Repair of Rat Calvarial Bone Defect by Using Exosomes of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Embedded in Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds.

Purpose: To seek out the bone regeneration effect of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived exosomes of loaded chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HA) scaffold in a rat calvarium bone regeneration model.

Materials And Methods: The hUC-MSC exosomes were purified and characterized. The scaffolds were prepared by a freeze-drying method.