No association between vascular aging and sarcopenia in healthy participants.

Background & Aims: Several reports inform an association between vascular aging and sarcopenia. However, both conditions appear along with aging. Therefore, their association may be circumstantial and not casually linked.

Muscle and Bone Health in Young Chilean Adults with Phenylketonuria and Different Degrees of Compliance with the Phenylalanine Restricted Diet.

Unlabelled: There are concerns about muscle and bone health in patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU). Our aim was to compare muscle mass, function, and bone health among young adults with PKU who maintained or suspended dietary treatment.

Methods: Three groups were considered-PKU-1: 10 patients who used a protein substitute (PS) without phenylalanine (Phe); PKU-2: 14 patients who used the PS without Phe until eighteen years old and then practiced mostly a vegan diet; and 24 matched healthy controls.

High-intensity interval training prevents muscle mass loss in overweight Chilean young adults during a hypocaloric-Mediterranean diet: a randomized trial.

The hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MD) mainly reduces fat mass but inevitably causes a loss of skeletal muscle mass. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) seems to have advantages in preserving muscle mass during a hypocaloric regime. Our study compares body composition and metabolic changes in overweight and obese Chilean women and men after 3 months of weight loss treatment with a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet, HIIT, or a combination of both.

Ultrasound assessment of rectus femoris pennation angle and echogenicity. Their association with muscle functional measures and fat infiltration measured by CT scan.

Background & Aims: Ultrasound can be used to measure the pennation angle between muscle fiver and the presumed axis of force generation and muscle echogenicity as an indicator of muscle fat infiltration. We aimed to assess the association of the rectus femoris pennation angle and echogenicity with muscle functional measures. Also, to assess the concordance of rectus femoris echogenicity with muscle fat infiltration as determined by CT scan.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of an Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplement in Patients With Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce albuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on albuminuria, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and inflammatory markers in patients with CKD.

Methods: Patients with CKD and a urine albumin excretion of at least 30 mg/g creatinine were supplemented for 3 months with 3,666 mg/day of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids or a corn oil supplement.

Accuracy of a Semi-Quantitative Ultrasound Method to Determine Liver Fat Infiltration in Early Adulthood.

An inexpensive and simple method to determine non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the abdominal ultrasound, but there are still doubts about its accuracy. We assessed the precision of a semi-quantitative ultrasound method to determine liver fat infiltration, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as the reference. The study was conducted in youths from an ongoing cohort study.

Obesity and impairment of pancreatic β-cell function in early adulthood, independent of obesity age of onset: The Santiago Longitudinal Study.

Aim: We investigated the relation of time of onset and length of obesity with biomarkers of β-cell function in early adulthood in an infancy cohort.

Material And Methods: In 1039 23-year-olds, body-mass index (BMI) was measured at multiple time-points from enrollment. BMI trajectories were interpolated with cubic polynomials.

Predictive equations are inaccurate to assess caloric needs in non-white adults from Chile.

Objectives: Predictive equations are frequently used to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) because indirect calorimetry (IC) is not always available and is expensive. The aim of this study was to determine the concordance between the estimation of REE using predictive equations and its measurement by IC.

Methods: This was an analysis of the registry of indirect calorimetry performed in non-hospitalized participants.

Efficacy of urine urea nitrogen measurement to assess the compliance with protein restricted diets.

Background: protein restriction is the mainstay of dietary management of chronic kidney disease. Aim: to assess the usefulness of urine urea nitrogen measurement as a marker of protein restriction. Methods: healthy young participants were randomly divided in two groups.

Industry funding effect on positive results of probiotic use in the management of acute diarrhea: a systematized review.

Several investigations have found that industry-funded studies tend to inform results favoring the sponsored products. The pressure to demonstrate that a drug or a product causes a favorable outcome may result in investigation biases from industry-funded research. One example of this could be found in the probiotic research funded by the industry.

Association between activity energy expenditure and peak oxygen consumption with sarcopenia.

Background: Sedentariness may be an important risk factor for sarcopenia. The aim of this work was to assess the association between muscle mass and strength and markers of usual physical activity such as activity energy expenditure and peak oxygen uptake.

Methods: Young and old participants were assessed measuring body composition by DEXA (double beam X ray absorptiometry), handgrip strength, peak oxygen consumption and workload during an exercise calorimetry in a braked cycle ergometer and a 72 h activity energy expenditure using Actiheart actigraphs.

Sarcopenia: The need to establish different cutoff points of fat-free mass for the Chilean population.

Objectives: International cutoff points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia are not applicable to the Chilean population due to previous evidence of a lower lean mass and strength in this population. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is used to establish fat-free mass cutoff points to define sarcopenia in the Chilean population and analyze its association with handgrip strength in older adults.

Methods: Appendicular fat-free mass (AFFM) was calculated from 4062 dual-energy x-ray absorptiometries of healthy Chileans, ages 18 to 99 y.

Maximal expiratory pressure predicts mortality in patients hospitalized in medical and surgical wards.

Background: the prognostic value of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures on functional capacity and mortality of hospitalized patients are not well established.

Aim: to evaluate the prognostic value of respiratory pressures in hospitalized patients.

Methods: patients admitted to a general hospital in Santiago-Chile were prospectively studied.

Effects of Two Training Modalities on Body Fat and Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women.

Henríquez, S, Monsalves-Alvarez, M, Jimenez, T, Barrera, G, Hirsch, S, de la Maza, MP, Leiva, L, Rodriguez, JM, Silva, C, and Bunout, D. Effects of two training modalities on body fat and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 2955-2964, 2017-Our objective was to compare the effects of a low-load circuit resistance training protocol and usual aerobic training in postmenopausal women.

Irisin is weakly associated with usual physical activity in young overweight women.

Purpose: To determine if irisin plasma levels are associated with regular physical activity, body composition and metabolic parameters in women subjected to calorie restriction.

Subjects And Methods: We studied 42 women aged 34 ± 13 years with a body mass index of 27.7 ± 1.

Admission handgrip strength predicts functional decline in hospitalized patients.

Problem: Up to 35% of hospitalized patients may experience functional decline during or after hospitalization. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and handgrip strength at admission, have been proposed as simple and accessible tools to predict functional decline, but there are few studies in hospitalized patients to confirm these findings.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of handgrip strength at hospital admission, on functional decline after 30 days.

Premature loss of muscle mass and function in type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Muscle mass and function are among the most relevant factors that contribute to an optimal quality of life, and are strong predictors of mortality in the elderly. Loss of lean tissues and deterioration of muscle function have been described as one of the many complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), but most studies do not isolate age as an intervening factor.

Aim: To study whether adult DM2 patients up to 60years of age have decreased muscle mass and function compared with healthy non-diabetic (ND) subjects of similar age.

Estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin excretion, and survival among patients consulting in public Chilean public primary care clinics.

Chronic renal disease (CRD) in its pre-dialysis stage is an important risk factor for mortality among adults. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CRD on mortality among consultants in Chilean public primary care clinics. We obtained information about serum creatinine, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), blood pressure, and body mass index of 5224 consultants [3379 females aged 67 (59-75) years and 1845 males aged 68 (59-75) years] in three clinics of Metropolitan Santiago.

Is L-methionine a trigger factor for Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration?: Changes in Aβ oligomers, tau phosphorylation, synaptic proteins, Wnt signaling and behavioral impairment in wild-type mice.

Background: L-methionine, the principal sulfur-containing amino acid in proteins, plays critical roles in cell physiology as an antioxidant and in the breakdown of fats and heavy metals. Previous studies suggesting the use of L-methionine as a treatment for depression and other diseases indicate that it might also improve memory and propose a role in brain function. However, some evidence indicates that an excess of methionine can be harmful and can increase the risk of developing Type-2 diabetes, heart diseases, certain types of cancer, brain alterations such as schizophrenia, and memory impairment.

FACTORS RELATED TO TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN OLDER ADULTS (CHILE).

Aim: to asses Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in healthy Chilean institutionalized or independently older people Methods: twenty seven young (27-30 years), 27 institutionalized (> 65 years old) and 27 free-living older (> 65 years old) participants were studied. Body composition was estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity energy expenditure (AEE) and TEE were assessed using Actiheart accelerometers.

Rectus femoris (RF) ultrasound for the assessment of muscle mass in older people.

Background: Simple and reliable methods to evaluate muscle mass in older people are lacking.

Aim: To evaluate ultrasound as a measure of RF muscle mass and quality in healthy subjects of different ages and gender, assessing its concordance with dual energy X-ray densitometry (DEXA) and association with muscle strength and walking capacity.

Methods: We selected 54 adults of both genders, aged 20-55 years and 51 adults older than 60 years.

Skeletal muscle ceramide species in men with abdominal obesity.

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes and its consequences, including accelerated ageing and mortality. The underlying factor could be accumulation of certain lipid moieties, such as ceramides (CER) and diacylgycerol (DAG) within muscle tissue, which are known to promote insulin resistance (IR), induce inflammation and oxidative injury, ultimately altering muscle function.

Aim: First, to study the relationship between body composition and age (independent variables) with skeletal muscle accumulation of lipid species, oxidative injury and strength.

Folates Induce Colorectal Carcinoma HT29 Cell Line Proliferation Through Notch1 Signaling.

Folic acid (FA) consumption at high levels has been associated with colon cancer risk. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association. The Notch signal pathway has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation.