Survey of Indian Dental Professionals Regarding the Use of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAD/CAM) Technology.

Objective In recent years, digital processes like computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) have been implemented in dentistry. On the use and reporting of this technology by dentists, there is no published information. The goal of this study was to determine whether CAD/CAM technology had infiltrated Indian dentistry practices and to look into the relationship between various demographic parameters and respondents' answers about using or not using this technology.

A Comparison of the Marginal Accuracy of Metal Copings Made with Three Different Brands of Nickel-Chromium Alloys and Various Sprue Designs: An Vitro Study.

Introduction: It is important to construct the sprue in a way that ensures that the mold gets an appropriate supply of metal at the right speed. Many manufacturers now offer sprue designs that have not been advocated in textbooks or publications for their normal use.

Aim: The goal of this research was to compare the sprue design's marginal fit to that of the other designs.

[Chronic rhinosinusitis with septal perforation. Differential diagnostic considerations].

Chronic rhinosinusitis together with nasal septal perforation with or without pain of the nasal skeleton and without previous trauma or surgery point toward the possible diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. However, nasal biopsy and serologic testing remain inconclusive in many patients. The otolaryngologist's role in this situation is to initiate, in close cooperation with a rheumatologist, therapy with sulfatrimethoprim, as well as with immunosuppressants if necessary.

[Decompression surgery for endocrine orbitopathy].

Background: Endocrine orbitopathy is a common feature of autoimmune thyroid disease. The increase of pressure within the eye socket leads to proptosis and compression of the optic nerve. This results in cosmetic impairment as well as loss of vision.

Carcinoma of the hypopharynx and the cervical oesophagus: a surgical challenge.

Objective: To report our results after reconstruction of the upper digestive tract for locally advanced carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus.

Design: Open study.

Setting: Teaching University hospital, Germany.

[Free small intestine transplantation with microvascular anastomosis for complete replacement of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus].

12 patients were operated on due to a cancer of the hypopharynx (T2-T4, N2-3). After resection, the reconstruction was performed with a free jejunal segment. Intraoperatively the venous anastomosis had to be renewed in 2 cases.

[Reoperations in otosclerosis. Indications, intraoperative findings, and results].

The audiological outcome of 140 stapedectomy revisions done between 1977 and 1987, as well as the pre- and intraoperative findings and the subjective appraisal of the revisions, are presented. The recurrence of the conductive deafness was the most often indication for the surgical revision and the shift of the prosthesis, verified intraoperatively, the most encountered finding. Audiological results showed, as mean value, an important reduction of the transmissive hearing loss whilst the bone conduction remained unaltered.

[Results of tinnitus therapy using lidocaine iontophoresis].

54 patients with severe tinnitus were treated by lidocaine iontophoresis. 25 patients suffered from a bilateral tinnitus. A total of 75 ears were treated.

[Clinical aspects of bilateral facial paralysis].

Facial diplegia is a rare disease. 18 patients suffering from bilateral facial palsy were examined. The clinical findings and therapeutic possibilities of ENT-surgeons are demonstrated.

[Surgery of facial paralysis in fractures of the petrous bone].

Follow-up of 38 patients with facial nerve paralysis in fractures of the petrous bone. Transmastoidal approach was performed in 23 cases. 15 patients underwent either translabyrinthine or transtemporal approach.

[Tumors of the facial nerve canal].

The X-ray tomograms of 13 patients with tumors in the facial nerve canal are discussed. The leading clinical symptom is the peripheral facial nerve palsy without recovery, often combined with deafness and dizziness. The X-ray film shows opacity, widening of the internal auditory canal and/or of the third part of the facial nerve canal, further erosion of the bony structures and destruction of the pyramid.

Rupture of supra-aortic neck arteries due to lesions caused by tracheal tubes.

Haemorrhages from the common carotid or innominate artery caused by tracheal tubes are rare but dramatic complications of head and neck surgery. Patients with metal tracheostomy cannulas or patients in the phase of wound healing after radical tumour resections of the pharynx and larynx run a greater risk. Following extensive tumour resections and radiation of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts in 680 patients, acute bleeding of the larger neck arteries occurred in 18 patients.

[Rupture, emergency ligature and elective ligature of the carotid artery].

680 patients underwent surgery with radical neck dissection and tumour resection because of malignant diseases of the upper respiratory and digestive tract. Further therapy was pre- and/or postoperative radiation and in some cases preoperative cytostatic therapy. Carotid "blow out" occurred in 18 patients (2,6%) because of fistula formation, bad wound healing and tumour recurrence.