Engrailed-2 and inflammation convergently and independently impinge on cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a complex pathogenesis thought to include both genetic and extrinsic factors. Among the latter, inflammation of the developing brain has recently gained growing attention. However, how genetic predisposition and inflammation might converge to precipitate autistic behavior remains elusive.

Megastudy shows that reminders boost vaccination but adding free rides does not.

Encouraging routine COVID-19 vaccinations is likely to be a crucial policy challenge for decades to come. To avert hundreds of thousands of unnecessary hospitalizations and deaths, adoption will need to be higher than it was in the autumn of 2022 or 2023, when less than one-fifth of Americans received booster vaccines. One approach to encouraging vaccination is to eliminate the friction of transportation hurdles.

Effect of Daytime versus Nighttime on Prehospital Care and Outcomes after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Netherlands, suspected TBI is a criterion for the dispatch of the physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) which are operational 24 h per day. It is unknown if patient outcome is influenced by the time of day during which the incident occurs.

Optimization of cardiopulmonary bypass prime fluid to preserve microcirculatory perfusion during on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: PRIME study protocol for a double-blind randomized trial.

Background: Acute microcirculatory perfusion disturbances and organ edema are important factors leading to organ dysfunction during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Priming of the CPB system with crystalloid or colloid fluids, which inevitably leads to hemodilution, could contribute to this effect. However, there is yet no optimal evidence-based strategy for this type of priming.

Traumatic Cardiac Arrest-A Narrative Review.

A paradigm shift in traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) perception switched the traditional belief of futility of TCA resuscitation to a more optimistic perspective, at least in selected cases. The goal of TCA resuscitation is to rapidly and aggressively treat the common potentially reversible causes of TCA. Advances in diagnostics and therapy in TCA are ongoing; however, they are not always translating into improved outcomes.

Etomidate versus Ketamine as Prehospital Induction Agent in Patients with Suspected Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Severe traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young people around the world. Prehospital care focuses on the prevention and treatment of secondary brain injury and commonly includes tracheal intubation after induction of general anesthesia. The choice of induction agent in this setting is controversial.

Changes in colloid oncotic pressure during cardiac surgery with different prime fluid strategies.

Objective: In cardiac surgery, colloid oncotic pressure (COP) is affected by haemodilution that results from composition and volume of prime fluid of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, the extent to which different priming strategies alter COP is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of different priming strategies on COP in on-pump cardiac surgery.

Smartwatch based automatic detection of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Study rationale and protocol of the project.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality. Immediate detection and treatment are of paramount importance for survival and good quality of life. The first link in the 'chain of survival' after OHCA - the early recognition and alerting of emergency medical services - is at the same time the weakest link as it entirely depends on witnesses.

A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered Through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination Among Patients With an Upcoming Primary Care Visit.

Purpose: To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates.

Design: Randomized, controlled trial.

Setting: Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and March 2021.

Outcome in patients undergoing postponed elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic (TRACE II): study protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic many non-acute elective surgeries were cancelled or postponed around the world. This has created an opportunity to study the effect of delayed surgery on health conditions prior to surgery and postsurgical outcomes in patients with postponed elective surgery. The control group of the Routine Postsurgical Anesthesia Visit to Improve Patient Outcome (TRACE I) study, conducted between 2016 and 2019, will serve as a control cohort.

Effects of crystalloid and colloid priming strategies for cardiopulmonary bypass on colloid oncotic pressure and haemostasis: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: Colloid oncotic pressure (COP) is an important factor in cardiac surgery, owing to its role in haemodilution. The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass prime fluids on the COP is unknown. In this study, the effect of crystalloid and colloid prime fluids, with or without retrograde autologous priming (RAP), on the COP during elective cardiac surgery was evaluated.

A 680,000-person megastudy of nudges to encourage vaccination in pharmacies.

Encouraging vaccination is a pressing policy problem. To assess whether text-based reminders can encourage pharmacy vaccination and what kinds of messages work best, we conducted a megastudy. We randomly assigned 689,693 Walmart pharmacy patients to receive one of 22 different text reminders using a variety of different behavioral science principles to nudge flu vaccination or to a business-as-usual control condition that received no messages.

Frailty as a growing challenge for anesthesiologists - results of a Dutch national survey.

Background: Frailty is a multidimensional condition characterized by loss of functional reserve, which results in increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes following surgery. Anesthesiologists can reduce adverse outcomes when risk factors are recognized early and dedicated care pathways are operational. As the frail elderly population is growing, we investigated the perspective on the aging population, familiarity with the frailty syndrome and current organization of perioperative care for elderly patients among Dutch anesthesiologists.

Antipsychotic Medication-Induced Hyperthermia Leading to Cerebrovascular Accident: A Case Report.

Antipsychotic medications are used in the management of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications treat both positive and negative symptoms via the dopamine D2 receptor and serotonin 5-HT2A blockade pathway. Side effects include hyperprolactinemia, prolonged QTc, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

The effect of non-point-of-care haemostasis management protocol implementation in cardiac surgery: A systematic review.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to outline the evidence on the implementation of a non-point-of-care (non-point-of-care [POC]) haemostasis management protocol compared to experience-based practice in adult cardiac surgery.

Background: Management of coagulopathy in cardiac surgery is complex and remains highly variable among centres and physicians. Although various guidelines recommend the implementation of a transfusion protocol, the literature on this topic has never been systematically reviewed.

A megastudy of text-based nudges encouraging patients to get vaccinated at an upcoming doctor's appointment.

Many Americans fail to get life-saving vaccines each year, and the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 makes the challenge of encouraging vaccination more urgent than ever. We present a large field experiment ( = 47,306) testing 19 nudges delivered to patients via text message and designed to boost adoption of the influenza vaccine. Our findings suggest that text messages sent prior to a primary care visit can boost vaccination rates by an average of 5%.

The effects of preoperative moderate to severe anaemia on length of hospital stay: A propensity score-matched analysis in non-cardiac surgery patients.

Background: Anaemia is frequently recorded during preoperative screening and has been suggested to affect outcomes after surgery negatively.

Objectives: The objectives were to assess the frequency of moderate to severe anaemia and its association with length of hospital stay.

Design: Post hoc analysis of the international observational prospective 'Local ASsessment of VEntilatory management during General Anaesthesia for Surgery' (LAS VEGAS) study.

Hydroxyurea: a reappraisal of its cutaneous side effects and their management.

Hydroxyurea (HU) is known to cause a broad spectrum of cutaneous side effects, ranging from relatively benign to severe. Although dermatologists are often consulted for the treatment of these side effects, a comprehensive resource discussing the different types and their management is lacking. In this study, we conducted a literature search in order to critically evaluate the reported types and management of hydroxyurea's cutaneous side effects, as well as review its mechanism of action, dermatologic uses, and common systemic side effects.

Collision tumors: A review of their types, pathogenesis, and diagnostic challenges.

A collision tumor is a neoplastic lesion comprised of two or more distinct cell populations that maintain distinct borders. Collision tumors, which are rare but well documented, can be composed of two benign tumors, a benign and malignant tumor, and two malignant tumors. Although case reports and reviews on specific types of collision tumors exist, a cohesive source discussing these tumors is lacking.

First-Onset Herpesviral Infection and Lung Injury in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

"Noninfectious" pulmonary complications are significant causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Early-onset viral reactivations or infections are common after transplant. Whether the first-onset viral infection causes noninfectious pulmonary complications is unknown.

Transbronchial biopsy in the management of pulmonary complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The utility of transbronchial biopsy in the management of pulmonary complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has shown variable results. Herein, we examine the largest case series of patients undergoing transbronchial biopsy following HSCT. We performed a retrospective analysis of 130 transbronchial biopsy cases performed in patients with pulmonary complications post HSCT.