Interview study exploring how global health partnership principles are enacted and recommendations for practice.

Background: Effective global health partnerships can strengthen and improve health and healthcare systems across the world; however, establishing and maintaining effective partnerships can be challenging. Principles of Partnerships have been developed to improve the quality and effectiveness of health partnerships. It is unclear how principles are enacted in practice, and current research has not always included the voices of low-income and middle-income country partners.

Healthcare professional communication behaviours, skills, barriers, and enablers: Exploring the perspectives of people living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

This qualitative study conceptualised effective communication behaviours of healthcare professionals (gastroenterologists, surgeons, nurses, and general practitioners) and explored communication barriers and facilitators from the perspective of adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Seventeen qualitative interviews were conducted with people living with IBD in the UK or USA ( = 17) and their spouses ( = 4). An inductive content analysis was firstly applied to participants' accounts to define which healthcare professionals' behaviours and skills were perceived as essential for effective communication.

Species delimitation, discovery and conservation in a tiger beetle species complex despite discordant genetic data.

In an age of species declines, delineating and discovering biodiversity is critical for both taxonomic accuracy and conservation. In recent years, there has been a movement away from using exclusively morphological characters to delineate and describe taxa and an increase in the use of molecular markers to describe diversity or through integrative taxonomy, which employs traditional morphological characters, as well as genetic or other data. Tiger beetles are charismatic, of conservation concern, and much work has been done on the morphological delineation of species and subspecies, but few of these taxa have been tested with genetic analyses.

A comparative analysis of form and function in Centrarchidae hearing ability: Does otolith variation affect auditory responsiveness?

There exists a wealth of knowledge on hearing ability in individual fish species, but the role of interspecific variation, and drivers behind it, remains understudied, making it difficult to understand evolutionary drivers. The current study quantified hearing thresholds for three species of sunfish in the family Centrarchidae [bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris)] using auditory evoked potentials and behavioral trials and saccular otolith size and hair cell density. In auditory physiological experiments, 10-ms tone bursts were played and responses monitored to measure hearing.

'We just need to find space for them to practice so that we can help to make a stronger society': Perceived barriers and facilitators to employing health psychologists in UK public health and clinical health settings.

Introduction: In recent years, health psychology has received significant attention within the health sector, due to its application to understanding influences on health and well-being and translation of health psychology into interventions to support behaviour change. The number of health psychologists in public health and healthcare settings is growing but remains limited, and is it unclear why. This study aimed to explore the views of potential and current employers of health psychologists, to elucidate barriers and facilitators of employing health psychologists in healthcare settings.

An interview study to explore applied psychologists' experiences of implementing health psychology in global health partnerships: The Change Exchange.

Introduction: Health partnerships in global health aim to build capacity by strengthening training and education. Health psychology has an important role to play, as traditionally health partnerships focus upon increasing capability such as increasing knowledge but do not tackle opportunity and motivation. The Change Exchange recruits applied psychologist volunteers to utilize health psychology in global health partnerships, which is a novel approach.

Therapeutic activation of endothelial sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 by chaperone-bound S1P suppresses proliferative retinal neovascularization.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the circulating HDL-bound lipid mediator that acts via S1P receptors (S1PR), is required for normal vascular development. The role of this signaling axis in vascular retinopathies is unclear. Here, we show in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) that endothelial overexpression of S1pr1 suppresses while endothelial knockout of S1pr1 worsens neovascular tuft formation.

Understanding ethnic minority service user experiences of being invited to and attending group pain programmes: A qualitative service evaluation.

Introduction: Health inequalities continue to exist for individuals from an ethnic minority background who live with chronic pain. There is a growing recognition that an individual's experience of pain is shaped by their cultural beliefs, which may influence their decisions about managing their pain.

Aims: This service evaluation aimed to (a) understand experiences of service users from a Black, Asian or other ethnic minority background of being invited to and attending a group pain programme in one secondary care pain rehabilitation service.

Using behavioural science to explore impact and implementation of obstetric anaesthesia training in Tanzania, Nepal and Bangladesh: a qualitative evaluation study with obstetric anaesthesia providers.

High quality obstetric anaesthetic care is integral to reducing preventable maternal deaths in Low-and-Middle-Income-Countries (LMICs). We applied behavioural science to evaluate SAFE Obstetrics, a 3-day Continuing Professional Development (CPD) course, on physician and non-physician anaesthetists' practice behaviours across 3 LMICs. Seven anaesthetist Fellows from Bangladesh, Nepal and Tanzania were trained in qualitative methods and behavioural science.

The behaviours identified and the behaviour change techniques planned in health partnerships for antimicrobial stewardship.

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions promote optimised use of antimicrobials by healthcare professionals. In 2019-2020, the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) supported 12 global health partnerships in low- and middle-income countries to co-develop education and training interventions to improve AMS practices amongst hospital staff. This study aimed to describe six of the CwPAMS health partnerships' target behaviours and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) within their planned AMS interventions.

Neural and Müller glial adaptation of the retina to photoreceptor degeneration.

The majority of inherited retinal degenerative diseases and dry age-related macular degeneration are characterized by decay of the outer retina and photoreceptors, which leads to progressive loss of vision. The inner retina, including second- and third-order retinal neurons, also shows aberrant structural changes at all stages of degeneration. Müller glia, the major glial cells maintain retinal homeostasis, activating and rearranging immediately in response to photoreceptor stress.

Cytochrome P450 oxidase 2J inhibition suppresses choroidal neovascularization in mice.

Introduction: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to blindness. It has been widely reported that increased intake of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) diets reduce CNV. Of the three major pathways metabolizing ω-3 (and ω-6 LCPUFA), the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways generally produce pro-angiogenic metabolites from ω-6 LCPUFA and anti-angiogenic ones from ω-3 LCPUFA.

Behaviourally informed, patient-led interventions to reduce missed appointments in general practice: a 12-month implementation study.

Background: Scalable, positive, behaviourally informed interventions may help people remember to attend their primary care appointment or cancel in good time, but have not yet been implemented long term.

Aim: To examine effects of social norms and making active commitments on missed and cancelled appointments in primary care over 12 months and explore implementation factors.

Design And Setting: A mixed-methods design evaluation and implementation study led by a Patient Participation Group (PPG) member in a large GP practice in the West Midlands.

Omega-3/Omega-6 Long-Chain Fatty Acid Imbalance in Phase I Retinopathy of Prematurity.

There is a gap in understanding the effect of the essential ω-3 and ω-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on Phase I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which precipitates proliferative ROP. Postnatal hyperglycemia contributes to Phase I ROP by delaying retinal vascularization. In mouse neonates with hyperglycemia-associated Phase I retinopathy, dietary ω-3 (vs.

Using behavioural science in public health settings during the COVID-19 pandemic: The experience of public health practitioners and behavioural scientists.

Introduction: The emergence of COVID-19 and the importance of behaviour change to limit its spread created an urgent need to apply behavioural science to public health. Knowledge mobilisation, the processes whereby research leads to useful findings that are implemented to affect positive outcomes, is a goal for researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike. This study aimed to explores the experience of using behavioural science in public health during COVID-19, to discover barriers and facilitators and whether the rapidly changing context of COVID-19 influenced knowledge mobilisation.

Exploring barriers and facilitators for mental health professionals delivering behavioural activation to young people with depression: qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Background: Depression prevalence among young people is increasing, with growing pressures on specialist mental health services. Manualised behavioural activation therapy may be effective for young people, and can be delivered by a range of mental health professionals (MHPs). This study explored clinician perspectives of barriers and facilitators to implementing behavioural activation with young people in routine practice.

Müller glial responses compensate for degenerating photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa.

Photoreceptor degeneration caused by genetic defects leads to retinitis pigmentosa, a rare disease typically diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. In most cases, rod loss occurs first, followed by cone loss as well as altered function in cells connected to photoreceptors directly or indirectly. There remains a gap in our understanding of retinal cellular responses to photoreceptor abnormalities.

Are women with traits of perfectionism more likely to develop perinatal depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Women who present with a maladaptive form of the perfectionism trait may be vulnerable to perinatal depression (PND). The studies examining this association, though, differ in the specific time-points at which PND is measured, the tool/s used to assess PND and/or perfectionism, and the sample of women used; consequently, extant results reflecting this association can be difficult to integrate and interpret. This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to clarify the association between PND and perfectionism by surveying literature on the relationship.

The role of the psychologist in the inpatient pain service: development and initial outcomes.

Aim: This article describes the development and initial evaluation of introducing a psychologist role within an adult inpatient pain service (IPS) in a large North West of England National Health Service (NHS) trust.

Background: The role of a psychologist in the management of outpatient chronic pain has been well documented, but their role within the IPS is less well described and rarely evaluated. We describe the development of a psychologist role within the team and initial service evaluation outcomes.

Retinal glial remodeling by FGF21 preserves retinal function during photoreceptor degeneration.

The group of retinal degenerations, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), comprises more than 150 genetic abnormalities affecting photoreceptors. Finding degenerative pathways common to all genetic abnormalities may allow general treatment such as neuroprotection. Neuroprotection may include enhancing the function of cells that directly support photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and Müller glia.

Antitumor activity via apoptotic cell death pathway of water soluble copper(II) complexes: effect of the diamino unit on selectivity against lung cancer NCI-H460 cell line.

The cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines (THP-1, U937, Molt-4, Colo-205 and NCI-H460) of three water soluble copper(II) coordination compounds containing the ligands 3,3'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))dipropanamide (BCEN), 3,3'-(piperazine-1,4-diyl)dipropanamide (BPAP) or 3,3'-and (1,4-diazepane-1,4-diyl)dipropanamide (BPAH) are reported in this work. The ligands contain different diamine units (ethylenediamine, piperazine or homopiperazine) and two propanamide units attached to the diamine centers, resulting in NO donor sets. The complex containing homopiperazine unit presented the best antiproliferative effect and selectivity against lung cancer cell line NCI-H460, showing inhibitory concentration (IC) of 58 μmol dm and Selectivity Index (SI) > 3.

Construction of a conceptual framework for assessment of health-related quality of life in calves with respiratory disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting beef and dairy calves worldwide, with implications for lifetime productivity, antimicrobial use and animal welfare. Our objective was to construct a conceptual framework for assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in calves with respiratory disease, based on indicators suitable for direct pen-side visual observation. Health-related quality of life measures aim to evaluate the subjective experience of the animal rather than any related pathology.

Water quality impact from shrimp farming effluents in a tropical estuary.

Shrimp farms cause environmental impacts in coastal ecosystems, compromising water quality by discharging effluents rich in nutrients and organic matter. The impacts of shrimp farming are often investigated by the unit effect of a farm. In this study, a harvest time series generator is used to analyze the impact of the synergistic effect of several shrimp farm harvests in a tropical estuary.

Enhancing the translation of health behaviour change research into practice: a selective conceptual review of the synergy between implementation science and health psychology.

Health psychology is at the forefront of developing and disseminating evidence, theories, and methods that have improved the understanding of health behaviour change. However, current dissemination approaches may be insufficient for promoting broader application and impact of this evidence to benefit the health of patients and the public. Nevertheless, behaviour change theory/methods typically directed towards health behaviours are now used in implementation science to understand and support behaviour change in individuals at different health system levels whose own behaviour impacts delivering evidence-based health behaviour change interventions.