Papillary thyroid cancer in black thyroid: a case report and literature review.

Background: Black thyroid is a rare incidental finding during surgery. We report the case of a patient with papillary thyroid cancer who was incidentally found to have minocycline-induced black thyroid.

Case Description: A 29-year-old woman presented with a left thyroid nodule and metastatic papillary thyroid cancer involving the left neck level IV lymph nodes.

Frozen section analysis of central lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer: the significance in determining the extent of surgery.

Background: The indolent feature of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has recently led to an increase in less aggressive treatment options instead of total thyroidectomy (TT). We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of elective central compartment neck dissection (CCND) with intraoperative frozen analyses of the central lymph nodes (LNs) to determine the surgical extent of unilateral clinically node-negative PTC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 290 patients with unilateral clinically node-negative PTC who underwent surgery and performed frozen analyses of the central LNs from 2020 to 2021 using our own nodal criteria with cut-off size 5 mm.

Survival With Lenvatinib for the Treatment of Progressive Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Single-Center, Retrospective Analysis.

Survival rates for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) have not improved in the past four decades; however, preliminary clinical data indicate that lenvatinib may provide efficacy benefits for patients with ATC. This real-world study aimed to define the potential role of lenvatinib in ATC by examining the impact of treatment administered alongside existing therapies. This was a retrospective, single-center analysis of Korean patients with confirmed ATC who received lenvatinib between October 2015 and February 2018.

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy using the vestibular approach with an endoscopic retractor in thyroid cancer: experience with the first 132 patients.

Background: Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy using the vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a novel technique for thyroid cancer surgery. We aimed to review our initial experiences with TOETVA for the management of thyroid carcinoma, using retrospective analyses of a larger single-center case series.

Methods: From September 2016 to April 2018, 132 patients with thyroid cancer underwent TOETVA.

Lateral neck metastases in the ipsilateral and contralateral compartments of papillary thyroid carcinoma located in one lobe.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) frequently involves lymph nodes in the lateral compartment, but PTC located in one lobe rarely metastasizes to bilateral lateral nodes. This study was designed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of patients with PTC limited to one lobe but with bilateral lateral neck metastasis (LNM).

Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2013, 698 patients with unilateral PTC with LNM were analysed.

Safety of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Real-World Use of Lenvatinib and Sorafenib in Korea.

Thyroid cancer has become the most common cancer in Korea. Generally, thyroid cancer patients have a good prognosis; however, 15-20% of patients experience recurrence or distant metastasis or are refractory to standard treatment. We assessed the safety of sorafenib and lenvatinib in patients with advanced or metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) consecutively treated at a tertiary center in South Korea.

Cost for treatment and follow-up of thyroid cancer increases according to the severity of disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of thyroid cancer-related health care costs over a 5-year period, according to the extent of thyroid surgery.

Methods: The study included 33 patients from our institutional database who underwent thyroid cancer surgery in 2010. Patients were divided into four groups based on surgical extent: (1) hemithyroidectomy, (2) total thyroidectomy, (3) total thyroidectomy with ipsilateral radical neck dissection, and (4) total thyroidectomy with bilateral radical neck dissection and mediastinal dissection.

SoLAT (Sorafenib Lenvatinib alternating treatment): a new treatment protocol with alternating Sorafenib and Lenvatinib for refractory thyroid Cancer.

Background: In the last decade, several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which disrupt pathways involved in the proliferation and tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer, have been extensively studied. Two different TKIs, lenvatinib and sorafenib, were recently approved by both the US FDA and European Medicine Agency. Until date, the duration of the TKI response is not sufficient and resistance eventually occurs.

Genotypic characteristics and their association with phenotypic characteristics of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma in Korea.

Background: Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma can present as a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome by rearranged during transfection gene mutation. We evaluated the prevalence of rearranged during transfection gene mutation in patients who have medullary thyroid carcinoma and the correlations of genotype with medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism according to the revised American Thyroid Association risk level.

Methods: A total of 331 patients were diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma, 172 of whom were tested for the rearranged during transfection germline mutation by sequencing of exon 8, 10, 11, and 13-16.

Ultrasonographic features and clinicopathologic characteristics of macrofollicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Macrofollicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (MFV-PTC) is defined as papillary thyroid carcinoma with macrofollicles of >200 μm in more than 50% of the cross-sectional area of the specimen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of the MFV-PTC treated in the Yonsei University College of Medicine.Between September 2007 and July 2012, 18,697 patients with PTC were treated in our institution.

Anti-cancer Effects of HNHA and Lenvatinib by the Suppression of EMT-Mediated Drug Resistance in Cancer Stem Cells.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) constitutes less than 2% of total thyroid cancers but accounts for 20-40% of thyroid cancer-related deaths. Cancer stem cell drug resistance represents a primary factor hindering treatment. This study aimed to develop targeted agents against thyroid malignancy, focusing on individual and synergistic effects of HNHA (histone deacetylase), lenvatinib (FGFR), and sorafenib (tyrosine kinase) inhibitors.

Macrometastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients is Associated with Higher Recurrence in Lateral Neck Nodes.

Background: The use of routine central compartment neck dissection surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is controversial. Although macroscopic central neck lymph node metastasis (CNLN) in PTC is a poor prognostic factor correlated with increased loco-regional recurrence, the significance of microscopic metastasis to the central lymph nodes is not established. Herein, we aimed to assess the influence of the size of CNLN on disease recurrence among PTC patients.

Long-term outcomes of ethanol injection therapy for locally recurrent papillary thyroid cancer.

The standard treatment regimen for locally recurrent lesions is total thyroidectomy, or complete removal of the recurrent thyroid lesion within the thyroid bed. However, reoperation increases the risk of complications and patients have to undergo general anesthesia. Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy represents a far less invasive procedure without general anesthesia and with lower risk of complications.

Parathyroid score can predict the duration of required calcium supplementation after total thyroidectomy.

Background: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy, owing to unintentional injury or decreased blood flow to the parathyroid glands. Prediction of postoperative hypoparathyroidism would be helpful for surgeons to manage postoperative hypocalcemia. In this study, we scored the discoloration of the parathyroid glands using a new parathyroid scoring system and evaluated the correlation between the parathyroid score and duration of required calcium supplementation after total thyroidectomy.

Synergistic Activity of N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) Heptanomide and Sorafenib Against Cancer Stem Cells, Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) although rare is the most deadly form of thyroid cancer. The fatality rate for ATC is high-pitched, the survival rate at 1 year after diagnosis is <20%. Control of ATC is severely hard and widespread with unpredictability.

Clinical Experience With n-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate in Performing Lateral Neck Dissection for Metastatic Thyroid Cancer.

Background Chyle leakage following lateral neck dissection (LND) is rare, but can induce metabolic disturbances, delay wound healing, and prolong hospitalization. n-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) has been used to achieve hemostasis and seal tissues in several surgical settings. We here assessed whether application of NBCA to the thoracic duct area is effective in sealing chyle leakage.

Diagnostic Thyroidectomy May Be Preferable in Patients With Suspicious Ultrasonography Features After Cytopathology Diagnosis of AUS/FLUS in the Bethesda System.

Atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is a new category in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) for which repeat fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is recommended. The aim of this study was to identify specific ultrasonography and clinical predictors of malignancy in a subset of thyroid nodules associated with cytology diagnoses of AUS/FLUS.Between January 2011 and December 2102, 5440 patients underwent thyroid surgery at our institution.

Potential anti-cancer effect of N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) heptanomide (HNHA), a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, for the treatment of thyroid cancer.

Background: Thyroid cancer has been indicated to have a higher global proportion of DNA methylation and a decreased level of histone acetylation. Previous studies showed that histone gene reviser and epigenetic changes role significant parts in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer tumorigenesis. The goal of this research was to study the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated actions of the dominant histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) hepatonomide (HNHA), in thyroid cancer and to explore its effects on apoptotic cell death pathways.

Postoperative biochemical remission of serum calcitonin is the best predictive factor for recurrence-free survival of medullary thyroid cancer: a large-scale retrospective analysis over 30 years.

Context: The increase in thyroid screening in the general population may lead to earlier detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Objective: We aimed to evaluate secular trends in clinicopathological characteristics and long-term prognosis of MTC and its prognostic factors.

Design: This was a retrospective analysis from 1982 to 2012.

Recovery from Permanent Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy.

Background: Permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy is a rare but potentially serious iatrogenic complication. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of recovery from postoperative, permanent hypoparathyroidism in patients undergoing thyroidectomy without parathyroid autotransplantation.

Methods: This study was a prospective case series with a postoperative follow-up of up to 3 years.

Overcoming the limitations of fine needle aspiration biopsy: detection of lateral neck node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) and US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) are considered the modalities of choice for assessing lymph nodes suspected of containing metastases, but the sensitivity of FNAB varies and is specific to the operator. We analyzed the risk of FNAB providing false negative results of lateral neck node metastasis, and evaluated diagnostic accuracy of FNAB, in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Materials And Methods: FNAB was performed in 242 patients suspected of having lateral neck node metastasis on preoperative imaging.

Thyroidectomy without lateral neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral neck lymph node metastases and negative intraoperative frozen section.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with lateral neck metastasis according to their permanent pathology report but negative frozen section findings who did not undergo lateral neck dissection.

Methods: Between September 2009 and December 2011, 575 patients at Gangnam Severance Hospital (Seoul, Korea) underwent frozen section analysis for a suspicious lateral neck lymph node. In 16 patients, the intraoperative findings were negative, but lateral neck metastasis was diagnosed on the basis of permanent pathology findings.

Reducing neck incision length during thyroid surgery does not improve satisfaction in patients.

Postoperative neck cosmesis is a major concern of patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Patients will likely be more satisfied with the long-term cosmetic appearance of smaller than larger thyroidectomy scars. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between scar length following conventional thyroid surgery and patient satisfaction.