Evaluation of nosocomial infections and risk factors in critically ill patients.

Background: Nosocomial infections are one of the most serious complications in intensive care unit patients because they lead to high morbidity, mortality, length of stay and cost. The aim of this study was to determine the nosocomial infections, risk factors, pathogens and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of them in intensive care unit of a university hospital.

Material/methods: The patients were observed prospectively by the unit-directed active surveillance method based on patient and the laboratory.

Effects of intravenous small dose ketamine and midazolam on postoperative pain following knee arthroscopy.

Background: The aim of this randomized, double blind, controlled study was to assess the effect of intravenous coadministration of small dose midazolam with ketamine on postoperative pain and spinal block level.

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomized into three groups: Group I (saline control); group II (ketamine 0.15 mg/kg i.