Implementation of an Occupational Sun Safety Intervention: A Comparison of Two Scalability Strategies.

Objective: Two methods for scaling up an evidence-based occupational sun protection program were compared.

Methods: Regional districts ( n = 138) in 21 state Departments of Transportation throughout the United States were randomized to receive the Go Sun Smart at Work program via in-person or digital scalability methods in 2019-2022 in 1:2 ratio. Managers completed pretest and posttest surveys and employees completed posttest surveys.

Individualized monitoring of heat illness risk: novel adaptive physiological strain index to assess exercise-heat strain from athletes to fully encapsulated workers.

. Exercise-heat strain estimation approaches often involve combinations of body core temperature (Tcore), skin temperature (Tsk) and heart rate (HR). A successful existing measure is the 'Physiological Strain Index' (PSI), which combines HR and Tcore values to estimate strain.

Active ascent accelerates the time course but not the overall incidence and severity of acute mountain sickness at 3,600 m.

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) typically peaks following the first night at high altitude (HA) and resolves over the next 2-3 days, but the impact of active ascent on AMS is debated. To determine the impact of ascent conditions on AMS, 78 healthy Soldiers (means ± SD; age = 26 ± 5 yr) were tested at baseline residence, transported to Taos, NM (2,845 m), hiked ( = 39) or were driven ( = 39) to HA (3,600 m), and stayed for 4 days. AMS-cerebral (AMS-C) factor score was assessed at HA twice on (HA1), five times on and (HA2 and HA3), and once on (HA4).

Feasibility of a Bullying Bystander Intervention (STAC) Parent Module for Rural Schools.

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of parent training designed as a companion module to a bullying bystander intervention (STAC) for middle school students in rural communities. Parents ( = 23) invited from three rural middle schools viewed a parent training and completed measures to assess limited efficacy through immediate program outcomes (e.g.

Cleft Palate Fistula: A Review.

Background: The development of postoperative oronasal fistulae (ONF) is a complication that plagues all cleft surgeons to varying degrees. There is extensive literature discussing the incidence, functional impact, and treatment of ONF. The goal of this article is to provide an extensive review of the literature discussing the incidence, causative factors, functional impact, classification systems, and treatment of ONF.

Benefits, limitations and implementation issues for integrating organic foods into hospital foodservices: a systematic review.

Background: Public institutions have the opportunity to implement environmental sustainability policies through leveraging their buying potential. Given the role of hospitals within the food system, the implementation of sustainable initiatives into hospital foodservices is a priority. Compared to conventional agricultural methods, organic food production uses more sustainable practices and warrants consideration for utilisation in hospitals.

Solar UV Measured under Built-Shade in Public Parks: Findings from a Randomized Trial in Denver and Melbourne.

Reducing exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) is crucial for preventing UV-induced diseases of the skin and eyes. Shade may offer significant protection from UV. More empirical research to quantify the UV protection offered from built shade is needed to guide disease prevention practices and confidence in investment in shade.

Posttraining Outcomes, Acceptability, and Technology-Based Delivery of the STAC Bystander Bullying Intervention Teacher Module: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Bullying is a significant problem for youth associated with wide-ranging negative consequences. Providing students who witness bullying with intervention strategies to act as defenders can reduce bullying and negative associated outcomes for both targets and bystanders. Educating teachers about bullying and training them to support students to intervene as defenders may increase the efficacy of bystander programs as teachers' attitudes and responses to bullying relate to bystander behavior.

Complication Profile of Total Submuscular Versus Prepectoral Tissue Expander Placement: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: We sought to compare the safety profile of prepectoral breast reconstruction with total submuscular tissue expander reconstruction, previously our standard. Primary outcomes of interest in this retrospective cohort study were incidence of infection, hematoma, seroma, mastectomy flap necrosis, and reconstruction loss.

Methods: Total submuscular and prepectoral with acellular dermal matrix reconstructions consecutively performed by a single surgeon (P.

Gait instability and estimated core temperature predict exertional heat stroke.

Objective: Exertional heat stroke (EHS), characterised by a high core body temperature (Tcr) and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, is a concern for athletes, workers and military personnel who must train and perform in hot environments. The objective of this study was to determine whether algorithms that estimate Tcr from heart rate and gait instability from a trunk-worn sensor system can forward predict EHS onset.

Methods: Heart rate and three-axis accelerometry data were collected from chest-worn sensors from 1806 US military personnel participating in timed 4/5-mile runs, and loaded marches of 7 and 12 miles; in total, 3422 high EHS-risk training datasets were available for analysis.

Influence of Soldiers' Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Physiological Responses and Dropouts During a Loaded Long-distance March.

Introduction: In military service, marching is an important, common, and physically demanding task. Minimizing dropouts, maintaining operational readiness during the march, and achieving a fast recovery are desirable because the soldiers have to be ready for duty, sometimes shortly after an exhausting task. The present field study investigated the influence of the soldiers' cardiorespiratory fitness on physiological responses during a long-lasting and challenging 34 km march.

Usability of a Technology-Based Bystander Bullying Intervention for Middle School Students in Rural, Low-Income Communities: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Students who are targets of bullying and who witness bullying are at high risk for negative mental health outcomes. Bystander training is essential to reduce bullying and the negative associated consequences for targets and bystanders. Resources necessary for program delivery, however, pose significant barriers for schools, particularly those in rural, low-income communities.

Real-world walking economy: can laboratory equations predict field energy expenditure?

We addressed a practical question that remains largely unanswered after more than a century of active investigation: can equations developed in the laboratory accurately predict the energy expended under free-walking conditions in the field? Seven subjects walked a field course of 6,415 m that varied in gradient (-3.0 to +5.0%) and terrain (asphalt, grass) under unloaded (body weight only, ) and balanced, torso-loaded (1.

Validation of ambulatory monitoring devices to measure energy expenditure and heart rate in a military setting.

To investigate the validity of different devices and algorithms used in military organizations worldwide to assess physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and heart rate (HR) among soldiers.Device validation study..

On the real-time prevention and monitoring of exertional heat illness in military personnel.

The proliferation of user-friendly low-cost wearable sensors has brought the concept of real-time physiological monitoring for exertional heat illness to the cusp of reality. This paper reviews and discusses the current state of the art in real-time physiological status monitoring for exertional heat illness mitigation within the military context. The review examines how both advanced sensor systems, models and algorithms are being combined in an international and collaborative way and how this is providing real solutions to military units to reduce the risk held by the commander.

Randomized Trial Testing an Online Responsible Vendor Training in Recreational Marijuana Stores in the United States.

Objective: An online training in responsible marijuana vendor (RMV) practices was evaluated for effects on compliance with ID checking regulations.

Method: A random sample of state-licensed recreational marijuana stores (n = 175) in Colorado and Washington State was selected in 2016-2017 and was enrolled in a randomized pretest-posttest controlled design. After baseline assessment, 75 stores were randomly assigned to a usual and customary training control group, stratified by state and region.

Association of occupational sun safety policy and actions in state transportation sector in the United States.

Background: Occupational sun protection is recommended by government health authorities. Sun safety policies and predictors of managers' reports of sun safety actions were assessed.

Methods: Written policies from 21 state departments of transportation (DOTs) enrolled in a randomized trial to test methods for scaling-up an occupational sun safety intervention were coded for sun safety content at baseline.

Serum immunoglobulin E responses to aeroallergens in cats with naturally occurring airway eosinophilia compared to unaffected control cats.

Background: Eosinophilic airway disease in cats is sometimes described as allergic in origin, but controversy exists in the documentation of allergy in cats and the utility of allergy testing for respiratory tract diseases.

Objective: To examine serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to aeroallergens in cats with airway eosinophilia.

Animals: Fifteen cats with idiopathic eosinophilic airway inflammation and 9 control cats.

Estimating Sedentary Breathing Rate from Chest-Worn Accelerometry From Free-Living Data.

Breathing rate was estimated from chest-worn accelerometry collected from 1,522 servicemembers during training by a wearable physiological monitor. A total of 29,189 hours of training and sleep data were analyzed. The primary purpose of the monitor was to assess thermal-work strain and avoid heat injuries.

Design and baseline data of a randomized trial comparing two methods for scaling-up an occupational sun protection intervention.

Background: Successful methods for scaling-up evidence-based programs are needed to prevent skin cancer among adults who work outdoors in the sun.

Methods: A randomized trial is being conducted comparing two methods of scaling-up the Sun Safe Workplaces (SSW) intervention. Departments of transportation (DOTs) from 21 U.

Parent reports of sun safety communication and behaviour for students in a randomised trial on a school policy implementation intervention.

Objective: Schools are an important setting for skin cancer prevention. An intervention for implementation of school sun safety policy, Sun Safety Schools (SSS), was evaluated.

Methods: Primary schools (n=118) in California school districts that had already adopted a sun safety policy were enrolled in a study with a randomised controlled design.

Estimated and measured core temperature responses to high-intensity warm weather military training: implications for exertional heat illness risk assessment.

Objective: Humans avoid overheating through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. However, elite athletes, industrial workers, and military personnel, driven by the tasks at hand, may choose to continue working and face an increased risk of exertional heat illness (EHI). We wanted to examine the efficacy of a new core temperature (Tcr) estimation algorithm in assessing EHI risk.