Evaluation of Efficacy of Surface Coated versus Encapsulated Influenza Antigens in Mannose-Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based Intranasal Vaccine in Swine.

This study focuses on the development and characterization of an intranasal vaccine platform using adjuvanted nanoparticulate delivery of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The vaccine employed whole inactivated H1N2 SwIAV as an antigen and STING-agonist ADU-S100 as an adjuvant, with both surface adsorbed or encapsulated in mannose-chitosan nanoparticles (mChit-NPs). Optimization of mChit-NPs included evaluating size, zeta potential, and cytotoxicity, with a 1:9 mass ratio of antigen to NP demonstrating high loading efficacy and non-cytotoxic properties suitable for intranasal vaccination.

Characterization of a novel functional porcine CD3CD4CD8αCD8β T-helper/memory lymphocyte subset in the respiratory tract lymphoid tissues of swine influenza A virus vaccinated pigs.

The pig is emerging as a physiologically relevant biomedical large animal model. Delineating the functional roles of porcine adaptive T-lymphocyte subsets in health and disease is of critical significance, which facilitates mechanistic understanding of antigen-specific immune memory responses. We identified a novel T-helper/memory lymphocyte subset in pigs and performed phenotypic and functional characterization of these cells under steady state and following vaccination and infection with swine influenza A virus (SwIAV).

Characterization of the Efficacy of a Split Swine Influenza A Virus Nasal Vaccine Formulated with a Nanoparticle/STING Agonist Combination Adjuvant in Conventional Pigs.

Swine influenza A viruses (SwIAVs) are pathogens of both veterinary and medical significance. Intranasal (IN) vaccination has the potential to reduce flu infection. We investigated the efficacy of split SwIAV H1N2 antigens adsorbed with a plant origin nanoparticle adjuvant [Nano11-SwIAV] or in combination with a STING agonist ADU-S100 [NanoS100-SwIAV].

Intradermal Vaccination against Influenza with a STING-Targeted Nanoparticle Combination Adjuvant Induces Superior Cross-Protective Humoral Immunity in Swine Compared with Intranasal and Intramuscular Immunization.

The development of cross-protective vaccines against the zoonotic swine influenza A virus (swIAV), a potential pandemic-causing agent, continues to be an urgent global health concern. Commercially available vaccines provide suboptimal cross-protection against circulating subtypes of swIAV, which can lead to worldwide economic losses and poor zoonosis deterrence. The limited efficacy of current swIAV vaccines demands innovative strategies for the development of next-generation vaccines.

An Orf-Virus (ORFV)-Based Vector Expressing a Consensus H1 Hemagglutinin Provides Protection against Diverse Swine Influenza Viruses.

Influenza A viruses (IAV-S) belonging to the H1 subtype are endemic in swine worldwide. Antigenic drift and antigenic shift lead to a substantial antigenic diversity in circulating IAV-S strains. As a result, the most commonly used vaccines based on whole inactivated viruses (WIVs) provide low protection against divergent H1 strains due to the mismatch between the vaccine virus strain and the circulating one.

A split influenza vaccine formulated with a combination adjuvant composed of alpha-D-glucan nanoparticles and a STING agonist elicits cross-protective immunity in pigs.

Background: Swine influenza A viruses (SwIAVs) pose an economic and pandemic threat, and development of novel effective vaccines is of critical significance. We evaluated the performance of split swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) H1N2 antigens with a plant-derived nanoparticle adjuvant alone (Nano-11) [Nano11-SwIAV] or in combination with the synthetic stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist ADU-S100 (NanoS100-SwIAV). Specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs were vaccinated twice via intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) routes and challenged with a virulent heterologous SwIAV H1N1-OH7 virus.

Registered Influenza Viral Vector Based Vaccine for Cattle in Kazakhstan: Age-Wise Safety and Efficacy Studies.

A novel influenza viral vector based vaccine (Flu-BA) was introduced for use in cattle in Kazakhstan in 2019. In this study, the safety and efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated in male and female cattle at different ages, and during pregnancy as a part of its registration process. Our data demonstrated that the Flu-BA vaccine was safe after prime or booster vaccination in calves (5-7 months old male and female), heifers (15-17 months old) and cows (6-7 years old) and was not abortogenic in pregnant animals.

A new candidate vaccine for human brucellosis based on influenza viral vectors: a preliminary investigation for the development of an immunization schedule in a guinea pig model.

Background: A new candidate vector vaccine against human brucellosis based on recombinant influenza viral vectors (rIVV) subtypes H5N1 expressing Brucella outer membrane protein (Omp) 16, L7/L12, Omp19 or Cu-Zn SOD proteins has been developed. This paper presents the results of the study of protection of the vaccine using on guinea pigs, including various options of administering, dose and frequency. Provided data of the novel vaccine candidate will contribute to its further movement into the preclinical stage study.

Development of Human Vectored Brucellosis Vaccine Formulation: Assessment of Safety and Protectiveness of Influenza Viral Vectors Expressing Immunodominant Proteins in Mice and Guinea Pigs.

In this paper, we first used recombinant influenza viral vector (rIVV) subtype H5N1 expressing from the open reading frame of NS1 80 and NS1 124 amino acids of outer membrane proteins (Omp) 16 and 19, ribosomal L7/L12, and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins to develop a human brucellosis vaccine. We made 18 combinations of IVVs in mono-, bi-, and tetravalent vaccine formulations and tested them on mice to select the safest and most effective vaccine samples. Then, the most effective vaccine candidates were further tested on guinea pigs.