been conducted in highly individualistic cultural contexts (i.e.