Synthesis of N-Hydroxycytidine and Dimethyl Dioxol Impurities, Method Development and Validation for Their Simultaneous Analysis in Molnupiravir.

WHO declared the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus as a global pandemic (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)) in March 2020. Molnupiravir (MPV) is an oral antiviral drug that received use authorization for mild to moderate COVID-19 treatment in adults. However, the global and national drug testing and research of MPV is still difficult due to lack of standards and validated procedures.

(Rodentia, Platacanthomyidae): new species of the genus from northern Vietnam with notes on conservation status and distribution.

Background: The paper presents novel findings of little-known species of rodents, the blind tree mice in Son La Province, Vietnam, with the first morphological and genetic characterisation and taxonomical description of the new species, . The study also summarises all the data available on this genus species distribution, museum collections and notes on its taxonomy, which are important to establish the proper conservation status of the species. An exhaustive map of the findings is provided, along with a refined taxonomic key for all six currently morphologically characterised species of the genus.

Understanding Acceptability and Willingness-to-pay for a C-reactive Protein Point-of-care Testing Service to Improve Antibiotic Dispensing for Respiratory Infections in Vietnamese Pharmacies: A Mixed-methods Study.

Background: Pharmacies are popular first points of contact for mild infections in the community. Pharmacy services in many countries have expanded to include vaccines and point-of-care tests. In low- and middle-income countries such as Vietnam, poor enforcement of regulations results in substantial volumes of over-the-counter antibiotic sales.

New data on the distribution and diversity of the Tonkin limestone rat (, Rodentia, Muridae).

The paper presented novel findings of little-known species of rodents the Tonkin limestone rat in Cao Bang Province, Vietnam with its morphological and genetic characterisation. The study summarises data on the distribution of this data-deficient species, available museum collections, genetic samples, information on its taxonomy and ecology, important to establish the proper conservation status of the species. An exhaustive map of the findings is provided.

Electronic and magnetic properties of GeS monolayer effected by point defects and doping.

In this work, defect engineering and doping are proposed to effectively functionalize a germanium sulfide (GeS) mononolayer. With a buckled hexagonal structure, the good dynamical and thermal stability of the GeS monolayer is confirmed. PBE(HSE06)-based calculations assert the indirect gap semiconductor nature of this two-dimensional (2D) material with a relatively large band gap of 2.

Sticking Detection by Repeated Compactions on a Single Tablet.

"Sticking" during tablet manufacture is the term used to describe the accumulation of adhered tablet material on the punch over the course of several compaction cycles. The occurrence of sticking can affect tablet weight, image, and structural integrity and halt manufacturing operations. The earlier the risk of sticking is detected during R&D, the more options are available for mitigation and the less potential there is for significant delays and costs.

The first epidemiology of urolithiasis in Northern Vietnam: Urinary stone composition, age, gender, season, and clinical features study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the compositions of urinary stones and investigate their distributions in different ages, genders, seasons, and clinical features of Northern Vietnamese patients.

Methods: A total of 231 patients with urinary stones from Northern Vietnam were collected and analyzed composition from 1/2021-12/2022. For all patients, age, sex, stone location, stone side, urine pH, and hospitalized date (month) were collected.

A Bridge too Far? Comparison of Transition Metal Complexes of Dibenzyltetraazamacrocycles with and without Ethylene Cross-Bridges: X-ray Crystal Structures, Kinetic Stability, and Electronic Properties.

Tetraazamacrocycles, cyclic molecules with four nitrogen atoms, have long been known to produce highly stable transition metal complexes. Cross-bridging such molecules with two-carbon chains has been shown to enhance the stability of these complexes even further. This provides enough stability to use the resulting compounds in applications as diverse and demanding as aqueous, green oxidation catalysis all the way to drug molecules injected into humans.

The protein escape process at the ribosomal exit tunnel has conserved mechanisms across the domains of life.

The ribosomal exit tunnel is the primary structure affecting the release of nascent proteins at the ribosome. The ribosomal exit tunnels from different species have elements of conservation and differentiation in structural and physico-chemical properties. In this study, by simulating the elongation and escape processes of nascent proteins at the ribosomal exit tunnels of four different organisms, we show that the escape process has conserved mechanisms across the domains of life.

Challenges and Lessons Learned in the Development of a Participatory Learning and Action Intervention to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance: Experiences From Northern Vietnam.

Antibiotic use in the community for humans and animals is high in Vietnam, driven by easy access to over-the counter medicines and poor understanding of the role of antibiotics. This has contributed to antibiotic resistance levels that are amongst the highest in the world. To address this problem, we developed a participatory learning and action (PLA) intervention.

Early reactivation of clustered genes on the inactive X chromosome during somatic cell reprogramming.

Reprogramming of murine female somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is accompanied by X chromosome reactivation (XCR), by which the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in female somatic cells becomes reactivated. However, how Xi initiates reactivation during reprogramming remains poorly defined. Here, we used a Sendai virus-based reprogramming system to generate partially reprogrammed iPSCs that appear to be undergoing the initial phase of XCR.

Hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions modulate protein escape at the ribosomal exit tunnel.

After translation, nascent proteins must escape the ribosomal exit tunnel to attain complete folding to their native states. This escape process also frees up the ribosome tunnel for a new translation job. In this study, we investigate the impacts of energetic interactions between the ribosomal exit tunnel and nascent proteins on the protein escape process by molecular dynamics simulations using partially coarse-grained models that incorporate hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions of the ribosome tunnel of Haloarcula marismortui with nascent proteins.

Dual Toning Method with the Combination of Picosecond and Microsecond Nd:YAG in Refractory Melasma Unresponsive to Picosecond Alone.

Background: Melasma is an acquired and treatment-resistant aging facial skin condition prevalent among the older Asian females. The Q-switched toning laser is the most widely used for the treatment of moderate to severe melasma in Asia. Recently, the picosecond laser has been introduced for various pigmentary disorders such as melasma.

Overweight and obesity among Vietnamese school-aged children: National prevalence estimates based on the World Health Organization and International Obesity Task Force definition.

Background: Overweight and obesity is a severe global health issue in both developed and developing nations. This study aims to estimate the national prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in Vietnam.

Method: We conducted a national cross-sectional study on 2788 children aged from 11-14 years old from September to November 2018.

MST2 silencing induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth for estrogen receptor alpha-positive MCF-7 breast cancer.

Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2) plays an important role in cell growth and apoptosis and functions as a tumor suppressor. Previously, we showed that MST2 overexpression activates Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in the absence of a ligand. Here, we examined the role of MST2 in the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells.

Protein escape at the ribosomal exit tunnel: Effect of the tunnel shape.

We study the post-translational escape of nascent proteins at the ribosomal exit tunnel with the consideration of a real shape atomistic tunnel based on the Protein Data Bank structure of the large ribosome subunit of archeon Haloarcula marismortui. Molecular dynamics simulations employing the Go-like model for the proteins show that at intermediate and high temperatures, including a presumable physiological temperature, the protein escape process at the atomistic tunnel is quantitatively similar to that at a cylinder tunnel of length L = 72 Å and diameter d = 16 Å. At low temperatures, the atomistic tunnel, however, yields an increased probability of protein trapping inside the tunnel, while the cylinder tunnel does not cause the trapping.

Contamination status and temporal trends of persistent toxic substances in sediment cores from coastal areas of central Vietnam.

Residue concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in sediment core samples from two estuary areas of central Vietnam to elucidate recent status and temporal trends of pollution based on the depth profiles. Concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs, and endosulfan compounds were generally higher than those of the remaining OCPs. Peak concentrations of OCPs were found in the sediment layers corresponding to the late 1950s to the early 1980s, implying the intensive application of these insecticides in Vietnam during such periods.

Blueprinting Photothermal Shape-Morphing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers.

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are an attractive platform for dynamic shape-morphing due to their ability to rapidly undergo large deformations. While recent work has focused on patterning the director orientation field to achieve desired target shapes, this strategy cannot be generalized to material systems where high-resolution surface alignment is impractical. Instead of programming the local orientation of anisotropic deformation, an alternative strategy for prescribed shape-morphing by programming the magnitude of stretch ratio in a thin LCE sheet with constant director orientation is developed here.

Claudins of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) - organ-specific expression and transcriptional responses to water of varying ion content.

The role of lamprey epithelium tight junctions (TJs) in the regulation of salt and water balance is poorly understood. This study reported on claudin (Cldn) TJ protein transcripts of pre-metamorphic larval and post-metamorphic juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and the transcriptional response of genes encoding Cldns to changed environmental ion levels. Transcripts encoding Cldn-3b, -4, -5, -10, -14, -18 and -19 were identified, and mRNA expression profiles revealed the organ-specific presence of cldn-5 and -14, broad expression of cldn-3b, -4, -10, -18 and -19 and spatial differences in the mRNA abundance of cldn-4, -3b and -14 along the ammocoete intestine.

Template Activating Factor-I α Regulates Retroviral Silencing during Reprogramming.

Reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is accompanied by dramatic changes in epigenetic programs, including silencing of endogenous and exogenous retroviruses. Here, we utilized replication-defective and persistent Sendai virus (SeVdp)-based vectors to monitor retroviral silencing during reprogramming. We observed that retroviral silencing occurred at an early reprogramming stage without a requirement for KLF4 or the YY1-binding site in the retroviral genome.

Immunogenicity of the AIK-C measles vaccine in infants aged <9 months in Vietnam.

Measles-associated deaths have been reported in infants <9 months during outbreaks. A cohort study was conducted on 210 infants aged 6-8 months to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the AIK-C measles vaccine containing 10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/0.5 mL produced in Vietnam.

Preemptive ECMO Cannulation in a Patient with Severe Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Undergoing Cesarean Delivery.

Obstetric patients with heart failure undergoing cesarean delivery are high risk and the perioperative care of these patients poses significant multidisciplinary challenges. In contrast to the nonobstetric patient population the potential role of mechanical circulatory support in parturients with heart failure is not well established and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has rarely been reported. We report the case of a super morbidly obese patient with decompensated heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and superimposed preeclampsia undergoing preemptive ECMO cannulation for urgent cesarean delivery.

The Preparation and Characterization of Expanded Graphite via Microwave Irradiation and Conventional Heating for the Purification of Oil Contaminated Water.

Recently, the graphite based materials have gained interest as excellent platforms to remove aqueous pollutants via adsorption routes. This is given that such materials possess large specific surface area and low density. In the present work, a comparative study of two facile and effective approaches is conventional thermal heating and microwave irradiation methods to fabricate expanded graphite from available flake graphite sources of Vietnam for oil-contaminated water purification.

Live cell imaging of X chromosome reactivation during somatic cell reprogramming.

Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with naive pluripotency is important for their applications in regenerative medicine. In female iPSCs, acquisition of naive pluripotency is coupled to X chromosome reactivation (XCR) during somatic cell reprogramming, and live cell monitoring of XCR is potentially useful for analyzing how iPSCs acquire naive pluripotency. Here we generated female mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that carry the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and humanized Kusabira-Orange (hKO) genes inserted into an intergenic site near either the or gene on both X chromosomes.