Background: Emphysematous cystitis (EC) and emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) are rare urinary tract infections. They have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations; ranging from asymptomatic to septic shock at presentation. In children, EC and EPN are rare complications of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIonic iron causes damages at the cellular level by forming free radicals. Reactive oxygen species lead to the formation of oxidative base damages in DNA. Among these forms the most common one and the one which has the best known mutagenity is 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).
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