Input signal accumulation capability of the FitzHugh-Nagumo neuron.

We present numerical results on the effects of two presynaptic FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons on a postsynaptic neuron under unidirectional electrical coupling. The presynaptic neurons affect the postsynaptic neuron not simultaneously but with a certain time shift. We consider cases where the amplitudes of the presynaptic spikes can be both higher and lower than the excitation threshold level.

Classification of musical intervals by spiking neural networks: Perfect student in solfége classes.

We investigate a spike activity of a network of excitable FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons, which is under constant two-frequency auditory signals. The neurons are supplemented with linear frequency filters and nonlinear input signal converters. We show that it is possible to configure the network to recognize a specific frequency ratio (musical interval) by selecting the parameters of the neurons, input filters, and coupling between neurons.

Role of coupling delay in oscillatory activity in autonomous networks of excitable neurons with dissipation.

We study numerically effects of time delay in networks of delay-coupled excitable FitzHugh-Nagumo systems with dissipation. Generation of periodic self-sustained oscillations and its threshold are analyzed depending on the dissipation of a single neuron, the delay time, and random initial conditions. The peculiarities of spatiotemporal dynamics of time-delayed bidirectional ring-structured FitzHugh-Nagumo neuronal systems are investigated in cases of local and nonlocal coupling topology between the nodes, and a first-order nonequilibrium phase transition to synchrony is established.

Spiral and target wave chimeras in a 2D lattice of map-based neuron models.

We study the dynamics of a two-dimensional lattice of nonlocally coupled-map-based neuron models represented by Rulkov maps. It is firstly shown that this discrete-time neural network can exhibit spiral and target waves and corresponding chimera states when the control parameters (the coupling strength and the coupling radius) are varied. It is demonstrated that one-core, multicore, and ring-shaped core spiral chimeras can be realized in the network.

Synchronization of spiral wave patterns in two-layer 2D lattices of nonlocally coupled discrete oscillators.

The paper describes the effects of mutual and external synchronization of spiral wave structures in two coupled two-dimensional lattices of coupled discrete-time oscillators. Each lattice is given by a 2D N×N network of nonlocally coupled Nekorkin maps which model neuronal activity. We show numerically that spiral wave structures, including spiral wave chimeras, can be synchronized and establish the mechanism of the synchronization scenario.

New type of chimera and mutual synchronization of spatiotemporal structures in two coupled ensembles of nonlocally interacting chaotic maps.

We study numerically the dynamics of a network made of two coupled one-dimensional ensembles of discrete-time systems. The first ensemble is represented by a ring of nonlocally coupled Henon maps and the second one by a ring of nonlocally coupled Lozi maps. We find that the network of coupled ensembles can realize all the spatio-temporal structures which are observed both in the Henon map ensemble and in the Lozi map ensemble while uncoupled.

Role of routine imaging in detecting recurrent lymphoma: A review of 258 patients with relapsed aggressive non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma.

After first-line therapy, patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and aggressive non-HL are followed up closely for early signs of relapse. The current follow-up practice with frequent use of surveillance imaging is highly controversial and warrants a critical evaluation. Therefore, a retrospective multicenter study of relapsed HL and aggressive non-HL (nodal T-cell and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas) was conducted.

Impact of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography staging in newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma: fewer cases with stage I disease and more with skeletal involvement.

(18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (PET/CT) is a highly accurate staging method in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We retrospectively compared the staging results obtained in two large cohorts of patients with cHL diagnosed before (n = 324) and after (n = 406) the introduction of PET/CT staging in a retrospective study. In PET/CT staged patients, stage I disease was less frequent (16% vs.

Mycobacterium avium complex in day care hot water systems, and persistence of live cells and DNA in hot water pipes.

The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a group of opportunistic human pathogens that may thrive in engineered water systems. MAC has been shown to occur in drinking water supplies based on surface water, but less is known about the occurrence and persistence of live cells and DNA in public hot water systems based on groundwater. In this study, we examined the occurrence of MAC in hot water systems of public day care centers and determined the persistence of live and dead M.

Routine bone marrow biopsy has little or no therapeutic consequence for positron emission tomography/computed tomography-staged treatment-naive patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Purpose: To investigate whether bone marrow biopsy (BMB) adds useful information to [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) staging in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).

Patients And Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with HL undergoing a pretherapeutic staging that encompasses both PET/CT and BMB were included in this retrospective study. The pattern of skeletal FDG uptake was categorized as uni-, bi-, or multifocal (≥ three lesions).

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography surveillance in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma in first remission has a low positive predictive value and high costs.

Background: The value of performing post-therapy routine surveillance imaging in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma is controversial. This study evaluates the utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose for this purpose and in situations with suspected lymphoma relapse.

Design And Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study.

Multiparametric flow cytometry for identification and fluorescence activated cell sorting of five distinct B-cell subpopulations in normal tonsil tissue.

The purpose of this study was to establish a procedure capable of isolating distinct B-cell subpopulations from human tonsils as a basis for subsequent molecular analyses. Overall, 5 distinct B-cell subpopulations were purified from fresh tonsils based on their fluorescence surface marker expression: naive B cells, centroblasts, centrocytes, memory B cells, and plasmablasts. The immunophenotypic identity of the subpopulations was verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using the proliferation marker MKI-67 and 6 B-cell-associated differentiation markers (BACH2, BCL6, PAX5, IRF4, PRDM1, and XBP1).

Endotoxemia is associated with altered innate and adaptive immune responses in untreated HIV-1 infected individuals.

Background: Microbial translocation may contribute to the immunopathogenesis in HIV infection. We investigated if microbial translocation and inflammation were associated with innate and adaptive immune responses in adults with HIV.

Methodology/principal Findings: This was an observational cohort study.

Characterization and validation of a chemiluminescent assay based on a 1,2-dioxetane for rapid detection of enterococci in contaminated water and comparison with standard methods and qPCR.

Aims: To evaluate the potential for using a novel chemiluminescence-based enzyme assay for rapid detection of enterococci in water contaminated with faecal waste.

Methods And Results: The novel assay (EntLight) was based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of the chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane [(4-methoxy-4(3-β-d-glucoside-4-chlorophenyl)]spiro[1,2-dioxetane-3-1,3-tricyclo[7·3·1·0(2,7) ]tridec-2,7-ene] specific for β-d-glucosidase. The specificity of the proposed EntLight assay was characterized using 26 different Enterococcus strains and 10 bacterial genera other than Enterococcus.

Generation of a predictive melphalan resistance index by drug screen of B-cell cancer cell lines.

Background: Recent reports indicate that in vitro drug screens combined with gene expression profiles (GEP) of cancer cell lines may generate informative signatures predicting the clinical outcome of chemotherapy. In multiple myeloma (MM) a range of new drugs have been introduced and now challenge conventional therapy including high dose melphalan. Consequently, the generation of predictive signatures for response to melphalan may have a clinical impact.

R-CHOEP-14 improves overall survival in young high-risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma compared with R-CHOP-14. A population-based investigation from the Danish Lymphoma Group.

Background: Optimal treatment of young patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains a matter of debate and requires improvement. The combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) with addition of etoposide (CHOEP) has in other patient groups been shown to be effective. Further improvement has been accomplished with the use of rituximab in combination with the regimens every 2 weeks (R-CHOP-14, R-CHOEP-14).

Efficacy of routine surveillance with positron emission tomography/computed tomography in aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma in complete remission: status in a single center.

Post-therapy surveillance imaging in patients with lymphoma remains controversial. We report our experience with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) surveillance in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma in first complete remission (CR). The 138 PET/CTs performed in 52 patients revealed four unsuspected relapses.

[Good's syndrome with lymphopenia and neutropenia].

Good's syndrome (GS) is a rare immunodeficiency complicating thymoma and characterized by absence of B-cells, hypogammaglobulinaemia and a reduced CD4 T-cell level. Autoimmune neutropenia coexisting with GS is very unusual and carries a poor prognosis due to severe immunodeficiency. We report a case of a thymoma patient with GS and autoimmune neutropenia.

State of the art molecular markers for fecal pollution source tracking in water.

Most environmental waters are susceptible to fecal contamination from animal and/or human pollution sources. To attenuate or eliminate such contamination, it is often critical that the pollution sources are rapidly and correctly identified. Fecal pollution source tracking (FST) is a promising research area that aims to identify the origin(s) of fecal pollution in water.

Application of mussels as biosamplers for characterization of faecal pollution in coastal recreational waters.

Sources of faecal pollution in coastal recreational waters may be identified by analysing different host associated microorganisms or molecular markers. However, the microbial targets are often present at low numbers in moderately impacted waters, and often exhibit significant temporal and spatial variability in waters with fluctuating faecal loads. This patchy occurrence can limit successful detection of relevant targets in microbial source tracking studies.

[Use of translational database at clinical department].

In haematology it is assumed that integrative analysis of global gene expression, protein and cell profiles as well as clinical data will lead to the development of new diagnostic, prognostic and predictive methods. A translational database system registering and combining all data and clinical observations about the patient is therefore needed. It is expected that along with automated prediction and prognosis tools, such a database system may have the potential to assist the development of new machine-based diagnostic decision-making processes.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in persons with HIV: the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: Vaccination responses may be affected by concomitant use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aimed to determine HAART's impact on seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate (7vPnC) vaccine immunization with or without a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist adjuvant.

Design: Observational cohort study.

Improving the immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected adults with a toll-like receptor 9 agonist adjuvant: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are often hyporesponsive to immunization, including pneumococcal vaccines. We hypothesized that adding CPG 7909, a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist and vaccine adjuvant, to 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPnC) would increase its immunogenicity in HIV-infected adults.

Methods: We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b/2a trial randomizing HIV-positive patients to receive double doses of 7vPnC (Prevnar) at 0 and 3 months and 1 dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23; Pneumo Novum) at 9 months, with experimental patients receiving 1 mg of CPG 7909 added to each of their 3 vaccine doses; control patients had phosphate-buffered saline added instead.

[The clinical research unit].

The organization and infrastructure of clinical research in Denmark is currently in focus due to an ongoing review of Clinical Science performed by the National Ministry of Health. This review describes the background and philosophy for the integration of clinical research into practice and vice versa. This process is catalyzed by activities within the clinical research unit and the foundation is the clinical databases and biobanks.