Cytopathology Practice in Nigeria.

Cytopathology is a cost-effective diagnostic method crucial for investigating suspected neoplastic lesions, particularly in Nigeria's healthcare system, where non-communicable diseases, especially with increasing rates of cancer. This review highlights the evolution of cytopathology practice in Nigeria, detailing its historical development, current methodologies, and the challenges faced within the healthcare framework. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques such as immunocytochemistry and molecular diagnostics globally, conventional methods remain essential due to their affordability and accessibility.

Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neurofibromas in a North-Western Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study.

Background: Neurofibromas are the most common benign nerve sheath tumours occurring as solitary sporadic tumours or multiple Syndromic tumours associated with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1). In Nigeria and West Africa, there is a paucity of literature and studies on neurofibromas. This study aims to analyse the histopathologic and immunohistochemical patterns of neurofibromas and determine the frequency, demographic and anatomic distributions.

Histopathologic Characteristics of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome in a Tertiary Health Facility in Nigeria.

Background: Globally, the predominant histopathologic characteristic of childhood nephrotic syndrome has been minimal change nephropathy (MCN). However, some studies from Africa and Nigeria have revealed otherwise. It is imperative that this pattern is re-examined from time to time given changing disease and environmental dynamics from place to place.

SARS-CoV-2 variants-associated outbreaks of COVID-19 in a tertiary institution, North-Central Nigeria: Implications for epidemic control.

The COVID-19 global pandemic is being driven by evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants with consequential implications on virus transmissibility, host immunity, and disease severity. Continuous molecular and genomic surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 variants is therefore necessary for public health interventions toward the management of the pandemic. This study is a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 cases reported in a Nigerian tertiary institution from July to December 2021.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and risk factors in North-Central Nigeria: a population-based survey.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing challenge in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. There is insufficient population-based data on CKD in Nigeria that is required to estimate its true burden, and to design prevention and management strategies. The study aims to determine the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in Nigeria.

Toxicity assessment of sub-acute and sub-chronic oral administration and diuretic potential of aqueous extract of calyces.

Background: Food and herbal usage of (HS) is attaining improved global relevance and acceptance without recourse to its potential toxic effects. This study investigated the safety profile of acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic administrations and diuretic potential of aqueous extract of calyces (AEHSC).

Method: Acute oral toxicity, sub-acute and sub-chronic toxicity as well as diuretic studies were carried out on HS.

Comparative effects of glibenclamide, metformin and insulin on fetal pancreatic histology and maternal blood glucose in pregnant streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background: Oral hypoglycemic agents use during pregnancy was assumed to cause fetal macrosomia and skeletal deformities, and maternal complications due to significant transfer across placenta or ineffective control of blood glucose.

Objective: This study investigated effects of insulin, metformin and glibenclamide on maternal blood glucose; and fetal crown-rump length, gross malformation and pancreatic histology in pregnant streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Twenty-five pregnant rats of groups 1 to 5 as normal and diabetic controls; and diabetic treated with insulin, metformin and glibenclamide were used.

Students' perceptions of their learning environment at the College of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Southwest, Nigeria.

Background: Quality of medical school graduates is influenced by cumulative effect of their learning environment. Measurement of such environment at the University of Ilorin, Nigeria was done by evaluating Students' perception using the DREEM questionnaires, with a view to improving the quality of medical education.

Methods: DREEM questionnaire was applied to second, third, fourth and fifth year medical students, for assessment of the various aspects of effective educational environment.

Positive interferon-γ release assay leading to a diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pericarditis in pregnancy.

Background: Tuberculosis during pregnancy is associated with increased complications. The wide range of presentations among patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis can make diagnosis and treatment difficult.

Case: We present the case of a patient with Mycobacterium tuberculosis pericarditis presenting in pregnancy with recurrent pericardial effusions.

Clinico-pathological pattern of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an uncommon tumour in Nigeria but the burden of the disease in terms of morbidity and mortality is very high.

Aim: The aim of the study was to document the clinic-pathological characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Ilorin, North central Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective review of all patients seen in ENT department, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital with the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma between January 1 st 1999 and December 31st,2008.

Ureteric schistosomiasis with obstructive uropathy.

A 25-year-old male Nigerian undergraduate who had earlier been treated with praziquantel for schistosomal epidydymitis presented with clinical features of pyelonephritis, and radiological appearances of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with fibrosis of lower ureters. Surgical resection of the ureters, Boari flap and Psoas hitch reconstruction were done. The histology of the resected ureters proved schistosomiasis.

Differential in vitro activity of anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin against Candida parapsilosis isolates recovered from a burn unit.

Recent studies suggest that differences in antifungal activity among echinocandins may exist. In this study, the activities of three echinocandins (anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin) against Candida parapsilosis isolates from burn unit patients, healthcare workers and the hospital environment were determined. Additionally, the effect of these echinocandins on the cell morphology of caspofungin-susceptible and caspofungin-non-susceptible isolates was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Pattern of rhabdomyosarcoma in Nigerian children.

Background: Soft-tissue sarcomas are uncommon tumors that are infrequently seen in most surgical practices. They represent 6.5% of all cancers in children < 15 years of age and are the fifth leading cause of cancer death in that age group.

Conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-positive heterosexual Nigerian woman--a case report.

Background: Neoplastic conditions are increasingly been encountered in HIV/AIDS patients. Till date only two cases of conjunctiva Kaposi sarcoma (KS) have been reported in the background of HIV and both in males.

Objective: To present a 27-year-old African woman with histologically proven conjunctival KS and marked CD4+ cell depletion and to reinforce the fact that KS is an important differential of conjunctival tumour especially in the background of immunosupression in Africa.

Postpartum morbidity associated with advanced HIV disease.

Objective: To investigate the postpartum morbidity and postpartum management of febrile morbidity associated with advanced HIV infection.

Methods: A case control study of HIV infected women at a tertiary care center during January 2000-June 2005 was performed. Postpartum morbidity was defined as endometritis, blood transfusion, wound complication, readmission, infectious morbidity, or unexpected surgery.

Malignant skin tumor in Blacks: experience in a teaching hospital.

Background: Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is said to be the most common human skin malignancy. Its common presentation is in a Caucasian male older than 60 years, and patients could present with multiple co-existing tumors.

Methods: We retrospectively review 146 patients treated for skin tumors in our tertiary hospital from January 1979 to December 2002.

Soft-tissue sarcoma in black Africans: pattern, distribution and management dilemma.

Background: Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors that arise predominantly from the embryonic mesoderm. Currently, >70 different histologic types of STS have been identified. There is no identifiable etiology in most cases of STS even though a variety of predisposing or associated factors have been identified.

Clinico-pathological patterns of squamous cell carcinoma in Nigeria.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer and frequently arises in the sun-exposed skin of middle-aged and elderly individuals. We retrospectively reviewed 443 patients managed for SCC (cutaneous and non-cutaneous) in our hospital from January 1979 to December 2002. The age distribution showed peak incidence between fourth and sixth decades of life.

Surgical lymph node biopsies in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: To determine the diagnostic value of lymph-node biopsy, commonest causes of lymph node enlargement requiring biopsy and the usual nodes involved.

Methods: A retrospective study of 169 lymph node biopsies representing 97% of lymph node biopsies and 3.2% of total biopsies specimen received at Pathology Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Ilorin, Nigeria over a 5 year period was undertaken.

Characteristics associated with suboptimal viral suppression at delivery in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected pregnant women.

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine clinical characteristics and factors associated with suboptimal viral suppression at delivery in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women.

Study Design: All HIV-infected women who delivered at a single urban tertiary care center from January 1999 to June 2004 were studied. Women were divided into 2 groups based on HIV viral load (VL) proximate to delivery: VL < 1000 copies per milliliter and VL > or = 1000 copies per milliliter.

Cancer of the cervix in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to review our experience with carcinoma of the cervix in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Method: From 1st January 1990 to 31st December 1999, a total of 169 cases of invasive cervical cancer wereseen at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Results: Carcinoma of the cervix accounted for 63.

Intraorbital tuberculosis: a case report.

A 75-year-old woman presented at the eye clinic of the University of llorin Teaching Hospital with swelling of the left eyelids and protrusion of the left eyeball. The swelling was painless. Physical examination revealed no systemic abnormality.