Diagnostic value of routine CT perfusion imaging for radiology residents.

To evaluate whether incorporating CT perfusion imaging can significantly enhance diagnostic CT accuracy in stroke detection. Two 3rd-year residents (3rd of 5 years of residency) reviewed CT scans of 200 patients with suspected stroke, consisting of 104 patients with a proven stroke and a control group with 96 patients. They analyzed each patient in a blinded and randomized manner in two runs.

Prediction of Seropositivity in Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis by Use of Radiomics: A Radiological Proof-of-Concept Study.

In this study, we sought to evaluate the capabilities of radiomics and machine learning in predicting seropositivity in patients with suspected autoimmune encephalitis (AE) from MR images obtained at symptom onset. In 83 patients diagnosed with AE between 2011 and 2022, manual bilateral segmentation of the amygdala was performed on pre-contrast T2 images using 3D Slicer open-source software. Our sample of 83 patients contained 43 seropositive and 40 seronegative AE cases.

Comparison of MRI Sequences to Predict Mutation Status in Gliomas Using Radiomics-Based Machine Learning.

Objectives: Regarding the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, the isocitrate dehydrogenase () mutation status is one of the most important factors for CNS tumor classification. The aim of our study is to analyze which of the commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences is best suited to obtain this information non-invasively using radiomics-based machine learning models. We developed machine learning models based on different MRI sequences and determined which of the MRI sequences analyzed yields the highest discriminatory power in predicting the mutation status.

A Giant Stent for Giant Cerebral Aneurysms-The Accero-Rex-Stent.

Objective: Until now, giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs) have in many cases been a vascular disease that was difficult or impossible to treat, not least due to the lack of availability of a large-format stent. In this multicentre study, we report on the first five clinical applications of the Accero-Rex-Stents (Acandis, Pforzheim, Germany) in the successful treatment of fusiform cerebral giant aneurysms.

Material And Methods: The Accero-Rex-Stents are self-expanding, braided, fully radiopaque Nitinol stents designed for aneurysm treatment.

Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of the large-format pRESET 6-50 thrombectomy stent-retriever in the endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke: real-world experiences from two tertiary comprehensive stroke centers.

Objective: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO). First-pass (FP) reperfusion of the occluded vessel and fewer passes with stent retrievers show improvement in functional outcomes in stroke patients, while higher numbers of passes are associated with higher complication rates and worse outcomes. Studies indicate that a larger size of the stent-retriever is associated with a higher rate of first-pass reperfusion and improved clinical outcomes.

Vasculitis and Ischemic Stroke in Lyme Neuroborreliosis-Interventional Management Approach and Literature Review.

Objective: In rare cases, Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) can induce cerebral vasculitis leading to severe stenosis of the cerebral vasculature and consecutive ischemia. Therapy is based on anti-biotic treatment of the tick-borne disease, whereas interventional therapeutic options have not been assessed yet.

Material And Methods: We report on a patient with LNB and concomitant stenoses and progressive and fatal vasculitis of the cerebral vessels despite all therapeutic efforts by the departments of neurology and interventional neuroradiology.

Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of the multizone NeVa stent retriever for mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the NeVa stent retriever as first- and second-line device for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, all consecutive patients that underwent mechanical thrombectomy with NeVa stent retriever as first- or second-line device due to intracranial vessel occlusion with acute ischemic stroke between March and November 2022 were included.

Results: Thirty-nine patients (m=18, f=21) with a mean age of 69.

Radiomics-Based Prediction of TERT Promotor Mutations in Intracranial High-Grade Meningiomas.

Purpose: In meningiomas, TERT promotor mutations are rare but qualify the diagnosis of anaplasia, directly impacting adjuvant therapy. Effective screening for patients at risk for promotor mutations could enable more targeted molecular analyses and improve diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: Semiautomatic segmentation of intracranial grade 2/3 meningiomas was performed on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

Comparison of MRI Sequences to Predict ATRX Status Using Radiomics-Based Machine Learning.

ATRX is an important molecular marker according to the 2021 WHO classification of adult-type diffuse glioma. We aim to predict the ATRX mutation status non-invasively using radiomics-based machine learning models on MRI and to determine which MRI sequence is best suited for this purpose. In this retrospective study, we used MRI images of patients with histologically confirmed glioma, including the sequences T1w without and with the administration of contrast agent, T2w, and the FLAIR.

Non-contrast computed tomography features predict intraventricular hemorrhage growth.

Objectives: Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers are robust predictors of parenchymal hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated whether NCCT features can also identify ICH patients at risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) growth.

Methods: Patients with acute spontaneous ICH admitted at four tertiary centers in Germany and Italy were retrospectively included from January 2017 to June 2020.

Prognosis and histology of sporadic synchronous and metachronous meningiomas and comparative analyses with singular lesions.

Synchronous or metachronous growth of multiple tumors (≥ 2) is found in up to 20% of meningioma patients. However, biological as well as histological features and prognosis are largely unexplored. Clinical and histological characteristics were retrospectively investigated in 95 patients harboring 226 multiple meningiomas (MMs) and compared with 135 cases of singular meningiomas (SM) using uni- and multivariate analyses.

A magnetic resonance imaging based radiomics model to predict mitosis cycles in intracranial meningioma.

The aim of this study was to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based radiomics model to predict mitosis cycles in intracranial meningioma grading prior to surgery. Preoperative contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1CE) cerebral MRI data of 167 meningioma patients between 2015 and 2020 were obtained, preprocessed and segmented using the 3D Slicer software and the PyRadiomics plugin. In total 145 radiomics features of the T1CE MRI images were computed.

Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) Fluorescence during Meningioma Surgery: Correlations with Histological Findings and Expression of Heme Pathway Molecules.

Background: The usefulness of 5-ALA-mediated fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) in meningiomas is controversial, and information on the molecular background of fluorescence is sparse. Methods: Specimens obtained during 44 FGRs of intracranial meningiomas were analyzed for the presence of tumor tissue and fluorescence. Protein/mRNA expression of key transmembrane transporters/enzymes involved in PpIX metabolism (ABCB6, ABCG2, FECH, CPOX) were investigated using immunohistochemistry/qPCR.

Radiomics for pseudoprogression prediction in high grade gliomas: added value of MR contrast agent.

Objective: Our aim is to define the capabilities of radiomics in predicting pseudoprogression from pre-treatment MR images in patients diagnosed with high-grade gliomas using T1 non-contrast-enhanced and contrast-enhanced images.

Material & Methods: In this retrospective IRB-approved study, image segmentation of high-grade gliomas was semi-automatically performed using 3D Slicer. Non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images were used prior to surgical therapy or radio-chemotherapy.

Testing the applicability and performance of Auto ML for potential applications in diagnostic neuroradiology.

To investigate the applicability and performance of automated machine learning (AutoML) for potential applications in diagnostic neuroradiology. In the medical sector, there is a rapidly growing demand for machine learning methods, but only a limited number of corresponding experts. The comparatively simple handling of AutoML should enable even non-experts to develop adequate machine learning models with manageable effort.

Pseudoprogression prediction in high grade primary CNS tumors by use of radiomics.

Our aim is to define the capabilities of radiomics and machine learning in predicting pseudoprogression development from pre-treatment MR images in a patient cohort diagnosed with high grade gliomas. In this retrospective analysis, we analysed 131 patients with high grade gliomas. Segmentation of the contrast enhancing parts of the tumor before administration of radio-chemotherapy was semi-automatically performed using the 3D Slicer open-source software platform (version 4.