Bone remodeling simulation using spatial influence function in macroscopic cube case.

Bone has the capability to adapt its density in response to mechanical stimuli through a process known as bone remodeling, which has been simulated using various algorithms in several studies, with Strain Energy Density (SED) being a commonly used driving parameter. A spatial influence function has been introduced in addition to the remodeling algorithm, which accounts for the influence of neighboring regions on local mechanical stimuli, thereby reducing artificial mesh dependency and mimicking cellular communication in bone. However, no study has implemented the SED-driven algorithm with spatial influence function on a macroscopic 3D bone structure, and there is no physiological explanation on the value used in remodeling parameter.

A one-year follow-up case series on gait analysis and patient-reported outcomes for persons with unilateral and bilateral transfemoral amputations undergoing direct skeletal fixation.

Background: Direct skeletal fixation, a surgical technique enabling the attachment of an external prosthesis directly to the bone through a percutaneous implant, offers an enticing solution for patients with lower limb amputations facing socket-related issues. However, understanding of its impact on musculoskeletal function remains limited.

Methods: This study compares pre- and 1-year post-osseointegration surgery outcomes, focusing on patient-reported measures and musculoskeletal system function during level-ground walking.

Incidence of cervical spine injury in victims of dismounted blast: a systematic review.

Introduction: Dismounted blast has the potential to cause life-threatening injuries to multiple simultaneous casualties, including injury to the cervical spine (c-spine). Spinal immobilisation can be costly in terms of time and personnel required to apply and sustain it. C-spine 'clearing' tools frequently do not apply to the blast-injured casualty, so clinical judgement must be used to determine those requiring c-spine immobilisation.

Antimicrobial-resistant central line-associated bloodstream infections in adult intensive care units: findings from an Australian surveillance network, 2011-2022.

Objective: We aimed to describe the incidence, pathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibility of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in adult intensive care units (ICU).

Design: State surveillance data from 2011 to 2022 were analyzed to identify patient and device days and CLABSI events. Pathogen data were analyzed to determine the most common organisms and patterns of antimicrobial resistance grouped into 3-year time epochs.

Listening to children with lower limb loss: Rationale, design, and protocol for delivery of a novel globally applicable research toolkit-Prosthetic user needs, quality of life, pain, and physical function.

Introduction: Rehabilitation after childhood lower limb loss is complex and dependent on multiple stakeholders and environmental factors. While research with adults underscores the importance of involving prosthetic limb users and caregivers in discussions to drive innovation, children are often excluded or not effectively engaged. This protocol lays out the development and implementation protocol for an internationally applicable research toolkit which has been designed and evaluated around the essential presence of the child.

Muscle recruitment during gait in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation due to trauma compared to able-bodied controls.

Individuals with transfemoral lower limb amputations walk with adapted gait. These kinetic and kinematic compensatory strategies will manifest as differences in muscle recruitment patterns. It is important to characterize these differences to understand the reduced endurance, reduced functionality, and progression of co-morbidities in this population.

The association between perceived social support and mental health in combat-injured and uninjured male UK (ex-)military personnel: A cross-sectional study.

Social support is a key determinant of mental health across multiple populations and contexts. Little is known about social support among UK (ex-)military personnel, especially those with combat injuries following deployment to Afghanistan. This study aimed to investigate the level of perceived social support and its associations with mental health among injured and uninjured UK (ex-)military personnel.

Developing an exercise intervention to minimise hip bone mineral density loss following traumatic lower limb amputation: a Delphi study.

Objective: To elicit expert opinion and gain consensus on specific exercise intervention parameters to minimise hip bone mineral density (BMD) loss following traumatic lower limb amputation.

Methods: In three Delphi rounds, statements were presented to a panel of 13 experts from six countries. Experts were identified through publications or clinical expertise.

Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of Linear and Nonlinear Measures of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Following Combat-Related Traumatic Injury.

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a marker of autonomic function. However, the reliability of short-term HRV measurement in individuals with combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) remains undetermined.

Methods: An intra- and inter-rater reliability study was conducted using a subsample (n = 35) of British servicemen with CRTI enrolled in the ongoing ADVANCE study.

A synoptic literature review of animal models for investigating the biomechanics of knee osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease largely driven by mechanical factors, causing significant health and economic burdens worldwide. Early detection is challenging, making animal models a key tool for studying its onset and mechanically-relevant pathogenesis. This review evaluate current use of preclinical models and progressive measurement techniques for analysing biomechanical factors in the specific context of the clinical OA phenotypes.

Association of serum biomarkers with radiographic knee osteoarthritis, knee pain and function in a young, male, trauma-exposed population - Findings from the ADVANCE study.

Objective: The ArmeD SerVices TrAuma RehabilitatioN OutComE (ADVANCE) study is investigating long-term combat-injury outcomes; this sub-study aims to understand the association of osteoarthritis (OA) biomarkers with knee radiographic OA (rOA), pain and function in this high-risk population for post-traumatic OA.

Design: ADVANCE compares combat-injured participants with age, rank, deployment and job-role frequency-matched uninjured participants. Post-injury immunoassay-measured serum biomarkers, knee radiographs, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scale, and six-minute walk tests are reported.

Paediatric Prosthetic Knee Design: The Technical Requirements of a Swing Phase Control Mechanism are Correlated with Parameters of Childhood Growth.

Objective: There is a lack of innovation in affordable prosthetic knee joints for children. One significant reason is the absence of technical requirements which consider the foundation of childhood: growth. This study aims to develop and use a modelling tool to determine the technical requirements throughout childhood growth for one prosthetic knee design feature, a swing phase control mechanism (SPCM).

Upper Limb Function in People With Upper and Lower Limb Loss 8 Years Postinjury: The Armed Services Trauma Outcome Study (ADVANCE) Cohort Study.

Objective: Upper limb (UL) disability in people with UL loss is well reported in the literature, less so for people with lower limb loss. This study aimed to compare UL disability in injured (major trauma) and uninjured UK military personnel, with particular focus on people with upper and lower limb loss.

Methods: A volunteer sample of injured (n = 579) and uninjured (n = 566) UK military personnel who served in a combat role in the Afghanistan war were frequency matched on age, sex, service, rank, regiment, role, and deployment period and recruited to the Armed Services Trauma Rehabilitation Outcome (ADVANCE) longitudinal cohort study.

Use and Outcomes of Dexamethasone in the Management of Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction.

Objective: To describe rates of dexamethasone use in the nonoperative management of malignant small bowel obstruction (mSBO) and their outcomes.

Background: mSBO is common in patients with advanced abdominal-pelvic cancers. Management includes prioritizing quality of life and avoiding surgical intervention when possible.

Exploratory analysis of spontaneous versus paced breathing on heart rate variability in veterans with combat-related traumatic injury.

Background: Respiration is a crucial determinant of autonomic balance and heart rate variability (HRV). The comparative effect of spontaneous versus paced breathing on HRV has been almost exclusively explored in healthy adults and never been investigated in an injured military cohort.

Objective: To examine the effect of spontaneous versus paced breathing on HRV in veterans with combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI).

Injuries in Fatalities of Dismounted Blast: Identification of Four Mechanisms of Head and Spine Injury.

Blast is the most common injury mechanism in conflicts of this century due to the widespread use of explosives, confirmed by recent conflicts such as in Ukraine. Data from conflicts in the last century such as Northern Ireland, the Falklands, and Vietnam up to the present day show that between 16% and 21% of personnel suffered a traumatic brain injury. Typical features of fatal brain injury to those outside of a vehicle (hereafter referred to as dismounted) due to blast include the presence of hemorrhagic brain injury alongside skull fractures rather than isolated penetrating injuries more typical of traditional ballistic head injuries.

The underlying mechanisms by which Post-Traumatic Growth is associated with cardiovascular health in male UK military personnel: The ADVANCE cohort study.

Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) is associated with good cardiovascular health, but the mechanisms of this are poorly understood. This cross-sectional analysis assessed whether factors of PTG (Appreciation of Life (AOL), New Possibilities (NP), Personal Strength (PS), Relating to Others (RTO) and Spiritual Change (SC)) are associated with cardiovascular health in a cohort of 1006 male UK military personnel (median age 34). The findings suggest AOL, PS and RTO are associated with better cardiovascular health through cardiometabolic effects (lower levels of triglycerides, and total cholesterol) and haemodynamic functioning (lower diastolic blood pressure), but not inflammation.

Pain after combat injury in male UK military personnel deployed to Afghanistan.

Background: Chronic pain after injury poses a serious health burden. As a result of advances in medical technology, ever more military personnel survive severe combat injuries, but long-term pain outcomes are unknown. We aimed to assess rates of pain in a representative sample of UK military personnel with and without combat injuries.