Extended Sentinel Monitoring of Resistance to Cry and Vip3Aa Toxins in Bt Sweet Corn: Assessing Changes in Phenotypic and Allele Frequencies of Resistance.

Transgenic corn and cotton that produce Cry and Vip3Aa toxins derived from (Bt) are widely planted in the United States to control lepidopteran pests. The sustainability of these Bt crops is threatened because the corn earworm/bollworm, (Boddie), is evolving a resistance to these toxins. Using Bt sweet corn as a sentinel plant to monitor the evolution of resistance, collaborators established 146 trials in twenty-five states and five Canadian provinces during 2020-2022.

Impact of Planting Date and Insecticide Application Methods on (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Infestation and Forage Type Sorghum Yield.

Studies on the management of the invasive are essential to refining integrated pest management strategies against in forage sorghum in the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of planting date (early planting and late planting) and in-furrow and foliar insecticide application of , on infestation and forage sorghum yield in Tifton, Georgia and Florence, South Carolina, USA, in 2020 and 2021. Early planted sorghum supported slightly higher aphid density and severity of infestation as evident in the greater cumulative insect days values in the early planted sorghum at both Florence and Tifton in 2020 and 2021.

Host plant resistance, foliar insecticide application and natural enemies play a role in the management of (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in grain sorghum.

The invasive (Theobald; = Zehntner) is a serious pest of sorghum production in the southern USA. Demonstration of technologies that provide effective control is key to management of this pest. Here, we investigated the effect of host plant resistance (resistant cultivar: DKS37-07 and susceptible cultivar: DKS53-53) and a single foliar insecticide (flupyradifurone: Sivanto Prime) application on infestations and the role of natural enemy populations in grain sorghum production across five locations in four states in southeastern USA.

First record of (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the United States.

Background: A parasitoid wasp, (Wollaston), was recorded parasitizing eggs of the invasive stink bug (Stål) in the United States. This is the first record of this species parasitizing fresh and frozen eggs of in the United States.

New Information: First record of eggs in the United States.

New record of (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitising (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the United States of America.

Background: A parasitoid wasp, Johnson, was recorded parasitising eggs of the invasive stink bug (Stål), in the United States. This is the first record of this species parasitising eggs of .

New Information: First record of parasitising eggs in the United States and first record of in Alabama.

Impact of Lepidoptera (Crambidae, Noctuidae, and Pyralidae) Pests on Corn Containing Pyramided Bt Traits and a Blended Refuge in the Southern United States.

Blended refuge for transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins has been approved in the northern United States as a resistance management strategy alternative to a structured refuge. A three-year study (2012-2014) was conducted with 54 trials across nine states in the southern United States to evaluate plant injury from lepidopteran pests of corn and yield in a corn hybrid expressing Cry1F × Cry1Ab × Vip3Aa20 (Pioneer Brand Optimum Leptra) planted as a pure stand and in refuge blends of 5, 10, and 20% in both early and late plantings. Injury by corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.

Evolution of Resistance by Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Infesting Insecticidal Crops in the Southern United States.

We created a deterministic, frequency-based model of the evolution of resistance by corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), to insecticidal traits expressed in crops planted in the heterogeneous landscapes of the southern United States. The model accounts for four generations of selection by insecticidal traits each year. We used the model results to investigate the influence of three factors on insect resistance management (IRM): 1) how does adding a third insecticidal trait to both corn and cotton affect durability of the products, 2) how does unstructured corn refuge influence IRM, and 3) how do block refuges (50% compliance) and blended refuges compare with regard to IRM? When Bt cotton expresses the same number of insecticidal traits, Bt corn with three insecticidal traits provides longer durability than Bt corn with two pyramided traits.

Lepidoptera (Crambidae, Noctuidae, and Pyralidae) Injury to Corn Containing Single and Pyramided Bt Traits, and Blended or Block Refuge, in the Southern United States.

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae); sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis F.

Survival of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt Maize and Cross-Pollinated Refuge Ears From Seed Blends.

Refuge is mandated in the United States where genetically modified maize (Zea mays L.) expressing insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are cultivated. Currently, refuge is deployed in different ways including blocks, field strips, or seed blends containing Bt and non-Bt maize.

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation in the southeastern United States.

Climate variability is expected to have an influence on the population of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor Say (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a serious insect pest of winter wheat in the southeastern United States. This study had two objectives: 1) to examine the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Hessian fly infestation and 2) to develop a weather-based Hessian fly infestation model for wheat yield loss prediction. At least 20 years of Hessian fly infestation and wheat yield records from two locations in South Georgia were used for this study.

Sexually transmitted diseases update.

STDs have worldwide distribution and result in immense social and economic cost. Knowledge of the clinical signs, symptoms, current clinical tests, and treatment recommendations is important for all health care professionals.

The 1993 sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines.

This article will review the 1993 STD Treatment Guidelines of particular importance to dermatologic clinical practice. Topics include STD/HIV prevention, management of sexual partners, STD in persons with HIV co-infection, genital ulcer disease (GUD) including syphilis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and chancroid, therapy of nongonococcal (NGU) and chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis, gonococcal (GC) infections, HPV infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, pediculosis pubis, and scabies.

Sexually transmitted diseases: viruses and ectoparasites. Committee on Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the American Academy of Dermatology.

This review highlights recent developments in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of nonbacterial sexually transmitted infections. Genital herpes simplex, anogenital human papillomavirus disease, molluscum contagiosum, pediculosis pubis, and scabies are discussed.

Sexually transmitted diseases: bacterial infections. Committee on Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the American Academy of Dermatology.

This update reviews the latest diagnostic and therapeutic methods regarding sexually transmitted diseases caused by bacteria. The following mucocutaneous bacterial disorders will be discussed: syphilis, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, and gonorrhea.

Topical podofilox for the treatment of condylomata acuminata in women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of 0.5% podofilox solution (Condylox) for the treatment of genital warts in women. Thirty-seven women with anogenital warts applied the solution to the surface of these warts twice daily for 3 days, followed by 4 drug-free days.

Detection of a second widespread strain of Epstein-Barr virus.

The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) type B, which was previously found mainly in equatorial Africa, was investigated with the polymerase chain reaction in a population of healthy adults in Memphis, Tennessee. EBV was detected in the throat washings of 34 (22%) of 157 randomly selected donors, 14 (41%) of whom had type B virus and 17 (50%) type A; 3 donors (9%) had both strains. 18 additional adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection and 6 severely immunocompromised children were also investigated.

Sexually transmitted diseases in blacks.

The dermatologic findings indicative of STDs are invaluable clues to accurate diagnosis. The sexual consorts of confirmed and suspected STD patients must be promptly evaluated and treated of disease spread is to be curtailed. It is important to remember that some patients will present with more than one STD (Fig.

Discoid lupus erythematosus involving the eyelids.

Of two patients with discoid lupus erythematosus with eyelid involvement, one, a 42-year-old man, had a one-year history of persistent periorbital edema and a violaceous discoloration as the sole manifestation. Although treatment with corticosteroids and antihistamines failed to produce improvement, the patient had an excellent clinical response to systemic hydroxychloroquine therapy. Histologic examination with immunofluorescent staining demonstrated deposition of immunoglobulins at the dermoepidermal junction.

Effectiveness of cefoperazone in treating cutaneous infections.

Twenty-eight patients with severe cutaneous infections received cefoperazone, 2 grams intramuscularly twice a day for seven days. A wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens were isolated from admission cultures. All patients showed rapid clinical improvement.