DS86760016, a Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor, Is Active against Mycobacterium abscessus.

Benzoxaboroles are a new class of leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors. Epetraborole, a benzoxaborole, is a clinical candidate developed for Gram-negative infections and has been confirmed to exhibit favorable activity against a well known pulmonary pathogen, Mycobacterium abscessus. However, according to ClinicalTrials.

Urinary catecholamine excretion, cardiovascular variability, and outcomes in tetanus.

Severe tetanus is characterized by muscle spasm and cardiovascular system disturbance. The pathophysiology of muscle spasm is relatively well understood and involves inhibition of central inhibitory synapses by tetanus toxin. That of cardiovascular disturbance is less clear, but is believed to relate to disinhibition of the autonomic nervous system.

Synergistic Effect of Q203 Combined with PBTZ169 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Q203 is a first-in-class drug candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In its recently completed phase 2 clinical trial, Q203 reduced the number of live M. tuberculosis cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Ohmyungsamycin promotes M1-like inflammatory responses to enhance host defence against infections.

Ohmyungsamycin A (OMS) is a newly identified cyclic peptide that exerts antimicrobial effects against . However, its role in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) infections has not been clarified. (Mabc) is a rapidly growing NTM that has emerged as a human pathogen in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals.

Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria Carriage in Healthcare Workers Working in an Intensive Care Unit.

Little is known about antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) intestinal carriage among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Vietnam. All HCWs at a tertiary intensive care units were asked to undertake weekly rectal swabs. Among 40 participants, 65% (26/40) carried extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)/AmpC β-lactamase-producing .

A Screening of the MMV Pandemic Response Box Reveals Epetraborole as a New Potent Inhibitor against .

is the one of the most feared bacterial respiratory pathogens in the world. Unfortunately, there are many problems with the current therapies available. These problems include misdiagnoses, high drug resistance, poor long-term treatment outcomes, and high costs.

Etamycin as a Novel Inhibitor.

The increase in drug-resistant , which has become resistant to existing standard-of-care agents, is a major concern, and new antibacterial agents are strongly needed. In this study, we introduced etamycin that showed an excellent activity against . We found that etamycin significantly inhibited the growth of wild-type strain, three subspecies, and clinical isolates in vitro and inhibited the growth of that resides in macrophages without cytotoxicity.

Sirtuin 3 is essential for host defense against infection through regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis.

The global incidence of (Mabc), a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial strain that causes treatment-refractory pulmonary diseases, is increasing. Despite this, the host factors that allow for protection against infection are largely unknown. In this study, we found that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial protein deacetylase, plays a critical role in host defense against Mabc infection.

Rifamycin O, An Alternative Anti- Agent.

is the most difficult-to-treat nontuberculous mycobacteria because of its resistance to many antibiotics. In this study, we screened the Korea Chemical Bank library for a bioluminescent reporter assay to identify molecules capable of acting against On application of the assay, rifamycin O showed excellent in vitro activity with a narrow range of the minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 90% of the bacterium (MIC = 4.0-6.

The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α- Agonist Gemfibrozil Promotes Defense Against Infections.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) shows promising potential to enhance host defenses against infection. Herein we evaluated the protective effect of PPARα against nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections. Using a rapidly growing NTM species, (Mabc), we found that the intracellular bacterial load and histopathological damage were increased in PPARα-null mice in vivo.

Thiostrepton: A Novel Therapeutic Drug Candidate for Infection.

is a rapid-growing, multidrug-resistant, non-tuberculous mycobacterial species responsible for a variety of human infections, such as cutaneous and pulmonary infections. infections are very difficult to eradicate due to the natural and acquired multidrug resistance profiles of . Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of effective drugs or regimens against infections.

Adjunctive dexamethasone for the treatment of HIV-uninfected adults with tuberculous meningitis stratified by Leukotriene A4 hydrolase genotype (LAST ACT): Study protocol for a randomised double blind placebo controlled non-inferiority trial.

Tuberculosis kills more people than any other bacterial infection worldwide. In tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a common functional promoter variant (C/T transition) in the gene encoding leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), predicts pre-treatment inflammatory phenotype and response to dexamethasone in HIV-uninfected individuals. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether LTA4H genotype determines benefit or harm from adjunctive dexamethasone in HIV-uninfected Vietnamese adults with TBM.