[Clinical significance of the pharmacokinetic interactions between drugs and phytopreparations].

In modern clinics, the pharmacotherapy is frequently accompanied by the administration of phytopreparations (by which are implied any preparations based on or containing plant materials). There are many data indicative of the possible pharmacokinetic interactions between drugs and phytopreparations. Among the most important issues is the ability of components of phytopreparations to induce or inhibit the isoenzymes of cytochrome P-450 and/or glycoprotein P.

[Safety of food supplements containing plant components].

For today the biologically active additives (BAA) extensively use by people as a source essential substances. However majoriry of people don't know, that BAA which contain vegetable components may induces various undiserable effects (UE). Review contain information about frequency of serious UE, first of all induced BAA, which contain medicinal plants.

[Food supplements and medicines of vegetative origin. Safety estimation and standardization].

The article describes the modern legislative and normative base of both Russian made and foreign made food supplements turnover. The main requirements to them. The reasons for banning the use of some particular ingredients in food supplements formula are substantiated.

[Interaction of biologically active additives, containing medicinal plants with drugs].

For today the biologically active additives (BAA) actively are included into clinical practice as means of "additional" therapy of a number of diseases and their consumption constantly grows. However, majority of the patients do not suspect about an opportunity of interaction between drugs and BAA, containing medicinal plants, and the treating doctors simply underestimate it. The interaction drugs with BAA, containing medicinal plants is investigated not enough.

[Polymer biodegradable peptide films. Preliminary results of use of thyroliberin films in substance abuse treatment and psychiatry].

The paper contains data on the new highly effective agent thyropol which is a film from biocompatible copolymers with the immobilized peptide agent thyroid-releasing hormone, which has pronounced antialcoholic and psychotropic activities.

[The characteristics of the interaction of the thyroliberin analog RGH 2202 and narcotic analgesics].

The effect of an thyroliberin analogue RGH 2202 on respiration inhibition induced by narcotic analgetics and on their antinociceptive action was studied in experiments on mice, rabbits and rats. RGH 2202 (10 mg/kg, intravenously) was found to exert no effect on the antinociceptive effect of morphine in mice and rabbits. Meanwhile, RGH 2202 in doses of 1 to 5 mg/kg intravenously abolished the respiration inhibition induced by fentanyl (0.

[Borderline mental disorders in workers in chemical industry plants].

A total of 550 workers at a chemical plant have been examined for symptoms of borderline neuromental disturbances. The ratio was as follows: 26.8%, normal subjects; 33.

[Effect of naloxone and thyroliberin on respiration in acute hypoxia].

Experiments on 48 adult rats anesthetized with urethane were made to study the effects of naloxone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on respiration after acute hemorrhage. The drugs were injected intravenously in doses 0.25-0.

[Role of the opioidergic system in regulating respiration].

Experiments on anesthetized rats were made to study the effects of naloxone, bradykinin and thyroliberin on respiration. Naloxone, bradykinin and thyroliberin were found to eliminate respiratory depression induced by morphine and an enkephalin analog. Bradykinin primarily increased the amplitude, while thyroliberin the rate of respiration.

[Pharmacology of thyroliberin].

The influence of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on locomotion, on the effects of analgetics, learning and memory, electrical activity of hypothalamic neurons, blood pressure, and cerebral circulation have been studied. TRH increases the spontaneous motility and potentiates the stimulating effect of amphetamine and apomorphine. It also antagonizes the decrease of motility induced by tetrabenazine in all these tests.

[Effect of prostaglandins, cyclic nucleotides and ions on the analgesic effect of enkephalin analogs].

The effect of intracellular modulators and ions on the analgetic action of the two tetrapeptide analogs, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2 and Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe (NO) NH2, was studied in rat experiments. The threshold of pain reaction to electrical stimulation of the tail, evidenced by vocalization, was measured. PGE1, PGE2, PGE2 alpha, cAMP, and dibutyryl cAMP were shown to diminish the effect of the above-mentioned enkephalin analogs.

[Morphine-like activity of the enkephalin analog Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2].

The analgetic activity of the tetrapeptide enkephalin analog, its influence on the interneuronal transmission of excitation in various areas of the central nervous system and on opiate receptors of vas deferens were studied. The tetrapeptide was found to have a marked analgetic effect during intravenous injection to mice but to be less active than morphine. The tetrapeptide as well as morphine inhibited the impulse summation in rabbits and both spontaneous and bradykinin-induced neuronal activity in the rat sensory motor cortex.

[Effect of morphine, beta-endorphin, and met-enkephalin on electrical activity of Helix pomatia snail neurons].

Application of morphine and methionine-enkephaline using microionophoretic technique (20-100 nA, 1-15 sec) or perfusion (10(-7)--10(-6) M) caused inhibition of the impulsation, which in some of the cases was accompanied by hyperpolarization of the membrane and the decrease in its resistance, as well as by the reduction of EPSP's. The increase in impulsation with membrane depolarization was less frequent. beta-Endorphine (10(-7)--10(-6) M) caused a substantially longer inhibition of the impulse activity than morphine or met-enkephaline.

[Bradykinin, morphine and naloxone interaction on the sensorimotor cortical neuron level].

In experiments on awake rabbits the effect of bradykinin, morphine and naloxone (applied by means of microiontophoresis) on sensomotor cortical neurons was studied. Bradykinin increased the discharge frequency in the majority of neurons. Morphine inhibited the neuronal activity.

[Effect of GABA-ergic substances on the analgesic effect of morphine in rats].

The effect of GABA-ergic compounds on morphine-induced analgesia was studied to reveal probable interaction of GABA and opiates. As an index for morphine effect the reaction of vocalization in response to electrical stimulation of the rat tail was used. It was shown that thiosemicarbazide, the inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and bicuculline, GABA-ergic receptor blocking agent, which were proposed to be joined in a group of GABA-negative compounds, reduce and shorten the effect of morphine.

[Bradykinin as a factor regulating synaptic inflow to the neurons in Helix pomata].

The action of bradykinin on spontaneous electric activity of Helix pomata neurones from the subfaringeal complex was studied by microionophoresis. Bradykinin not only facilitates the neuronal responses to synaptic activation, but also prolongs the activation-induced generation of the potential action. Bradykinin effects were observed only in experiments conducted in spring.

[Effect of bradykinin and morphine on rat sensomotor cortex neurons].

As revealed in acute experiments on rats bradykinin applied microiontophoretically produced neuronal activation in the sensory-motor region of the rat brain cortex. Morphine applied iontophoretically prevented bradykinin effect. It is suggested that bradykinin interacts with opiate receptors in the cortical neurones.

[Pharmacology of azidomorphine].

As revealed, in acute experiments on rabbits, cats, and rats, a new morphine-like synthetic analgesic drug azidomorphine exceeded 20--100-fold the morphine ability to inhibit synaptic transmission in the thalamic structures, cerebral cortex, and the spinal cord during the nociceptive stimulation, and also by its analgesic activity.