Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids determine stem cell characteristics of gastric chief cells.

The gastric mucosa is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes constant self-renewal through stem cell differentiation. Chief cells maintain a quiescent state in homeostasis but are responsible for regeneration after injury. Although the role of microbiome-host interactions in the intestine is well studied, less is known about these interactions in the stomach.

Regenerative Role of Lrig1+ Cells in Kidney Repair.

Key Points: cells exist long term during kidney homeostasis and become activated upon injury, contributing to regeneration. cells and their progeny emerge during tubulogenesis and contribute to proximal tubule and inner medullary collecting duct development. cells expand and differentiate into a mature nephron lineage in response to AKI to repair the proximal tubule.

Corrigendum: Role of histamine-mediated macrophage differentiation in clearance of metastatic bacterial infection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.

Role of histamine-mediated macrophage differentiation in clearance of metastatic bacterial infection.

Macrophages are highly heterogeneous immune cells with a role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, especially in activating the defense response to bacterial infection. Using flow cytometric and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses of peritoneal cells, we here show that small peritoneal macrophage and immature macrophage populations are enriched in histamine-deficient ( ) mice, characterized by a CD11bF4/80CCR2MHCII and CD11bF4/80THBS1IL-1α phenotype, respectively. Molecular characterization revealed that immature macrophages represent an abnormally differentiated form of large peritoneal macrophages with strong inflammatory properties.

Histamine Signaling Is Essential for Tissue Macrophage Differentiation and Suppression of Bacterial Overgrowth in the Stomach.

Background & Aims: Histamine in the stomach traditionally is considered to regulate acid secretion but also has been reported to participate in macrophage differentiation, which plays an important role in tissue homeostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the precise role of histamine in mediating macrophage differentiation and in maintaining stomach homeostasis.

Methods: Here, we expand on this role using histidine decarboxylase knockout (Hdc) mice with hypertrophic gastropathy.

Establishment of particulate matter-induced lung injury model in mouse.

Background: Particulate matter (PM) is one of the principal causes of human respiratory disabilities resulting from air pollution. Animal models have been applied to discover preventive and therapeutic drugs for lung diseases caused by PM. However, the induced severity of lung injury in animal models using PM varies from study to study due to disparities in the preparation of PM, and the route and number of PM administrations.

WFDC2 Promotes Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia Through the Up-Regulation of IL33 in Response to Injury.

Background & Aims: WAP 4-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2), also known as human epididymis protein 4, is a small secretory protein that is highly expressed in fibrosis and human cancers, particularly in the ovaries, lungs, and stomach. However, the role of WFDC2 in carcinogenesis is not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role of WFDC2 in gastric carcinogenesis with the use of preneoplastic metaplasia models.

Loss of Rab25 promotes the development of skin squamous cell carcinoma through the dysregulation of integrin trafficking.

Rab25 can function as both a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter across different tissues. This study sought to clarify the role of Rab25 as a tumor suppressor in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Rab25 loss was closely associated with neoplastic transition in both humans and mice.

Inactivation of Sirtuin2 protects mice from acetaminophen-induced liver injury: possible involvement of ER stress and S6K1 activation.

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause hepatotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial damage and subsequent necrosis in hepatocytes. Sirtuin2 (Sirt2) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that regulates several biological processes, including hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as inflammatory pathways. We show that APAP decreases the expression of Sirt2.

Facile Supramolecular Approach to Nucleic-Acid-Driven Activatable Nanotheranostics That Overcome Drawbacks of Photodynamic Therapy.

Supramolecular chemistry provides a "bottom-up" method to fabricate nanostructures for biomedical applications. Herein, we report a facile strategy to directly assemble a phthalocyanine photosensitizer (PcS) with an anticancer drug mitoxantrone (MA) to form uniform nanostructures (PcS-MA), which not only display nanoscale optical properties but also have the capability of undergoing nucleic-acid-responsive disassembly. These supramolecular assemblies possess activatable fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen generation associated with the formation of free PcS, mild photothermal heating, and a concomitant chemotherapeutic effect associated with the formation of free MA.

Low-Dose Bisphenol A Increases Bile Duct Proliferation in Juvenile Rats: A Possible Evidence for Risk of Liver Cancer in the Exposed Population?

Increasing concern is being given to the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose bisphenol A (BPA), especially in young-aged population. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated oral treatment of low to high dose BPA in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats. Exposing juvenile rats to BPA (0, 0.

Evaluation of ocular irritancy of coal-tar dyes used in cosmetics employing reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium and short time exposure tests.

Coal-tar dyes in cosmetics may elicit adverse effects in the skin and eyes. Countries, like the US, have banned the use of coal-tar dyes in cosmetics for the eye area due to the potential for ocular irritation. We evaluated the eye irritation potential of 15 coal-tar dyes permitted as cosmetic ingredients in reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium (RhCEs [EpiOcular™ and MCTT HCE™]) tests and the short time exposure (STE) test.

Effects of Forest Therapy on Depressive Symptoms among Adults: A Systematic Review.

This study systematically reviewed forest therapy programs designed to decrease the level of depression among adults and assessed the methodological rigor and scientific evidence quality of existing research studies to guide future studies. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The authors independently screened full-text articles from various databases using the following criteria: (1) intervention studies assessing the effects of forest therapy on depressive symptoms in adults aged 18 years and older; (2) studies including at least one control group or condition; (3) peer-reviewed studies; and (4) been published either in English or Korean before July 2016.

The effect of on-line hemodiafiltration on heart rate variability in end-stage renal disease.

Background: The autonomic nervous system plays a central role in the maintenance of hemodynamic stability. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction may result in serious complications, such as sudden cardiac death. Heart rate variability (HRV) is significantly reduced in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD).

Unusual Presentation Chronic Pulmonary Embolism due to Calcified Right Ventricular Mass.

Cardiac calcified amorphous tumors (CATs) can arise in all four chambers of the heart. Cardiac CATs can cause diverse symptoms according to their locations, and mass or embolic effects. Pulmonary emboli arising from cardiac CATs have been reported, but the true incidence is unknown due to their rarity.