Supplementary motor area in speech initiation: A large-scale intracranial EEG evaluation of stereotyped word articulation.

Speech production engages a distributed network of cortical and subcortical brain regions. The supplementary motor area (SMA) has long been thought to be a key hub in coordinating across these regions to initiate voluntary movements, including speech. We analyzed direct intracranial recordings from 115 patients with epilepsy as they articulated a single word in a subset of trials from a picture-naming task.

Physiotherapists' Experiences and Perceived Acceptability of Delivering a Knee Bracing Intervention for People With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis in a Randomised Trial (PROP OA): A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: To explore physiotherapists' experiences and perceived acceptability of delivering a bracing intervention for knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the 'PROvision of braces for Patients with knee OA' (PROP OA) randomised controlled trial.

Method: Semi-structured telephone interviews with consenting physiotherapists who received the PROP OA training programme and delivered the knee bracing intervention (advice, information and exercise instruction plus knee brace matched to patients' clinical and radiographic presentation and with adherence support). Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim.

Expectations and Perspectives About Infant Feeding of Their First Child Among Rural Women.

Objective: To explore expectations and perspectives related to infant feeding of their first child among rural women.

Design: Qualitative descriptive.

Setting: Rural women who were first-time mothers (N = 18).

A person-centred primary care pharmacist-led osteoporosis review for optimising medicines (PHORM): a protocol for the development and co-design of a model consultation intervention.

Introduction: Adherence to medicines in osteoporosis is poor, with estimated 1 year persistence rates between 16% and 60%. Poor adherence is complex, relating to combinations of fear of side effects, beliefs about medication being unnecessary, doubts about effectiveness and the burden of medication management. This is compounded by an absence of monitoring, as many patients are effectively discharged from ongoing care following the initial prescription.

Barriers and Facilitators That Influence HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)-Prescribing Behaviors Among Primary Care Providers in the Southern United States.

The Southern United States (US) bears the highest burden of HIV prevalence in the country, disproportionately affecting African American communities. Despite the proven efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV transmission, its uptake remains suboptimal in this region. This study aimed to identify factors influencing PrEP-prescribing behaviors among primary care providers (PCPs) in the Southern US through the application of the transtheoretical model of behavior change.

An Empowerment-Based Intervention for Chinese Immigrant Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Feasibility and Acceptability.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern, particularly in vulnerable populations such as Chinese immigrant women.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an empowerment-based intervention integrated with relaxation and self-compassion techniques for Chinese immigrant women experiencing IPV.

Methods: The present study was a part of a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT).

A person-centred consultation intervention to improve shared decision-making about, and uptake of, osteoporosis medicines (iFraP): a pragmatic, parallel-group, individual randomised controlled trial protocol.

Background: Good quality shared decision-making (SDM) conversations involve people with, or at risk of osteoporosis and clinicians collaborating to decide, where appropriate, which evidence-based medicines best fit the person's life, beliefs, and values. We developed the mproving uptake of cture revention drug treatments (iFraP) intervention comprising a computerised Decision Support Tool (DST), clinician training package and information resources, for use in UK Fracture Liaison Service consultations.Two primary objectives to determine (1) the effect of the iFraP intervention on patient-reported ease in decision-making about osteoporosis medicines, and (2) cost-effectiveness of iFraP intervention compared to usual NHS care.

Exploring practice and perspectives on shared decision-making about osteoporosis medicines in Fracture Liaison Services: the iFraP development qualitative study.

Unlabelled: Interviews and focus groups with patients, FLS clinicians, and GPs identified challenges relating to clinical and shared decision-making about bone health and osteoporosis medicines. Findings will inform the development of the multicomponent iFraP intervention to address identified training needs and barriers to implementation to facilitate SDM about osteoporosis medicines.

Purpose: The iFraP (improving uptake of Fracture Prevention treatments) study aimed to develop a multicomponent intervention, including an osteoporosis decision support tool (DST), to support shared decision-making (SDM) about osteoporosis medicines.

A neurocomputational view of the effects of Parkinson's disease on speech production.

The purpose of this article is to review the scientific literature concerning speech in Parkinson's disease (PD) with reference to the DIVA/GODIVA neurocomputational modeling framework. Within this theoretical view, the basal ganglia (BG) contribute to several different aspects of speech motor learning and execution. First, the BG are posited to play a role in the initiation and scaling of speech movements.

A Qualitative Exploration of Perinatal Opioid Users' Pain-Related Experiences.

Background: Many pregnant and postpartum individuals who misuse prescription opioids report either physical or psychological pain. The pain-related factors underlying perinatal opioid misuse are poorly understood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the pain-related experiences of individuals with histories of perinatal prescription opioid misuse.

Reviews for multimorbidity risk in people with inflammatory conditions: a qualitative study.

Background: People with inflammatory rheumatological conditions (IRCs) are at high risk of developing other conditions including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mood disorders.

Aim: To explore perspectives of people with IRCs and healthcare practitioners (HCPs) on the content and delivery of a review consultation aimed at identification and management of multiple long-term conditions (mLTCs).

Design & Setting: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with people with IRCs and HCPs in primary and secondary care.

Modulation of mGlu5 reduces rewarding associative properties of nicotine via changes in mesolimbic plasticity: Relevance to comorbid cigarette smoking in psychosis.

Rationale: Antipsychotic medications that are used to treat psychosis are often limited in their efficacy by high rates of severe side effects. Treatment success in schizophrenia is further complicated by high rates of comorbid nicotine use. Dopamine D heteroreceptor complexes have recently emerged as targets for the development of more efficacious pharmaceutical treatments for schizophrenia.

Comparison of different methods of screening to identify intimate partner violence: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Screening for intimate partner violence in the home is often challenging due to the lack of privacy. The aim of this study was to compare two different screening methods (paper-pencil vs. tablet) for identifying intimate partner violence during perinatal home visits.

Variation in UK fracture liaison service consultation conduct and content before and during the COVID pandemic: results from the iFraP-D UK survey.

Unlabelled: We conducted a survey of FLSs' consultation conduct and content which identified marked variation in whether FLS HCPs discussed osteoporosis medicine with patients. A review of service pro formas showed more content related to 'investigating' and 'intervening' than to 'informing'. We propose an expanded FLS typology and model FLS pro forma.

Discovering "What Matters" to patients: A quality improvement project.

Purpose: Age-Friendly Health Systems were developed to provide an evidenced based framework to provide high-quality care to older adults. The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to increase the completion of the "What Matters" section of the "Get to Know Me" boards.

Methods: Face-to-face training was provided to staff via individual sessions on "What Matters" to patients and how to complete the boards.

Spike-phase coupling of subthalamic neurons to posterior opercular cortex predicts speech sound accuracy.

Speech provides a rich context for understanding how cortical interactions with the basal ganglia contribute to unique human behaviors, but opportunities for direct intracranial recordings across cortical-basal ganglia networks are rare. We recorded electrocorticographic signals in the cortex synchronously with single units in the basal ganglia during awake neurosurgeries where subjects spoke syllable repetitions. We discovered that individual STN neurons have transient (200ms) spike-phase coupling (SPC) events with multiple cortical regions.

Self-Compassion, Health, and Empowerment: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial for Chinese Immigrant Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence.

Chinese immigrant survivors of men's violence experience both significant mental health impacts from abuse and barriers to formal services. Therefore, we examined the preliminary efficacy of an innovative mobile-based empowerment-based intervention (self-compassion, health, and empowerment; SHE) that specifically focuses on abused Chinese immigrant women in the US. This pilot study used a two-arm randomized controlled design with repeated measures.

Decoding articulatory and phonetic components of naturalistic continuous speech from the distributed language network.

The speech production network relies on a widely distributed brain network. However, research and development of speech brain-computer interfaces (speech-BCIs) has typically focused on decoding speech only from superficial subregions readily accessible by subdural grid arrays-typically placed over the sensorimotor cortex. Alternatively, the technique of stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) enables access to distributed brain regions using multiple depth electrodes with lower surgical risks, especially in patients with brain injuries resulting in aphasia and other speech disorders.

Exploring the treatment burden of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug monitoring in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: People with RA taking DMARDs require safety monitoring to identify potential side effects. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of patients and family members on DMARD monitoring and how the associated treatment burden could be minimized to optimize concordance and safety.

Methods: Thirteen adults with RA on DMARDs and three family members participated in semi-structured telephone interviews between July 2021 and January 2022.

Maternal COVID vaccination and breastfeeding during a pandemic: Habitus and health behavior decision making.

Objective: To examine the influence of habitus on women's health behavior regarding breastfeeding and subsequent COVID-19 vaccination.

Design: A qualitative descriptive design, guided by Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus.

Sample: Eighteen women who were postpartum, breastfeeding, and vaccinated against COVID- 19 either during pregnancy or while breastfeeding postpartum.

Non-pharmacological interventions for the management of perinatal anxiety in primary care: a meta-review of systematic reviews.

Background: Perinatal anxiety (PNA), anxiety that occurs during pregnancy and/or up to 12 months postpartum, is estimated to affect up to 21% of women, and may impact negatively on mothers, children, and their families. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has called for further research around non-pharmacological interventions in primary care for PNA.

Aim: To summarise the available international evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for women with PNA in a primary care population.

Acoustic-Aerodynamic Voice Outcome Ratios Identify Changes in Vocal Function Following Vocal Fold Medialization for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether ratio-based measures that combine acoustic (output) and aerodynamic (input) parameters detect postoperative change in vocal function following vocal fold medialization for unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

Method: Pre- and postoperative acoustic and aerodynamic measures were analyzed retrospectively from 149 patients who underwent vocal fold medialization for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. A 2 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted for each of four acoustic-aerodynamic ratios-traditional vocal efficiency (VE), sound pressure level to aerodynamic power (SPL/AP), SPL to average airflow (SPL/AFLOW), and SPL to subglottal pressure (SPL/Ps)-to investigate the main effects and interaction of treatment stage and loudness level (comfortable and loud).

The Work of Breastfeeding Among Women of Low Socioeconomic Status: A Qualitative Metasynthesis.

A theory-generating qualitative metasynthesis was used to explore the questions: (a) How do mothers of low socioeconomic status in the United States express their attitudes and beliefs on breastfeeding? (b) How do mothers of low socioeconomic status in the United States describe the types of support received related to breastfeeding? Databases were searched from January 2000 to June 2022. Eleven qualitative studies were evaluated, and six themes were identified. A model was developed illustrating how the themes impact a mother's decision to breastfeed.